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It refers to fullness below the umbilicus. Fullness located above is due to Qi stagnation; fullness located below is due to tangible pathogenic factors (such as retained food or blood stasis). The lower abdomen involves urination and blood. If hardness, fullness, and pain extend from the epigastrium to the lower abdomen, it is an excess syndrome, treated with Da Xian Xiong Tang (Great Drain the Chest Decoction) to purge. If there is only hardness, fullness, and pain in the lower abdomen with free urination, this is a blood-stasis syndrome known as Heat Binding in the Bladder, where the patient exhibits a manic-like state, treated with Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Kernel Modifying the Bowels Decoction). If urination is obstructed, it is a syndrome of difficult urination. All these cases result from pathogenic factors gathering in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner), causing stagnation and obstruction of fluids, blood, and Qi.

It refers to a feeling of depression and vexation in the heart/mind. Vexation (Fan) belongs to heat. The desire to vomit without actually doing so, leaving one feeling helpless in the chest, characterizes this. Chest vexation, heart vexation, and deficiency vexation are all caused by pathogenic heat transmitting inward. Heart vexation accompanied by a tendency to vomit, and chest vexation without a tendency to vomit, are both treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
In Shaoyin disease (Lesser Yin Disease) persisting for two to three days, if there is heart vexation and inability to sleep, Huang Lian E Jiao Tang (Coptis and Turtle Shell Decoction) is indicated. In Shaoyin disease, if there is chest fullness and vexation, Zhu Fu Tang (Pig Skin Decoction) is indicated. The above cases are all treated by clearing heat and harmonizing. If it presents as excess in the diaphragm, Gua Di San (Melon Sepal Powder) can be used to induce vomiting. If it is not an excess condition resulting from sweating, vomiting, or purging, heavy-dose emetics may be used.
In Yangming disease (Yang Brightness Disease), if there is vexation without vomiting or purging, it is an excess condition, and purgatives may be used.
Furthermore, in Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease lasting two to three days, if there is palpitations and vexation in the heart, it is a deficiency condition, treated with Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) to tonify. Generally, vexation preceding palpitations indicates heat; palpitations preceding vexation indicate deficiency. Vexation arising after sweating, vomiting, or purging is due to deficiency. Light-dose emetics may be used for such internal-collapsing vexation, treated with Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction); add Gan Cao (Licorice Root) for shortness of breath, Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) for vomiting, and Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) for abdominal fullness. After severe purging, if heat persists with slight vexation, add Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger).

Vexation and restlessness belong to Yang. As a milder form of heat, "fan zao" (vexation-restlessness) refers to vexation gradually progressing to restlessness. Restlessness (Zao) implies agitation and irritability, belonging to Yin, representing a more severe form of heat. "Zao fan" refers to restlessness preceding vexation.
There are cases of restlessness without vexation, characterized by a stifling sensation followed immediately by agitation and discomfort; this is Yin Excess repelling Yang (Yin Cold interior forcing Yang to float outward). Although the patient is extremely restless and desires to lie in mud or water, they cannot swallow water; this requires warming treatment.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to pathogenic factors in the exterior. In Taiyang Wind Strike (Greater Yang Wind Attack) with a floating-tight pulse, failure to sweat leads to vexation and restlessness, treated with Da Qing Long Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction). This occurs when sweating should have been induced but was not.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to pathogenic factors in the interior. Constipation for six to seven days with periumbilical pain and periodic episodes of vexation and restlessness indicates dry stool accumulation, which can be purged. There are also cases of vexation and restlessness caused by fire therapy. In Taiyang disease, using moxibustion or fire fumigation causes intense heat to enter the Stomach.
There are cases where Shanghan symptoms have just resolved, but Stomach Qi remains weak; excessive eating leads to stuffiness and vexation, with a floating-hong pulse, requiring dietary restriction.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to deficiency. Sweating when Yang Qi is weak leads to restlessness and insomnia. Purging followed by sweating causes daytime restlessness and insomnia, while nighttime quietness, no thirst, no vomiting, no exterior signs, absence of high fever, and a deep-micro pulse indicate treatment with Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction). If vexation and restlessness persist after sweating or purging, Fu Ling Si Ni Tang (Poria Four Reversals Decoction) is indicated.
After sweating, vomiting, and purging, if the Zang-Fu organs are deficient and residual heat combines with deficiency causing vexation, characterized by no body pain and a pulse that is neither tight nor rapid, tonification of deficiency is appropriate.
There are cases of vexation and restlessness due to Yin Excess. In Shaoyin disease with vomiting and diarrhea, cold hands and feet, and extreme restlessness desiring death, Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction) is indicated.