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"The statement that 'Shanghan (Cold Damage) transmits only through the Foot meridians and not the Hand meridians' is a fallacy. The human body consists entirely of blood and Qi. Since wind moves water, and Qi movement drives blood flow, circulating endlessly day and night, how could it be that the Hand meridians are spared! On what basis is this claim made?

In winter, Kidney Water is in command, and the weather is severely cold. At this time, the Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyang meridians are primarily active, so these two meridians suffer injury most frequently. Next are the Foot Shaoyang and Foot Jueyin (Liver and Gallbladder) meridians, which follow winter to implement the functions of spring. Wind Wood arises during the Great Cold solar term, specifically in the twelfth lunar month, and continues until the Spring Equinox when warm functions begin; thus, wind-cold injures these meridians. The Foot Yangming and Foot Taiyin (Spleen and Stomach) belong to Central Earth. Central Earth has no fixed position or name but thrives throughout the four seasons; both cold and heat pathogens can transmit through it, and the pathogen ultimately returns to the Stomach. The Hand meridians primarily govern summer and autumn, so they are less likely to be injured. Therefore, saying 'Foot meridians are injured but not Hand meridians' is correct reasoning; however, saying 'transmission occurs in Foot meridians but not Hand meridians' is incorrect reasoning.

The mechanisms of transmission and transformation among the Six Meridians must be memorized diligently, without letting go for a moment. For instance, 'Zhengsheng' (repetitive speech with heavy limbs) indicates deficiency caused by cold. 'Zhanyu' (delirious speech) can be either deficient or excess: deficiency results from loss of blood and collapse of Yang, while excess results from internal heat and constipation. 'Siyue' (Spleen constraint) presents with hard stool and free urination, where food and water are not digested, indicating cold in the Zang organs. Persistent diarrhea is called 'Changpi' (intestinal dysentery). If Shanghan persists for thirteen days without resolution, it is called 'Guojing' (passing beyond the meridian stage). Vomiting long roundworms is called 'Huijue' (ascaris jue). Irritability accompanying Yin Jue is called 'Yinzao' (Yin irritability). Cold hands and feet are termed 'Jue' (Jue syndrome). Slight coldness at the fingertips is attributed to indulgence of emotions. When sweating, vomiting, purging, and warming therapies fail, it is called 'Huai zheng' (ruined syndrome).

What constitutes a 'Ni' (adverse/rebellious) condition? There are four types of adverse transformations: it may transform into Wen Nue (warm malaria), Feng Shi (wind-dampness), Wendu (warm toxin), or Wenyi (warm epidemic); these four constitute the adverse conditions. Unceasing sweating after inducing diaphoresis is called 'Loufeng' (leaking wind) and also signifies collapse of Yang. Severe purging damaging blood leads to collapse of Yang. Unceasing sweating in Yang syndromes is called 'Wang Yang' (collapse of Yang). Inducing sweating after severe epistaxis leading to mania is called 'Wang Yang'. Generally, absence of sweat is typical; if sweat is present excessively, it is also termed 'Wang Yang'. Disease manifesting from March to summer is called 'Wanfa' (late onset). Cold contracted in winter but manifesting in spring is called 'Wenbing' (warm disease). Non-seasonal violent cold latent in the Shaoyin meridian, causing sore throat and diarrhea, is named 'Shen Shanghan' (Kidney Cold Damage). Heat burning the body after sweating is called 'Fengwen' (wind-warmth), also known as Zhong Fengwen. Contracting the irregular Qi of the four seasons, affecting both old and young similarly, is called 'Yili' (epidemic pestilence). Recurrence after recovery due to overexertion is called 'Laofu' (labor recurrence). Recurrence after recovery due to overeating is called 'Shifu' (food recurrence). Fever recurring after recovery is called 'Yire' (lingering heat). Simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea is called 'Huoluan' (cholera-like disorder). Epistaxis is called 'Nv'. Cough with rebellious Qi is called 'Sou'. Dry heaving is called 'Yue'. Diarrhea mixed with cold is called 'Changgou' (intestinal mucus). Hard stool is called 'Ying' (hardness). Palpitations with chills and trembling are called 'Ji'. Thirst with drinking followed by vomiting is called 'Shuini' (water rebellion). Mental restlessness and oppression are called 'Aonao' (regretful distress). Skin insensitivity to itch and pain is called 'Buren' (numbness). Muscle twitching and tendon tremors are called 'Rou Sun Jin Ti' (muscle twitching and tendon tremor). Pulsation below the navel is called 'Ben Tun' (rushing pig). Upper vomiting requires emetic therapy. Lower diarrhea requires purgative therapy. Spasms and convulsions of hands and feet are called 'Chi Zong' (spasm and clonic seizure). Wind diseases of the four limbs are called 'Moji' (extremity disease). Jue syndrome with diarrhea, where the patient unexpectedly can eat, is called 'Chuzhong' (elimination of the middle). There is no 'Hebing' (combined disease) in the Three Yin meridians. Simultaneous disease of the Three Yang meridians is called 'Hebing' (combined disease). When two Yang meridians are diseased first, and then another Yang meridian becomes diseased independently, it is called 'Bingbing' (consecutive disease). The spaces between skin and flesh are called 'Cou Li' (cou li/pores). In women, the lower orifices are referred to as 'Li ye' (the理 structure)."