夫鼻为肺窍。《经》曰∶天气通于肺。若肺胃无痰火积热,则平常上升,皆清气
也。肺家有病,则鼻不利,如伤热之不散,或伤寒之久郁成热,皆能使塞而不利。若平
人而多涕,或黄或自或带血,如脓状者,皆肾虚所致,不可过用凉药。更夫嚏者,鼻出
声也。欲名喷嚏,《经》曰∶是阳气和利,满于心,出于鼻,故为嚏。向日而嚏者,金
畏火也。伤风多嚏者,火郁于肺也。拨孔即嚏者,金扣乃鸣也。更有风邪客于皮毛,是
以津液不收,致流清涕,头楚若锯者,名曰鼻鼽。更有金不生水,则元阳虚火上升,而
成鼻干者。更有鼻渊者,谓其涕下不止,如彼水泉,故名之也。《经》曰∶是胆移热于
脑。盖胆脉起于目锐 ,上抵面门,入络于脑,然阳明之脉,亦挟鼻络目,傍约太阳之
脉者也。今因脑热,则足太阳逆,与阳明之脉俱盛,泊于额中,是以鼻额酸痛,涕下不
止矣。更有寒邪未尽,虚热渐炽,是以脓涕结聚,香臭不闻,此名鼻 。更有热血入
面,为寒所拂,是以污浊凝滞,则成鼻 。或得之酒刺生面,上焦火盛者。更有鼻生紫
赤刺瘾疹,欲名肺风。更有风湿之气,壅成内热,或因气疳,故鼻下两傍,疮湿痒烂,
是名鼻疳,俗呼鼻 疮。不甚痛,汗所流处,即成烂疮。更有肺中积热,六阳上蒸,
或成赤鼻者。更有或心或肺或胃,蕴热过极,迫血妄行,上干情道,而为鼻衄者。更
有温热之气,外郁皮毛,内应太阴,故三焦之火,得以上炎,为鼻生赘,如灶火上炎,
而成煤也。又有胃中食积,热痰流注,是以上疗而鼻生 肉,犹湿地得热而生茵也,
治宜利膈去热,切勿因碍伤动,否则便成鼻痔矣。更脑病者,其候有二,若清水流出而
不痛者为寒;若流黄臭水而痛者为热,久而不愈,即名脑漏,治法当内服清利胆热,外
于囟会通天二穴灸之。
The nose is the orifice of the Lung. The *Classic* states: "Heavenly Qi communicates with the Lung." If there is no phlegm-fire or accumulated heat in the Lung and Stomach, then what normally ascends is all clear Qi. When the Lung system is diseased, the nose becomes obstructed; for instance, if heat pathogen is contracted but not dispersed, or if cold damage lingers and transforms into heat, both can cause nasal congestion and obstruction. If a healthy person has excessive nasal discharge, whether yellow, white, or blood-streaked, resembling pus, this is caused by Kidney deficiency and should not be treated with excessive cooling medicines. As for sneezing, it is the sound produced from the nose. To name it "sneeze," the *Classic* says: "This is when Yang Qi is harmonious and smooth, filling the Heart, and emerging from the nose, thus it is called sneezing." Sneezing while facing the sun occurs because Metal (Lung) fears Fire (Sun). Frequent sneezing due to wind-cold indicates fire stagnating in the Lung. Sneezing upon stimulating the nostrils occurs because metal only rings when struck. Furthermore, if wind pathogen lodges in the skin and hair, body fluids fail to be retained, leading to clear rhinorrhea and head pain as if sawed, named *Bi Qiu* (nasal congestion with clear discharge). Additionally, if Metal fails to generate Water, causing Yuan Yang deficiency and deficieny fire to ascend, dryness of the nose results. Another condition is *Bi Yuan* (sinusitis), characterized by incessant dripping of nasal discharge like a spring, hence the name. The *Classic* states: "This is Gallbladder transferring heat to the Brain." The Gallbladder meridian originates at the outer canthus, ascends to the face, and enters/connects with the brain. However, the Yangming meridian also flanks the nose, connects with the eyes, and binds alongside the Taiyang meridian. Now, due to brain heat, the Foot-Taiyang channel becomes rebellious, and together with the Yangming channel, both become vigorous, stagnating in the forehead. Thus, there is soreness and pain in the nose and forehead, with incessant nasal discharge. If cold pathogen is not fully resolved and deficient heat gradually intensifies, purulent nasal discharge accumulates, and the sense of smell is lost; this is named *Bi Shi* (nasal obstruction). If hot blood enters the face and is rebuffed by cold, turbidity stagnates, forming *Bi Zhi* (nasal polyps). This may also result from acne on the face with excessive fire in the Upper Jiao. If purple-red papular urticaria grows on the nose, it is named *Fei Feng* (Wind affecting the Lung). If damp-heat qi obstructs and forms internal heat, or due to Qi-type malnutrition (*Qi Gan*), sores that are wet, itchy, and ulcerated appear on both sides below the nose, it is named *Bi Gan* (nasal eczema/ulcer), commonly called nasal sore. It is not very painful; where sweat flows, rotten sores form. If there is accumulated heat in the Lung, with the Six Yang channels steaming upwards, red nose (*Chi Bi*, rosacea) may form. If Heart, Lung, or Stomach harbor excessive heat, forcing blood to move recklessly upwards interfering with the airway, epistaxis (*Bi Nu*) occurs. If warm-heat qi is externally constrained in the skin and internally corresponds to the Taiyin, the fire of the Three Burners can ascend, causing nasal excrescences, resembling coal formed from stove fire rising. If food stagnation in the Stomach generates hot phlegm that flows downward, boils may appear above while nasal polyps grow within, similar to moss growing on wet ground heated by warmth. Treatment should focus on clearing the diaphragm and removing heat; one must not disturb or injure them due to obstruction, otherwise they will become nasal polyps. Regarding brain diseases, there are two presentations: clear fluid flowing without pain indicates cold; yellow foul-smelling fluid flowing with pain indicates heat. If prolonged and unhealed, it is named *Nao Lou* (brain leakage/sinusitis). The treatment method involves internally administering herbs to clear and drain Gallbladder heat, and externally applying moxibustion to the Xunhui (GV22) and Tongtian (BL27) acupoints.