，将弦头略软二分，蘸驴胶，入耳粘出。凡卧不宜浓被覆塞耳气，久则不通，故养生者，常
摩耳廓，以防聋也。
鼻
鼻塞须知问久新，
鼻窍于肺，而能知香臭者，心也。人身水升火降，荣卫调和，则鼻司呼吸，往来
不息而已。苟或寒伤皮毛，则鼻塞不利；火郁清道，则香臭不知。新者，偶感风寒，鼻寒声
重，流涕喷嚏，宜以风寒治之，九味羌活汤、参苏饮、消风百解散。久则，略感风寒，鼻塞
等证便发，乃肺伏火邪，郁甚则喜热恶寒，故略感冒，而内火便发，宜清金降火，兼通气
之剂，凉膈散加荆芥、白芷，或川芎石膏散。又有不必外感，四时鼻塞干燥，不闻香臭，宜
清金降火消痰之药，清气化痰丸、上清丸。古方，鼻塞甚者，御寒汤、澄茄丸；不知香臭者
，通气汤；内有硬物者，单南星饮、贴囟荜茇饼，外用石菖蒲皂角等分为末，绵包塞鼻，仰
卧片时；虚寒者，通草丸。
久成鼽衄渊流津；
鼻乃清气出入之道，清气者，胃中生发之气也。鼻塞久则气壅不转，热郁于脑，
清浊混乱，为鼽、为衄、为渊。鼽者，鼻流清涕，热微，二陈汤加芎、归、细辛、白芷、防
风、羌活、桔梗等分，姜煎，入薄荷少许。久不止者，芷荑散去薄荷，加荆芥、黄芩、神曲
、南星、半夏等分，食后煎服，外用细辛膏。渊者，鼻流浊涕，热盛，金沸草散倍黄芩，入
凤凰壳一枚，烧存性调服。肺风，消风散加发灰。肺火流涕，咳吐脓血，桔梗汤、人参平肺
散。胆移热于脑，流涕浊臭，防风通圣散加薄荷、黄连，或芷荑散，外用苍耳根、茎、苗子
烧灰，醋调涂鼻内。有流臭黄水者，甚则脑亦作痛，俗名脑砂。有虫食脑中，用丝瓜藤近根
五尺，烧存性为末，酒调服；虚者，川乌散，外用白牛尾毛、橙叶等分为末，吹鼻中；倘有
血出，加山栀亦不妨。衄者，鼻流清血，鼻渊久则必衄，防风散主之，详后衄血。
伤酒鼻 伤热痛，
鼻，准头红也，甚则紫黑。因饮酒血热入肺，复被风
寒郁久，则血凝浊而色赤
，或不饮者，乃肺风血热。俱宜四物二陈汤去半夏，加红花，黄芩，水煎入酒少许，调五灵
脂末服，气虚加黄 。常宜服单山栀丸，或黄连阿胶丸，间用升麻和气饮，吞泻青丸以除病
根。外用黄连末、天吊藤烧灰，桐油调敷，或硫粉散。鼻痛，因风邪入鼻，与正气相搏，鼻
道不通故痛，藿香正气散、祛风通气散。有痰水冲肺者，鼻膈隐痛，二陈汤加黄芩、山栀、
桔梗、麦门冬。
鼻疮鼻痔热同因；
轻为鼻疮，重为鼻痔，皆肺热也。鼻中生疮者，枇杷叶煎汤候冷，调消风散，食
后服，忌煎、炒、姜、蒜热物。外用辛荑为末，入脑、麝少许，绵裹塞鼻。鼻痔，肺气热极
，日久凝浊，结成 肉如枣，滞塞鼻瓮。甚者，又名鼻
，宜防风通圣散，加三棱、海藻末调服。外用辛荑为君，细辛、杏仁少许为末，和羊髓
、猪脂熬膏候冷，入雄黄、白矾、轻粉、麝香少许为丸，绵裹塞鼻，数日即脱。甚者加 砂
少许，或瓜矾散亦妙。又食积热痰生痔者，单苍耳丸，内服外敷，最消食积；或用白矾二钱
，细辛一钱，白芷五分，为末塞鼻。
疏风降火真要法，
风寒外感者，温以散之。风热有自内郁者，或外感久则郁而为热，或内因饮食
、衣服过暖，肝热生风，亦鼻塞流涕，宜降火清金。
久宜养血补肾真。
凡鼻涕鼽、渊鼽，久甚不愈者，非心血亏，则肾水少，养血则血生，而火自降；
补肾则水升，而金自清，虽鼻疮、痔久亦宜。又鼻寒久不愈者，必内伤肺胃，清气不能上升
，非外感也，宜补中益气汤以和之，此皆治本之论。
口舌唇
口病有热亦有虚，
心主舌，脾主唇、口，然心脾二气恒相通也。
心劳味浓病根株；
心贵安静，七情烦忧过度，则心火炎盛，加之饮食浓味积热，而口生疮或臭。劳
心者，犀角琥珀膏。心劳味浓者，气出腥臭，唾涕稠粘，口干舌燥，泻白散，加桔梗、知母
、
麦门冬、黄芩、五味子。痰热，浅者薄荷煎，深者五福化毒丹。
热极偏胜口糜烂，
热甚，一脏偏胜，则口味失常。心热，口苦生疮，凉膈散、黄连阿胶丸；肝热，
口酸而苦，小柴胡汤加龙胆草、青皮、甘草；甚者，当归龙荟丸。谋虑不决，胆虚口苦，人
参
、远志、茯神、甘草为君，柴胡、龙胆草为使，甚者肾气丸；脾热，口甘或臭，泻黄散
、四
顺清凉饮、甘露饮、三黄丸；肺热口辛，甘桔汤、泻白散；肾热口咸，滋肾丸。然肝移于胆
则口亦苦，木乘脾则口亦酸，胃热或淡或甘，肾化火则苦而甘。要之，热胜则苦，寒胜则
咸，宿食则酸，烦躁则涩，虚则淡，疸则甘，劳郁伤肺则口臭。口糜，膀胱移热小肠，溺涩
虚热，口疮糜烂者，柴胡、地骨皮等分，水煎服。甚者，加硝、黄；心胃壅热，水谷不化者
，
导赤散合四苓散；如热盛并大便不通，脐痛喘急，口疮溃烂者，泻白汤；血热者，鸡苏丸。
中虚炎上亦难哺；
口疮久不愈，服凉药反甚者，乃虚炎上攻，中焦不足，理中汤，甚者加附子；下
虚甚者，秘传降气汤，吞黑锡丹二十丸；阴虚者，四物汤，加知、柏，或补阴丸；年久不愈
者
，黑参丸。
外治仍分疮赤白，
口中疮赤者，心热，用枯矾末糁之，或噙良久，水漱又噙。口中疮白者，肺热，
用黄柏、荜茇等分为末，酣调搽，水漱。口疮赤白者，心肺俱热，用玄胡索一钱，黄柏、
黄连各五分，青黛、陀僧各二钱为末，频糁之，或单文蛤末亦好；夏月，西瓜水徐徐饮之。
虚炎口疮者，甘草、干姜和匀，细嚼噙之。上热下寒者，黄连、干姜等分，噙且服之。口牙
疳疮，用山栀去仁，填白矾，入柳叶，火中 为末，吹入口中。口吻生疮自烂者，槟榔烧灰
，入轻粉少许，干糁。小儿口疮不食，以狐惑治之必死，用白矾煎汤浸脚，半日顿宽，更以
黄柏、僵蚕为末敷之。口疮疼痛，用巴豆半枚，生研和米饭一豆大，杵和贴印堂对眉间，
约半刻许，觉红就去，不可泡起，小儿减半用之。
秽气含香暂可除。
虚火郁热，蕴于胸中，乃作口臭，因与前同，外用川芎、白芷等分，蜜丸含化，
或香附子亦可。
舌病内外因可详，
心之本脉，系于舌根；脾之络，系于舌两旁；肝脉循阴器，络于舌本；肾于津液
，出于舌端。分布五脏，心实主之，故曰∶诸经皆会于口。
外因强短内肿长；
外感风寒传经者，则舌苔自白而黄而黑者，死；卒中者，则舌强而短，舌卷不言
者，死。大概风用小续命汤，寒用理中汤，热用甘桔汤加防风、枳壳、黄芩。风寒湿舌强者
，用白矾、肉桂末等分安舌下，或四卷正舌药。内因七情气郁，肿满不得息者，金沸
草散；久不愈者，黑参丸，外用古霜盐散；因怒者，单锈铁粉涂之。舌肿满口
，气不得吐者
，名木舌，用陈茶、陈白梅，入巴豆七枚，同捣成膏，薄荷水调刷口中，得下咽片时，即下
一二行，以粥补住。如生疮连腮颊肿者，玄参升麻汤。舌肿满口不能声，饮食不通者，名重
舌
，用蒲黄频刷舌上自退。如不能咽药，即以黄连浓煎，时时呷之，以泻心火。舌肿如猪胞者
，以针刺舌下两傍大脉，血出即消，切勿刺中脉，令血不止，误刺以火烧铜筋烙之，血再不
止者，死。或酣调锅煤，敷舌上下，脱去再敷，须臾自消，不食者，亦死。舌肿，舌下有虫
如蛄蝼、卧蚕，头小白有尾，可烧铁烙烙舌头上即消。舌长过寸者，单冰片末敷之。
肾虚（火色）淡黑（一二点，宜以生姜蜜水洗红后
，
用补肾兼痰火药）肺痰胀，
肝衄（痰热，舌强壅肿，或短，甘露饮。肝热舌出血如泉，单槐花末
糁之）心脾裂作疮。
心热生疮破裂，单黄连煎汤服；脾热舌苔干涩如雪，薄荷蜜、冰 丸；心脾热者
，升麻葛根汤加薄荷、黄芩、桔梗。
唇属脾家病几般，风 （动）寒掀（缩）热裂干；
血虚无色气疮肿，茧唇不食疗应难。
茧唇紧小，不能开合，饮食不得，不急治则死，外用青皮烧灰，猪脂调搽，仍将
青皮灰末，每一钱，酒调服之。又方，用乱发、蜂房、六畜毛烧灰，猪脂调搽，或橄榄烧灰
，或黄柏散。内治，实者，泻黄散；虚
者，菊睛丸；肿者，
薏苡仁汤。
牙齿
牙齿属肾胃大肠，
牙齿骨属，肾之标也，精完则齿坚，肾衰则齿豁，虚热则齿动。足阳明胃络脉入
齿上缝，止而不动地，喜寒饮而恶热饮。手阳明大肠络脉入齿下缝，动而不休，喜热饮而恶寒
饮。
肾虚滋阴肠胃凉。
多因饮食、色欲过度，以致湿热上攻，口涌酸水，则牙床下清，而为肿、为痛，
或出血，或生虫，动摇黑烂脱落。大抵齿龈宣露动摇者，肾元虚也，宜滋阴补肾，八味丸、
三味安肾丸、虎潜丸；恶寒热而口臭秽者，肠胃热也，宜凉药泻火祛风，清胃散。
开口便知风与热，
风牙因肠胃原有风邪，更袭外风入齿作痛，故开口吸风则痛甚，独活散、消风散
。风热因外风与内热相搏，齿龈肿痛，加之脓汁臭者，犀角升麻汤，或用石膏一两，火 酒
淬，防风、荆芥、细辛、白芷各五分，为末，随时水煎一二服，甚效。风冷入于齿龈，不肿
不蛀，日渐动摇者，温风散。热牙因肠胃积热，开口臭秽难近者，败毒散加荆、防、升麻、
石
膏，或调胃承气汤蜜丸服；如肠胃素积湿热，偶被风寒冷冻饮料郁于齿间作痛者，当归龙胆散。
虚热攻冲，龈肉肿痛，口舌生疮，宜柴胡、地骨皮等分，薄荷减半，水煎热漱冷吐，或服之
亦好。历年齿痛黑烂脱落，必口吸凉稍止者，乃粱湿热之火也，调胃承气汤加黄连下之，
或用升麻、白芷、防风、荆芥、薄荷、桔梗、甘草等分，水煎服。
客寒犯脑痛难当。
寒气犯脑，及风邪凑袭，脑项筋痛，动摇肉脱者，白芷汤、羌活黑附汤。
挟咳毒痰钻掣血，
痰热毒瓦斯，攻注齿痛者，外证咳唾，二陈汤加细辛、枳壳、姜、枣、乌梅，仍以
姜黄、荜茇等分，煎汤候温，以舌浸内，涎自流出。瘀血因风热上攻头面，搏血令齿间血瘀
不消，钻刺掣痛，甘露饮加升麻，或犀角地黄汤。
龈有黑点被虫伤。
凡饮食不能洁齿，臭腐之气淹渍日久，兼之风热上攻，齿龈有孔生虫，蚀一齿尽
，又度其余，至如疳 ，皆其种类，必杀虫而后痛止，神功丸取牙
虫。
牙宣之因只有二，
牙缝流血，风热者，消风散加芒硝，内服外擦；肾虚炎者，四物汤加升麻，或牡
丹皮、知母、黄柏；阴虚气郁者，四物汤加香附、侧柏叶、牛膝，外敷绿袍散，或香盐散常
擦。变骨蚀风，出血骨露者，玉池散。疳 出血多者，用生竹茹二两，醋煮含之。
走马疳参小儿方（溺白散）。
外治必兼辛温药，
牙痛本因湿热，标被风冷所郁，故内服辛凉以治其本，外宜辛温以治其标，通用
擦牙方、谢传失笑散、肾虚胃热方、风虫牙疼方、延平方、劫痛方、乌须固齿方、消齿壅法
、取牙不犯手方。
擦牙选须擦牙床。
凡遇日月蚀未平时，勿进饮食，误食多患齿疾。养生家晨兴叩齿，永无齿疾。以
上五岳并咽喉，谓之杂科。
痛风
痛风历节分怯勇，
形怯瘦者，多内因血虚有火；形肥勇者，多外因风湿生痰。以其循历遍身，曰历
节
风。甚如虎咬，曰白虎风。痛必夜甚者，血行于阴也。
痛多兼肿或不肿。
痛多痰火，肿多风湿。然痰火虽内因六欲七情，或病后亡津，血热已自沸滕，亦
必略感外邪，而后发动，骨节痛极，久则手足蜷挛；风湿虽外因涉冷从湿，当风取凉，然亦
必血热而后凝滞污浊，所以作痛，甚则身体块瘰。痰火、风湿全者，古龙虎丹主之。
详分上下与周身，
伤寒周身节痛，乃风寒侵入肌骨。杂病周身痛者，乃风痰壅滞，二陈汤加南星、
羌活、苍术、白芷、酒芩、竹沥、姜汁，或挟瘀血者，再加桃仁、红花；湿痰瘀血，周身
两胁走痛者，控涎丹加桃仁泥为丸，或小胃丹下之。如半身不遂，及左右手足蜷挛者，乌
头汤微汗之。虚者，地仙丹（详中风门）。上体痛者，宜祛风热豁痰，二陈汤主之。痰热客太
阳，颈项强，动则微痛者，加酒芩、羌活、红花。湿痰钻注肢节痛者，加二术、威灵仙、干
姜、黄柏、羌活、白芍；结阳肢肿者，倍加黄芩。湿痰横行，手臂痛，加南星、苍术、酒芩
、香附、威灵仙；臂重难举者，加二术、羌活、桂枝、威灵仙、黄芩；臂软难举者，加南星
、枳实、木香、姜黄。如臂痛不能举，或连指掌肿痛者，舒经汤。肩忽痛者，小柴胡汤去半
夏，加防风、当归、生地、大黄、黄连、滑石。肩背痛，因食积者，单龟板为丸，姜汤下
。肩腿痛者，用龟板一两，侧柏叶、香附各五钱，白芥子、凌霄花各一钱半，为末，酒糊丸
，四物汤加甘草、陈皮煎汤下。背心常一片冰冷者，导痰汤合苏子降气汤。下体痛者，宜流
(Ears) Soften the tip of the needle slightly by two fen, dip it in donkey-hide glue (Lüjiao), and insert it into the ear to extract foreign bodies. When sleeping, one should not cover the ears with thick quilts to block the airflow, as this will lead to obstruction over time. Therefore, those who practice health preservation often massage the auricle to prevent deafness.
Nose
When dealing with nasal congestion, one must distinguish between recent and chronic onset.
The nasal orifice connects to the Lung, while the ability to perceive odors belongs to the Heart. In the human body, when water ascends and fire descends, and Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) are harmonious, the nose governs respiration, flowing endlessly. If cold pathogenic factors damage the skin and hair pores, nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing occur; if fire stagnates in the clear pathways (respiratory tract), the sense of smell is lost. Recent cases are due to accidental exposure to wind-cold, causing cold sensation in the nose, heavy voice, runny nose, and sneezing; these should be treated for wind-cold using formulas such as Jiwei Qianghuo Decoction (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygia Decoction), Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink), or Xiaofeng Baijie San (Wind-Dispersing Hundred-Release Powder). Chronic cases involve slight exposure to wind-cold triggering symptoms like nasal congestion; this indicates latent fire pathogens in the Lung. Severe stagnation leads to a preference for heat and aversion to cold. Thus, even slight cold exposure triggers internal fire; treatment should focus on clearing Metal (Lung) and descending fire, combined with agents that unblock qi, such as Liangge San (Cool the Chest Powder) added with Jingjie (Schizonepeta) and Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica), or Chuanxiong Shigao San (Ligusticum and Gypsum Powder). There are also cases without external contraction, featuring seasonal nasal congestion and dryness with loss of smell; these require herbs that clear Metal, descend fire, and resolve phlegm, such as Qingqi Huatan Wan (Clear Qi and Resolve Phlegm Pill) or Shangqing Wan (Upper Clear Pill). Ancient prescriptions for severe nasal congestion include Yuhan Tang (Imperial Cold-Avoiding Decoction) and Chengqie Wan (Civet Pill); for loss of smell, Tongqi Tang (Unblocking Qi Decoction); for hard objects inside, Dan Nanxing Yin (Single Arisaema Drink) or Bi Bo Bing (Bi Bo Cake applied to fontanelle). Externally, equal parts of Shichangpu (Acorus) and Zaojiao (Tamarisk Fruit) can be powdered, wrapped in cotton, inserted into the nostrils, and the patient lies supine for a moment. For deficiency-cold types, Tongcao Wan (Tetrapanax Pill) is used.
Chronic conditions evolve into Rhinorrhea (Qiu), Epistaxis (Nu), and Nasal Sinusitis (Yuan), stemming from fluid depletion.
The nose is the pathway for clear qi, which originates from the stomach's ascending energy. Prolonged nasal congestion causes qi stagnation, heat accumulation in the brain, and confusion of clear and turbid energies, resulting in Qiu, Nu, and Yuan. Qiu refers to clear nasal discharge with mild heat; treat with Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) added with Chuanxiong (Ligusticum), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Xixin (Asarum), Baizhi, Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia), and Qianghuo (Notopterygium) in equal parts, decocted with ginger and a little mint. If persistent, use Zhiyi San (Magnolia and Tallowtree Powder) removing mint, adding Jingjie, Huangqin (Scutellaria), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Nanxing (Arisaema), and Banxia (Pinellia) in equal parts, taken after meals, with Xixin ointment applied externally. Yuan refers to turbid nasal discharge with intense heat; treat with Jinfeicao San (Boiling Herb Powder) doubling Huangqin, adding one Phoenix Shell (Fenghuang Ke) calcined and mixed for administration. For Lung Wind, use Xiaofeng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder) added with burnt hair. For Lung Fire with discharge, coughing up pus and blood, use Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) or Renshen Pingfei San (Ginseng Lung-Calming Powder). If Gallbladder heat transfers to the brain, causing turbid and foul-smelling discharge, use Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Universal Rescue Powder) added with Bohe (Mint) and Huanglian (Coptis), or Zhiyi San. Externally, burn roots, stems, and leaves of Xier (Xanthium), mix with vinegar, and apply inside the nose. For foul yellow water discharge, possibly accompanied by headache (commonly known as Brain Sand), use dried loofah vine near the root (five chi length), calcined, powdered, and taken with wine. For deficiency, use Chuanwu San (Aconite Powder); externally, powder equal parts white cattle tail hair and orange leaves, insufflate into the nose. If bleeding occurs, add Zhizi (Gardenia). Nu refers to clear bloody discharge; chronic Yuan inevitably leads to Nu, treated primarily with Fangfeng San (see Epistaxis section later).
Alcohol-Injured Nose
Pain and redness result from heat injury; the nose tip turns red, or purple-black in severe cases. This is caused by blood heat entering the Lung from alcohol consumption, compounded by long-term stagnation of wind-cold, leading to turbid blood coagulation and redness. In non-drinkers, it is due to Lung wind and blood heat. Treat all with Siwu Erchen Tang (Four Substances and Two-Aged Decoction) removing Banxia, adding Honghua (Safflower) and Huangqin, decocted in water with a little wine, mixed with Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Feces) powder. Add Huangqi (Astragalus) for Qi deficiency. Regularly take Danshanzhi Wan (Single Gardenia Pill) or Huanglian Ejiao Wan (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Glue Pill), occasionally using Shengma Heqi Yin (Bupleurum and Harmonizing Qi Drink) swallowed with Xieqing Wan (Draining Green Pill) to eliminate the root cause. Externally, apply Huanglian powder or Tian Diao Teng (Loftvine) ash mixed with tung oil, or Liu Fen San (Sulfur Powder). Nasal pain caused by wind pathogen invading the nose and struggling with healthy qi, blocking the nasal passage, is treated with Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Patchouli Regulating Qi Powder) or Qufeng Tongqi San (Wind-Dispelling and Qi-Unblocking Powder). For phlegm-water rushing to the Lung causing dull pain in the nasal septum, use Erchen Tang added with Huangqin, Zhizi (Gardenia), Jiegeng, and Maidong (Ophiopogon).
Nasal Sores and Polyps
Light cases are nasal sores; severe cases are nasal polyps, both caused by Lung heat. For nasal sores, decoct Pipaye (Loquat Leaf), cool it, mix with Xiaofeng San, and take after meals. Avoid fried, roasted, ginger, and garlic foods. Externally, powder Xin Yi (Magnolia Bud), add a little Borneol and Musk, wrap in cotton, and insert into the nose. For nasal polyps, extreme Lung heat causes turbidity to condense over time, forming fleshy growths like dates, blocking the nasal cavity. Severe cases, also called Bi Weng (Nasal Obstruction), are treated with Fangfeng Tongsheng San added with Sanleng (Sparganium) and Haizao (Sargassum) powder. Externally, use Xin Yi as the chief herb, with small amounts of Xixin and Xingren (Apricot Seed) powdered, boiled with sheep marrow and lard into an ointment, cooled, then mixed with Xionghuang (Realgar), Baifan (Alum), Qingfen (Calomel), and Musk to form pills. Wrap in cotton and insert into the nose; they will fall off in a few days. For severe cases, add a little Naosha (Sal Ammoniac), or Guafan San (Melon Alum Powder) is also effective. For polyps caused by food stagnation and hot phlegm, use Dan Cang'er Wan (Single Xanthium Pill) internally and externally to best resolve food stagnation; or use 2 qian Baifan, 1 qian Xixin, and 0.5 qian Baizhi as powder for nasal insertion.
Dispersing Wind and Descending Fire is the Essential Method;
For external wind-cold contraction, use warming methods to disperse it. For wind-heat originating from internal stagnation, or external contraction lingering into heat, or internal causes like rich diet and excessive warmth causing Liver heat generating wind (leading to nasal congestion and discharge), one should descend fire and clear Metal.
Nourishing Blood and Tonifying Kidney is the True Root for Chronic Cases;
For chronic, untreatable rhinorrhea, Qiu, and Yuan, whether due to Heart Blood deficiency or Kidney Water insufficiency: nourishing Blood generates blood and naturally descends fire; tonifying Kidney raises Water and naturally clears Metal. This applies even to chronic nasal sores and polyps. Furthermore, chronic nasal coldness indicates internal injury to Lung and Stomach, where clear Qi fails to ascend, not an external contraction; treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Center-Supplementing and Qi-Elevating Decoction) to harmonize. These are theories addressing the root.
Mouth, Tongue, Lips
Mouth diseases involve Heat and Deficiency.
The Heart governs the tongue; the Spleen governs the lips and mouth. However, Heart and Spleen Qi are constantly interconnected.
Heart Strain from Rich Flavors Becomes the Root of Disease.
The Heart values tranquility. Excessive emotional worry flares Heart Fire. Combined with accumulated heat from rich flavors in diet, mouth ulcers or bad breath occur. For mental strain, use Xijiao Hupo Gao (Rhinoceros Horn and Amber Ointment). For heart strain with rich flavors, characterized by fishy odor, thick saliva/mucus, dry mouth/tongue, use Xiebai San (Drain White Powder) added with Jiegeng, Zhimu (Anemarrhena), Maidong, Huangqin, and Wuweizi (Schisandra). For shallow phlegm-heat, decoct Bohe (Mint); for deep phlegm-heat, use Wufu Huadu Dan (Five Blessings Toxin-Resolving Pellet).
Extreme Heat Dominance Causes Mouth Ulceration.
Severe heat causes one Zang organ to dominate, altering taste perception. Heart Heat: bitter taste, ulcers; treat with Liangge San or Huanglian Ejiao Wan. Liver Heat: sour and bitter taste; treat with Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Longdancao (Gentian), Qingpi (Aged Tangerine Peel), and Gancao (Licorice). Severe cases: Danggui Longhui Wan (Angelica and Berberine Pill). Indecision causing Gallbladder deficiency and bitter taste: Ren Shen, Yuanzhi, Fushen, Gancao as chief herbs; Chaihu, Longdancao as guiding herbs. Severe cases: Shenqi Wan. Spleen Heat: sweet or foul taste; treat with Xiehuang San, Sishun Qingliang Yin, Ganlu Yin, or Sanhuang Wan. Lung Heat: pungent taste; treat with Ganjie Tang or Xiebai San. Kidney Heat: salty taste; treat with Zishen Wan. Note: Liver heat transferring to Gallbladder causes bitterness; Wood overcoming Spleen causes sourness; Stomach heat causes blandness or sweetness; Kidney transforming into fire causes bitterness and sweetness. Generally: Heat dominance brings bitterness; Cold dominance brings saltiness; Retained food brings sourness; Irritability brings astringency; Deficiency brings blandness; Jaundice brings sweetness; Labor/Stagnation injuring Lung brings bad breath. Mouth ulceration (Kou Mi) from Bladder heat transferring to Small Intestine, with difficult urination and deficient heat: decoct Chaihu and Digupi (Groundsel Root) equally. Severe cases: add Xiaoshi (Niter) and Dahuang (Rhubarb). Heart/Stomach excess heat with indigestion: Daodi San combined with Siling San. If heat is severe with constipation, umbilical pain, panting, and ulceration: Xiebai Tang. Blood heat: Jisu Wan.
Middle Jiao Deficiency with Rising Inflamed Heat is Hard to Nurture.
If mouth ulcers persist and worsen with cooling medicines, it is deficient fire attacking upward due to Middle Jiao insufficiency. Use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); severe cases add Fuzi (Aconite). Severe Lower Jiao deficiency: Michuan Jiangqi Tang, swallow 20 Heixi Dan (Black Tin Pills). Yin deficiency: Siwu Tang added with Zhimu and Huangbai, or Buyin Wan. Chronic cases: Heishen Wan.
External Treatment Still Differentiates Red and White Sores.
Red mouth sores indicate Heart Heat; sprinkle Kufan (Burnt Alum) powder, hold in mouth for a long time, rinse with water, and repeat. White mouth sores indicate Lung Heat; powder equal parts Huangbai (Phellodendron) and Bibo (Pepper), mix with honey, apply, and rinse. Red and white sores indicate Heart and Lung Heat; powder 1 qian Yanhusuo (Corydalis), 0.5 qian each of Huangbai and Huanglian, 2 qian each of Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) and Tuoseng (Lead Monoxide), sprinkle frequently. Alternatively, use single Wenhai (Clam Shell) powder. In summer, drink watermelon juice slowly. For deficient fire ulcers, chew Gancao (Licorice) and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) evenly. Upper Heat/Lower Cold: equal parts Huanglian and Ganjiang, hold and swallow. Gum disease (Ya Gan): remove kernel from Zhizi, fill with Baifan, insert willow leaf, calcine in fire, powder, and insufflate. Cracked corners of mouth: burn Binglang (Areca Nut), add little Qingfen, sprinkle dry. Pediatric mouth ulcers refusing food: treating as Huhu disease leads to death; soak feet in Baifan decoction for half a day for relief, then apply Huangbai and Jiangcan (Silkworm) powder. Painful mouth ulcers: grind half a Badou (Croton Seed) raw, mix with rice-sized ball of rice paste, apply to Yintang (between eyebrows) for about half a ke (15 mins); remove when red, do not blister. Halve dose for children.
Foul Odor Can Be Temporarily Removed with Fragrant Herbs.
Deficient fire and stagnant heat accumulating in the chest cause bad breath. Externally, equal parts Chuanxiong and Baizhi, formed into pills with honey to dissolve in mouth, or Xiangfu (Cyperus) may be used.
Tongue Diseases: Internal and External Causes Detailed.
The Heart's main vessel connects to the tongue root; the Spleen's collateral connects to the sides of the tongue; the Liver vessel circulates through the genitalia and connects to the tongue base; the Kidney governs fluids emerging at the tongue tip. Distributing among the Five Zang organs, the Heart truly governs them, hence "All meridians converge at the mouth."
External Causes Cause Stiff/Short Tongue; Internal Causes Cause Swollen/Long Tongue.
External wind-cold transmitting through meridions: tongue coating turns white, then yellow, then black (fatal). Stroke: stiff and short tongue, curled tongue unable to speak (fatal). Generally: Wind uses Xiao Xuming Tang; Cold uses Lizhong Tang; Heat uses Ganjie Tang added with Fangfeng, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), and Huangqin. Wind-Cold-Dampness causing stiffness: place equal parts Kufan and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) under the tongue, or use Four-Roll Tongue-Correcting Medicine. Internal Seven Emotions/Qi stagnation causing swelling and suffocation: Jinfeicao San. Chronic cases: Heishen Wan, externally Guyansan Salt Powder. Anger-induced: paint with Rusty Iron Powder. Tongue swollen filling mouth, unable to protrude: named Mutong (Wood Tongue). Paste aged tea, aged white plum, and seven Badou seeds, mix with mint water, brush mouth; after swallowing, induce one or two bowel movements, replenish with congee. If sores spread to cheeks: Xuanshen Shengma Tang. Tongue swollen filling mouth, unable to speak or eat: named Chongshe (Double Tongue). Brush Pulhuang (Polygonum Hydropiper Spore) frequently on tongue until receding. If unable to swallow medicine, decoct Huanglian strongly and sip frequently to drain Heart Fire. Tongue swollen like pig bladder: prick large vessels on both sides under the tongue; blood release resolves swelling. Do not pierce main vessels causing uncontrollable bleeding; if mistakenly pierced, cauterize with heated copper wire. If bleeding continues, fatal. Alternatively, mix potsoot with honey, apply above and below tongue; replace until resolved. If patient cannot eat, fatal. Worms under tongue resembling mole or silkworm (white head, dark tail): cauterize tongue surface with hot iron to resolve. Tongue extending over one cun: apply single Bingpian (Borneol) powder.
Kidney Deficiency (Fire Color) Pale Black (One or two spots, wash red with Ginger-Honey water, then use Kidney-Tonifying and Phlegm-Fire resolving herbs); Lung Phlegm Swelling; Liver Bleeding (Phlegm-Heat, stiff/swollen/short tongue, Ganlu Yin. Liver Heat tongue bleeding like a spring, sprinkle single Huaihua powder); Heart/Spleen Cracking into Sores.
Heart Heat causing cracked sores: decoct Huanglian alone and drink. Spleen Heat tongue coating dry/astringent like snow: Bohe Honey/Bingpian Pill. Heart/Spleen Heat: Shengma Gegen Tang added with Bohe, Huangqin, Jiegeng.
Lips Belong to Spleen Diseases: Several Types. Wind causes movement; Cold causes retraction; Heat causes cracking/dryness; Blood Deficiency causes lack of color; Qi causes sores/swelling; Callous Lip (Jianchun) is hard to cure without diet/lifestyle change.
Callous lip is tight/small, unable to open/close, preventing eating; if not treated urgently, fatal. Externally: burn Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), mix with lard to apply. Also take 1 qian Qingpi ash with wine. Another method: burn human hair, bee comb, livestock hair, mix with lard; or burn olive, or use Huangbai San. Internally: Excess type, Xiehuang San; Deficiency type, Juqing Wan; Swollen type, Yiyiren Tang.
Teeth
Teeth belong to Kidney, Stomach, and Large Intestine.
Teeth are the exterior manifestation of Bone/Kidney. Essence complete means firm teeth; Kidney decline means loose teeth; Deficient Heat means mobile teeth. Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian enters upper gum, stops immovable, prefers cold drinks, dislikes hot. Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian enters lower gum, moves continuously, prefers hot drinks, dislikes cold.
Kidney Deficiency requires Nourishing Yin; Stomach/Intestines require Cooling.
Often due to excessive diet or sexual activity, causing Damp-Heat to attack upward, sour water surging in mouth, gums recede, leading to swelling, pain, bleeding, worms, mobility, blackening, rotting, and shedding. Generally, exposed/mobile gums indicate Kidney Yuan deficiency; treat by nourishing Yin and tonifying Kidney with Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill), Sanwei Anshen Wan, or Huqian Wan. Aversion to cold/heat with foul breath indicates Stomach/Intestine Heat; treat with cooling herbs to drain fire and dispel wind, such as Qingwei San.
Opening Mouth Reveals Wind vs. Heat.
Wind Toothache: pre-existing wind pathogen in Stomach/Intestines plus external wind invasion causes pain; opening mouth to inhale wind exacerbates pain. Treat with Duhuo San or Xiaofeng San. Wind-Heat: external wind struggles with internal heat, causing gum swelling/pain and foul pus. Treat with Xijiao Shengma Tang, or 1 liang Shigao (Gypsum) quenched in fire wine, plus 0.5 qian each of Fangfeng, Jingjie, Xixin, Baizhi, powdered, decocted in water, highly effective. Wind-Cold in gums, no swelling/cavities, gradual mobility: Wenfeng San. Heat Toothache: Stomach/Intestine accumulated heat, foul breath, hard to approach. Treat with Baidu San added with Jing, Fang, Shengma, Shigao, or Tiaowei Chengqi Tang honey pills. If Stomach/Intestines have damp-heat aggravated by cold drinks/beverages: Danggui Longdan San. Deficient Heat attacking, gum swelling/pain, mouth ulcers: decoct equal parts Chaihu and Digupi, half amount Bohe, rinse hot/spit cold, or drink. Chronic toothache with blackening/shedding relieved by cold air: Grain Damp-Heat Fire. Purge with Tiaowei Chengqi Tang added with Huanglian. Or decoct equal parts Shengma, Baizhi, Fangfeng, Jingjie, Bohe, Jiegeng, Gancao.
Guest Cold Invading Brain Causes Unbearable Pain.
Cold invading brain, wind pathogen attacking, pain in brain/nape tendons, muscle wasting: Baizhi Tang or Qianghuo Heifu Tang.
Accompanied by Cough, Toxic Phlegm Drilling/Pulling Blood.
Phlegm-Heat toxins attacking toothache with external cough/sputum: Erchen Tang added with Xixin, Zhike, Ginger, Jujube, Wumei (Mume Fruit). Also decoct equal parts Jianghuang (Turmeric) and Bibo, warm, immerse tongue, saliva flows out. Blood stasis from Wind-Heat attacking head/face, clotting blood in teeth causing drilling/pulling pain: Ganlu Yin added with Shengma, or Xijiao Dihuang Tang.
Gum Black Spots Caused by Worms.
Poor dental hygiene, long-term immersion in foul decay, plus Wind-Heat attack, creates holes in gums breeding worms that destroy teeth completely. Types include Gan Shi (Gum Erosion). Must kill worms to stop pain. Shengong Wan extracts tooth worms.
Causes of Ya Xuan (Gum Recession) are Only Two.
Bleeding from gum gaps: Wind-Heat, Xiaofeng San added with Mangxiao (Mirabilite), internal/external use. Kidney Deficiency Fire, Siwu Tang added with Shengma, or Mudanpi, Zhimu, Huangbai. Yin Deficiency Qi Stagnation, Siwu Tang added with Xiangfu, Ce Baiye, Niuxi; externally apply Lvpaosan or Xiangyan San. Bone Erosion Wind with bleeding/exposed bone: Yuchi San. Severe Gan Shi bleeding: boil 2 liang Shengzhuru (Fresh Bamboo Shavings) in vinegar, hold in mouth. Zouma Gan (Running Horse Gangrene) refer to pediatric formula (Niobai San).
External Treatment Must Include Acrid-Warm Herbs.
Toothache root is Damp-Heat, branch is Wind-Cold stagnation. Internally use Acrid-Cool for root; externally use Acrid-Warm for branch. General formulas: Cayaya Fang, Xiechuan Shixiao San, Shenxu Weire Fang, Fengchong Yaten Fang, Yanping Fang, Jietong Fang, Wuxu Guchi Fang, Xiao Chi Yong Fa, Quya Bufanshou Fang.
Choosing Toothbrushing Targets the Gum Bed.
During solar/lunar eclipses, avoid eating; mistaken ingestion often causes dental disease. Health preservers tap teeth every morning to prevent dental issues. The above covers Five Mountains and Throat, termed Miscellaneous Departments.
Gout
Gout and Li Jie (Wandering Joint) differ by Weakness vs. Vigor.
Weak/thin individuals often have internal Blood Deficiency with Fire; fat/vigorous individuals often have external Wind-Dampness generating Phlegm. Since it travels through the whole body, it is called Li Jie Feng (Wandering Joint Wind). Severe pain like tiger bite is called Baihu Feng (White Tiger Wind). Nighttime worsening indicates Blood moving in Yin.
Pain Often Accompanied by Swelling or Not.
Pain often involves Phlegm-Fire; swelling often involves Wind-Dampness. Phlegm-Fire, though internal (desires/emotions/post-illness fluid loss causing boiling blood heat), requires slight external pathogen trigger to activate, causing extreme joint pain, eventually curling limbs. Wind-Dampness, though external (cold/wind exposure), requires blood heat to cause stagnation/turbidity and pain, potentially causing body lumps. Both Phlegm-Fire and Wind-Dampness present: ancient Longhu Dan (Dragon-Tiger Pill) treats.
Detailed Differentiation of Upper, Lower, and Whole Body.
Shanghan whole-body joint pain is Wind-Cold invading muscle/bone. Miscellaneous disease whole-body pain is Wind-Phlegm stagnation: Erchen Tang added with Nanxing, Qianghuo, Cangzhu, Baizhi, Jiu Qin (Wine-fried Scutellaria), Zhuli (Bamboo Juice), Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice). If accompanied by Blood Stasis, add Taoren, Honghua. Damp-Phlegm/Blood Stasis moving pain in whole body/flanks: Kongxian Dan added with Taoren paste pills, or Xiaowei Dan purges. Hemiplegia or limb curling: Wutou Tang induces slight sweat. Deficiency: Dixian Dan (see Stroke section). Upper body pain: Dispel Wind-Heat, resolve Phlegm, Erchen Tang governs. Phlegm-Heat in Taiyang, neck stiffness/mild pain on movement: add Jiu Qin, Qianghuo, Honghua. Damp-Phlegm drilling joint pain: add Er Zhu (Atractylodes), Lingxianxian, Ganjiang, Huangbai, Qianghuo, Baishao. Jieyang limb swelling: double Huangqin. Damp-Phlegm horizontal arm pain: add Nanxing, Cangzhu, Jiu Qin, Xiangfu, Lingxianxian. Heavy/hard-to-lift arm: add Er Zhu, Qianghuo, Guizhi, Lingxianxian, Huangqin. Soft/weak arm: add Nanxing, Zhishi, Muxiang, Jianghuang. Arm pain unable to lift or finger/palm swelling: Shujing Tang. Sudden shoulder pain: Xiao Chaihu Tang removing Banxia, adding Fangfeng, Danggui, Shengdi, Dahuang, Huanglian, Huashi. Shoulder/back pain due to food stagnation: Gui Ban (Turtle Shell) pills with Ginger soup. Shoulder/leg pain: 1 liang Gui Ban, 5 qian Ce Baiye/Xiangfu, 1.5 qian Baijiezi/Lingxiaohua, powdered, wine paste pills, taken with Siwu Tang added with Gancao/Chenpi decoction. Constant cold patch on back: Daotan Tang combined with Suzi Jiangqi Tang. Lower body pain: flow...