地骨皮，专退有汗骨蒸劳热，肾肺伏火，补益正气，凉血凉骨，五内邪气，热中
消褐，及去肌热，利大小便，此与牡丹皮主治骨蒸同功，但丹皮解无汗者，地骨皮解有
汗者，较之知柏苦寒伤胃，何如骨皮甘寒，勿伤胃气也。
主治（痘疹合参） 药性同前，更治在里无定风邪者，谓肾水不足则火旺，肝木不
宁则风淫，风热内生，不与外感同类也。
按∶枸杞、骨皮，均为肾家之剂，热淫于内，泻以甘寒，地骨皮是也。精不足者补
之以味，枸杞是也。肠滑者禁枸杞子，中寒者忌地骨皮。
感天之清气，得地之苦味，故味苦寒。大寒，无毒，入手太阴、手少阴、足阳明
经，为泻一切有余火热之药。脾胃虚弱，血虚发热者忌之。如治实热，同三黄之类暂
用，宜生。如治鼻衄肺热，同生地丹皮之类宜炒黑。如劫心胃火痛，姜汁拌炒用。
山栀子，留皮，治肌表热，去皮治心胸热，治至高之分，泻肺火，解热郁，行结
气，除烦满，治湿热兼利水，而使小便曲曲下行，总去五内邪气，胃中热气，心中客
热，而虚烦不得眠者，丹溪用以和姜汁拌炒，劫胃脘火痛如神。
主治（痘疹合参） 宜酒炒，用凉心肺。治衄血，散客热，利小便，疗虚烦，劫心
痛，凡痘壮热。吐血衄血暂用。然苦寒伤胃，慎之。
枝栀子，轻飘象肺，故独人肺家，泄有余之火，种种功用，皆从肺旁及者也。大苦
大寒损胃伐气，虚人忌之，世人每用治血，不知血寒则凝，反成败症，治实火之吐血，
顺气为先，气行则血自归经，治虚火之吐血，养正为先，气壮则自能摄血，此治疗之
大法，不可稍违者也。如误用栀子，受其害也必矣。
Dugupi (Cortex Lycii), specifically clears bone-steaming tidal fever accompanied by sweating, drains latent fire in the Kidney and Lung, tonifies righteous Qi, cools blood and bone, eliminates pathogenic qi within the five zang organs, treats internal heat with polydipsia (Xiao Ke), removes heat from the muscle layer, and promotes urination and defecation. Its efficacy in treating bone-steaming is similar to that of Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan), but Mudanpi is indicated for cases without sweating, whereas Dugupi is indicated for cases with sweating. Compared to Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) and Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri), which are bitter-cold and damage the Stomach Qi, Dugupi is sweet-cold and does not injure the Stomach Qi.
Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rashes): The nature is the same as mentioned above; it further treats wind-pathogens located internally without fixed patterns. This refers to the condition where insufficient Kidney Water leads to hyperactive Fire, and restless Liver Wood leads to endogenous Wind. Endogenous wind-heat is different from external contractions.
Commentary: Gouqi (Fructus Lycii) and Dugupi are both remedies targeting the Kidney. For heat pathogens rampant internally,甘甜-cold herbs are used to drain heat, such as Dugupi. For insufficiency of essence, substances with substantial flavor are used to tonify, such as Gouqi. Gouqi is contraindicated in patients with loose stools; Dugupi is contraindicated in those with Middle Jiao Cold.
Shanzhizi (Fructus Gardeniae), absorbing the clear qi of Heaven and the bitter taste of Earth, possesses a bitter and cold nature. It is extremely cold, non-toxic, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It is an herb that drains all excess fire and heat. It is contraindicated in patients with Spleen-Stomach deficiency weakness or fever due to Blood deficiency. When treating excess heat, it may be temporarily used in combination with Sanhuang (the three yellows: Huang Lian, Huang Qin, Huang Bo); raw use is preferred. When treating epistaxis and Lung heat, it should be combined with Shengdi (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) and Mudanpi and stir-fried until blackened. To alleviate heart and stomach fire pain, it is used after being stir-fried with ginger juice.
Shanzhizi, when the pericarp is retained, treats heat at the muscle surface; when the pericarp is removed, it treats heat in the chest and heart. It addresses heat in the highest regions, drains Lung fire, resolves heat stagnation, moves stagnant Qi, relieves irritability and fullness, treats damp-heat while promoting diuresis allowing urine to flow smoothly downwards, and generally eliminates pathogenic qi within the five zang organs, gastric heat, guest heat in the heart, and insomnia caused by deficiency-irritability. Zhu Danxi often used it stir-fried with ginger juice, achieving miraculous results in treating epigastric fire pain.
Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rashes): Should be wine-stir-fried to cool the Heart and Lung. Treats epistaxis, dissipates guest heat, promotes urination, treats deficiency-irritability, alleviates heart pain. It may be temporarily used for high fever in smallpox, hematemesis, and epistaxis. However, its bitter-cold nature damages the Stomach, so caution is advised.
Zhizhi (Ramulus Gardeniae), light and floating resembling the Lung, therefore exclusively enters the Lung Meridian to drain excess fire. Various functions extend from the Lung. Shanzhizi is extremely bitter and cold, damaging the Stomach and depleting Qi; it is contraindicated in deficient persons. People often use it to treat bleeding disorders, unaware that cold congeals blood, potentially leading to disastrous outcomes. In treating hematemesis due to excess fire, regulating Qi is paramount; once Qi moves, blood naturally returns to its vessels. In treating hematemesis due to deficiency fire, nourishing righteousness is paramount; once Qi is strong, it can naturally control blood. These are the fundamental principles of treatment and must not be violated. Misuse of Zhizi will inevitably cause harm.