口疮，服凉药不愈者，因中焦土虚，且不能食，相火冲上无制，用理中汤。人
、白术、甘草补土之虚，干姜散火之标。甚则加附子，或噙官桂，亦妙。一方，生白矾
末贴之，极效。或噙良久，以水漱之，再噙。一方，治口疮甚者，用西瓜浆水，徐徐饮之
。冬月无此，用西瓜皮烧灰敷之。又方，黄连好酒煮之，呷下立愈。又方，远志，醋研，鹅
毛扫患处，出涎。
入方
细辛 黄柏（炒，一云黄连，等分）
上为末。贴之，或掺舌上，吐涎水再敷，须旋合之。
治满口白烂
荜茇（一两，为末） 浓柏（一两）
上用柏，火炙为末，米醋煎数沸，后调上药。漱涎，再用白汤漱口即愈。重者三次。
舌上生疮 用白荷花瓣贴之。
〔附录〕口舌生疮，皆上焦热壅所致，宜如圣汤，或甘桔汤加黄芩一钱。仍用柳花散掺之
附方
黑参丸 治口舌生疮，久不愈。
黑参 天门冬 麦门冬（去心，各炒一两）
上为末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。每用一丸，绵裹噙化，咽津。
柳花散 治口舌生疮。
玄胡索（一两） 黄柏 黄连（各半两） 密陀僧（二钱） 青黛（二钱）
上为末。敷贴口内，有津即吐。
增损如圣汤
桔梗（二两） 甘草（炙，一两半） 防风（半两） 枳壳（汤浸去穣，二钱半）
上为末。每服三钱，水煎，食后服。
甘桔汤
桔梗（二两） 甘草（一两）
上水煎，食后温服。
理中汤 见中寒类。
牙痛，梧桐泪为末，少加麝香擦之。牙大痛，必用胡椒、荜茇，能散其中浮热。间以升
、寒水石，佐以辛凉，荆芥、薄荷、细辛之类。又方，用清凉药，便使痛不开，必须从治，
荜茇、川芎、薄荷、荆芥、细辛、樟脑、青盐。
治牙痛甚者。
防风 羌活 青盐（入肉） 细辛 荜茇 川椒
上为末。擦噙。
又方
南星为末，霜梅五个，取其引涎。以荆芥、薄荷散风热，青盐入肾入骨。擦噙。
又方
蒲公英（烧灰） 香附末 白芷 青盐
上为末。擦噙。
治阴虚牙出鲜血，气郁。
用四物汤加牛膝、香附、生甘草、侧柏。
蛀牙
芦荟、白胶香，寒蛀孔中。
阳明热而牙痛。
大黄、香附，各烧灰存性为末，入青盐少许，不时擦牙上。
固齿
用羊胫骨烧灰存性二钱，当归、白芷、猪牙皂角、青盐各一钱为末，擦牙上。
刷牙药
烧白羊骨灰一两，升麻一两，黄连半钱，擦用。
Mouth sores that do not heal after taking cooling medicines are due to deficiency of the middle jiao (middle burner) earth (spleen and stomach), inability to eat, and uncontrolled rising of ministerial fire (a physiological fire residing in the liver and kidney). Use Lizhong Tang. Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, and Gan Cao tonify the deficiency of the earth; Gan Jiang disperses the branch manifestation of fire. In severe cases, add Fu Zi, or hold Guan Gui (Cinnamon Twig) in the mouth, which is also excellent. Another prescription: apply raw Bai Fan (Alumen) powder to the affected area; it is extremely effective. Or hold it in the mouth for a long time, rinse with water, and repeat. Another prescription for severe mouth sores: drink Xi Gua Jiang Shui (Watermelon Juice Water) slowly. In winter when unavailable, burn Xi Gua Pi (Watermelon Rind) to ash and apply it. Another method: boil Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) in good wine, sip and swallow for immediate relief. Another method: use Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root) ground with vinegar, sweep the affected area with a goose feather to induce salivation.
Prescription for application: Xi Xin (Asarum Root) and Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark) (stir-fried, some say use Huang Lian, equal parts).
Grind into powder. Apply to the site, or sprinkle on the tongue. Spit out saliva and reapply. Must be freshly prepared.
Treatment for generalized white ulceration of the mouth:
Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit) (1 liang, ground into powder) and Nong Bai (Huang Bo/Phellodendron Bark) (1 liang).
Roast the Huang Bo over fire, grind into powder, decoct with rice vinegar for a few boils, then mix with the above powder. Rinse out saliva first, then rinse with warm water to cure. Severe cases require three applications.
Sores on the tongue:
Apply petals of Bai He Hua (White Lotus Flower) to the affected area.
[Appendix] Mouth and tongue sores are all caused by heat congestion in the upper jiao (upper burner). Use Rusheng Tang, or Ganjie Tang added with 1 qian of Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root). Also apply Liuhua San (Willow Flower Powder) to the affected area.
Supplementary Prescriptions:
Heishen Wan (Black Ginseng Pill): Treats mouth and tongue sores that persist for a long time.
Hei Shen (Blackened Ren Shen/Ginseng), Tian Men Dong (Asparagus Tuber), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) (remove heart, stir-fry each 1 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, wrap in cotton, hold in mouth to dissolve, and swallow saliva.
Liuhua San (Willow Flower Powder): Treats mouth and tongue sores.
Xuan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizome) (1 liang), Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (each 0.5 liang), Mi Tuo Seng (Lead Monoxide) (2 qian), Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) (2 qian).
Grind into powder. Apply inside the mouth. Spit out if saliva is produced.
Zengsun Rusheng Tang (Modified Rusheng Decoction):
Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (2 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (roasted, 1.5 liang), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) (0.5 liang), Zhi Ke (Aurantium Fruit) (soaked in water, remove pith, 2.5 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water, take after meals.
Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction):
Jie Geng (Platocodon Root) (2 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (1 liang).
Decoct in water, take warm after meals.
Lizhong Tang: See section on Cold Damage to the Middle Jiao.
Toothache: Use Wu Tong Lei (Wu Tong Resin) ground into powder, add a little She Xiang (Musk) and rub on the affected area. For severe toothache, Bi Bo (Long Pepper) and Hu Jiao (Pepper) must be used to disperse floating heat within. Intermittently use Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Han Shui Shi (Calcitum), assisted by acrid-cool herbs such as Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Bo He (Mint Herb), and Xi Xin (Asarum Root). Another method: if cooling medicines fail to relieve pain, use contrary treatment methods involving Bi Bo, Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Bo He, Jing Jie, Xi Xin, Zhang Nao (Borneol), and Qing Yan (Rock Salt).
For severe toothache:
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Qing Yan (Rock Salt) (penetrates flesh), Xi Xin (Asarum Root), Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit), Chuan Jiao (Sichuan Pepper).
Grind into powder. Rub and hold in mouth.
Another method:
Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema Rhizome) ground into powder, with five Shuang Mei (Frost-plums) to induce salivation. Use Jing Jie and Bo He to dispel wind-heat; Qing Yan enters the kidney and bone. Rub and hold in mouth.
Another method:
Pu Gong Ying (Dandelion) (burned to ash), Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome) powder, Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Qing Yan (Rock Salt).
Grind into powder. Rub and hold in mouth.
For toothache with bleeding gums due to yin deficiency and qi stagnation:
Use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root), Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome), Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root), and Ce Bai Ye (Biota Top Leaf).
Cavities (Tooth Decay):
Lu Hui (Aloe) and Bai Jiao Xiang (Elemi Resin), insert into cold cavities.
Yangming Heat causing toothache:
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) and Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome), each burned to ash retaining nature, ground into powder. Add a little Qing Yan (Rock Salt), rub on teeth occasionally.
Teeth Strengthening:
Burn Yang Jing Gu (Sheep Tibia Bone) to ash retaining nature (2 qian), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Tofu Tree Pod), and Qing Yan (Rock Salt) (each 1 qian), grind into powder, rub on teeth.
Toothpaste:
Burned White Sheep Bone Ash (1 liang), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) (1 liang), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (0.5 qian), rub and use.