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Danxi stated: It should be written as "Jing" (spasm), which is an error in transcription. Examination of various texts reveals no one has been able to clarify this. Some say that if the disease occurs at fixed times, it is called "Chi" (clonic spasm); if not at fixed times, it is called "Jing". However, consulting the *Ling Shu*, *Su Wen*, and subsequent works by Zhang Zhongjing and others, they all refer to "Chi" and "Jing". Although the characters differ, the treatments are largely similar, so there is probably no need to strictly separate them into two categories. Generally speaking, "Chi" is the name of the disease, while "Jing" describes the symptoms. Originally, there are two types: rigid and flaccid. When the disease manifests, the meridians and sinews become stiff and tense, with the body arching backward like a bow (*jiaogong fanzhang*), hence it is called "Jing", indicating stiffness and urgency. Thus, it is named after its clinical presentation. Otherwise, why have physicians throughout history used formulas for treating "Chi" to treat "Jing", and vice versa? Various methods prove effective; since the treatment is identical without distinction, the symptoms must be unified rather than dual. Additionally, there is "Lao Feng" (Wind due to Exhaustion), caused by wind exposure after sweating from exertion. Its manifestations and treatment are similar to those of "Chi", but one must ascertain which organ is damaged by exhaustion. If it is due to Kidney Qi deficiency, it is termed Kidney Lao Feng, and treatment should be tailored to the specific symptoms.

Commentary: During the onset of "Chi", the entire body trembles and shakes. This is caused by Qi and Blood deficiency combined with Phlegm-Fire, analogous to fire causing rotation. Fire dries substances, leading to insufficiency of Qi and Body Fluids. People who do not understand this mistake it for Wind and use Wind-dispelling herbs. Since Wind can overcome Dampness, this approach exacerbates the existing deficiency. This condition often arises post-illness or post-sweating, where Blood fails to nourish the sinews. It must never be treated as a Wind disorder using purely Wind-dispelling herbs. The *Yu Kui Mi Yue* states: Do not merely treat Wind, do not merely treat Dryness; once Fire is resolved, Wind and Dryness will also resolve. Fire is the root of Wind and Dryness. By treating Fire, one disperses Wind and moistens Dryness, leaving no room for Wind or Dryness. Therefore, "Chi" should be treated by tonifying Qi and Body Fluids while simultaneously dispersing Phlegm-Fire. [Zhang] frequently uses *Shiquan Dabu Tang* (Complete and Great Tonifying Decoction) with a small addition of *Fuzi* (Prepared Aconite Root). This leverages the properties of *Renshen* (Ginseng Root) to tonify Defensive Qi and guides the properties of *Danggui* (Angelica Sinensis Root) and *Dihuang* (Rehmannia Root) to nourish Nutritive Qi. Consequently, internal Wind and Fire subside spontaneously, and "Chi" heals without direct intervention.

The sinews of the human body follow the meridians and extend throughout the body. When Internal Qi and Blood are deficient, external pathogens such as Wind, Cold, Dampness, and Heat invade. Wind scatters Qi, resulting in sweating without aversion to cold, termed "Rou Chi" (Flaccid Spasm). Cold congeals Blood, resulting in no sweat and aversion to cold, termed "Gang Chi" (Rigid Spasm). Investigating the causes, these often stem from blood loss, leaving sinews without nourishment, allowing pathogens to attack. Thus, excessive sweating or purgation in *Shanghan* (Cold Damage), sweating in patients with sores/ulcers, and excessive sweating postpartum can lead to this disease. Pulse diagnosis typically reveals deep, hidden, wiry, and tight pulses. If Yang is lax and Yin is tense, chronic contracture ensues; if Yin is lax and Yang is tense, opisthotonos and rigidity occur. These two conditions are distinct and must be differentiated.

Medical texts state: Applying purgation to Wind diseases leads to "Chi"; if sweating is induced subsequently, contracture will definitely occur. It also states: Patients with sores/ulcers may have body pain, but sweating should not be induced; if sweating occurs, "Chi" results. This indicates that "Chi" is often caused by improper sweating or purgation, evolving from mismanaged cases, clearly showing it is not solely due to external transmission of Wind, Cold, and Dampness. If caused by Wind, Cold, and Dampness, a floating and moderate pulse indicates sweating, while a floating and tight pulse indicates no sweating. A deep and fine pulse suggests Dampness injury.

Commentary: "Feng Chu" (Wind-induced convulsion) is fundamentally different from "Chi". "Chi" belongs to Dampness, but extreme Earth inevitably involves the transformational movement of Wood (Wind). "Feng Chu" belongs to Wood; when Wood is hyperactive, it exhibits the form of Metal dryness and contraction. Hence, it is said that all Wind diseases causing tremors and vertigo, involving bending, straightening, and shaking, are functions of Wood-Wind. Yang governs movement; Yin governs stillness. When Fire is excessive and controls Metal, Metal becomes weak and cannot pacify Wood, leading to Wood hyperactivity and self-disease. This situation warrants emetic and purgative therapies. Although this cannot be discussed identically to "Chi", it serves as evidence for internal Wind-Heat generating "Chi".

Excessive sweating in *Shanghan* (Cold Damage) often results in "Jing" (Spasm). If there is fever in the body but cold feet, neck stiffness, aversion to cold, heat in the head, facial swelling, red eyes, head shaking, lockjaw, and back arching, it is Taiyang Jing (Spasm of the Taiyang Meridian). If the head is lowered, gaze directed downward, limbs pulled, and elbows meet the ribs, it is Yangming Jing (Spasm of the Yangming Meridian). If one eye deviates laterally, accompanied by convulsions in one hand and foot, it is Shaoyang Jing (Spasm of the Shaoyang Meridian). Treatment principles: For exterior cases with no sweating, induce sweating; with sweating, stop it. Yangming Jing, being interior, requires purgation. Shaoyang Jing, being half-exterior and half-interior, requires harmonization. This follows the principle of treating according to the affected meridian.