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Pediatric damp-phlegm arises from excessive consumption of raw, cold, and greasy foods, which injure the Spleen and Stomach. This leads to deficiency-dampness in Spleen Earth (the Spleen's functional system associated with transformation and transportation), resulting in an inability to transform and transport fluids, thereby forming phlegm. This type of phlegm is slippery and easy to expectorate. Due to Spleen deficiency and impaired transportation, the child exhibits poor appetite. Since the Spleen governs the four limbs, the child feels fatigued and prefers lying down. As the Spleen corresponds to the element of Earth in Five-Phase theory, the complexion is often yellow. For cases with abundant phlegm, ancient methods primarily prescribe Zhijie Erchen Tang (Bitter Orange and Citrus Decoction, containing Zhiqiao [Aurantii Fructus], Jiegeng [Platycodonis Radix], Chenpi [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium], Banxia [Pinelliae Rhizoma], Fuling [Poria], Zhi Gancao [Prepared Licorice Root], with Shengjiang [Fresh Ginger] as a guide drug), added with Cangzhu [Atractylodis Rhizoma] and Baizhu [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma] to dispel dampness and resolve phlegm.

In cases where phlegm-fluid retention is severe, ancient methods primarily prescribe Guiling Gan Zhu Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Poria, Licorice, and Atractylodes Decoction, containing Fuling [Poria], Guizhi [Cinnamomi Ramulus], Sheng Gancao [Raw Licorice Root], Tu Chao Baizhu [Earth-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma], with Shengjiang [Fresh Ginger] as a guide drug).

[Commentary by Chen Shouzhen]: Damp-phlegm is invariably clear, thin, white, and continuous. Treatment should focus on using Huazhou Juhong [Exocarpium Citri Grandis] (1.5 qian), Banxia Qu [Pinellia Fermented Paste] (1 qian), Tu Chao Baizhu [Earth-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma] (1.5 qian), Mi Jiang Jin Chao Cangzhu [Mi Jiang Water-soaked and Stir-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma] (0.5 fen), Chao Fuling [Stir-fried Poria] (1 qian), Baijiezi [Brassicae Semen] (0.5 fen), Zhi Gancao [Prepared Licorice Root] (0.3 fen), with Zhuru [Bambusa Textilis Caulis] stir-fried with Jiangzhi [Ginger Juice] (1 qian) as a guide drug.

If phlegm-fluid retention is severe, add Jiuzhuan Danningxing [Nine-fold Processed Arisaema cum Bile] (0.3 fen) and one slice of Shengjiang [Fresh Ginger].

Blood is the fluid substance of the whole body. With blood, the sinews, bones, zang-organs, and fu-organs are irrigated and nourished to form the physical structure. Without blood, internal nourishment is lost, leading to emaciation and withering of the physique. In pediatric hemorrhagic syndromes, excess Yang invades Yin, causing blood to be forced by heat. Consequently, blood enters the Qi level and moves recklessly, failing to return to the meridians. If the blood disease injures the fu-organs, blood seeps into the turbid pathways of the intestines and stomach, ascending through the throat to emerge as vomiting or epistaxis; descending through the two excretions, it manifests as hematochezia or hematuria. If the blood disease injures the zang-organs, blood overflows into the clear pathways of the chest, ascending through the larynx accompanied by coughing, and descending through the essence aperture (urethra) to manifest as hematuria. Blood resides within the zang-organs, circulates within the vessels, and flows inside the body shell, remaining invisible. It does not cause disease unless injured; thus, there are three main causes of injury:

First, heat injuring the Yang collaterals, which pertains to fu-organ pathology. Heat injuring the Yin collaterals pertains to zang-organ pathology. Treatment should prioritize clearing heat.

Second, strain injury (caused by excessive exertion), for which treatment should prioritize breaking stasis and expelling blood.

Third, fatigue injury (caused by overexertion), for which treatment should prioritize regulating and tonifying deficiency.

To treat hemorrhage, one must first clarify these three major causes to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment of pediatric blood-loss syndromes. By examining the name to verify the reality, this section on blood is composed.