阳，岂有香之甚者而反寒乎！形似白松脂，作杉木气，明净状若梅花瓣者佳。曾经火逼成片，或如雀屎者次。
然非常服之药。独行则势弱，佐使则有功，于茶最相宜。入药另研，合糯米炭贮之则不耗。又龙脑膏，乃根下
清液，砍木作坎而承之。专主耳聋，然极难得。又樟脑，乃樟树屑液造成，治疥癣癞疮，作热敷之。
麝香
麝香辛温蚀疮脓，能攻风毒杀诸虫，中恶邪气腹心痛，胎产痫惊关窍通
形似鹿而小，走疾如箭，其香在阴前皮内，别有膜裹，春分取之，生者良。无毒。能蚀一切痈疮脓，吐风
痰，制蛇蚕咬、砂虱溪瘴毒。杀疮虫及脏腑诸虫，辟恶气鬼物、瘟疟蛊疰。中恶心腹暴痛胀急。妇人有孕，闻
其气亦堕胎，催生下死最速。小儿客忤、惊痫亦用之。其通关透窍，上达肌肤，内入骨髓，与龙脑相同，而香
窜又过之。伤寒阴毒，内伤积聚，及妇人子宫冷、带疾，亦用以为使，俾关节通而冷气散，阳气自回也。开麝
并宜子日，另研筛用。真者带过园中，瓜果不实。
水银
水银辛寒毒入肉，量用涂疮杀虫 ，堕胎绝孕又消阴，疗儿涎惊热风搐。
形如水，流不止，色白如银。主恶疮、疹 、 疥、痂痒、白秃。《局方》多用涂疮，不知其性滑重，
入肉蚀脑，令百节挛缩。昔有患挛 病，以金物炙熨，水银当出蚀金，候金色白者是也。妇人难产催生下死最
速，服之则绝孕。敷男子阴，阴消无气。钱氏多用疗小儿惊热涎潮发搐。《衍义》云∶水银入药，极须审谛，
有毒故也。又镀金烧粉人多患风，使作，须饮酒并肥猪内，铁浆可御其毒。又名汞，出于丹砂。其法∶作炉置
于中，下承以水，上覆以器，外加火 养，则烟飞着上，水银溜于下，其色微红，先以紫背天葵并夜交藤自然
汁煮一伏时，其毒自退。杀金、银、铜、锡毒。畏磁石。得铅则凝，得硫黄则结，得紫河车则伏，枣肉研之则
散。
轻粉
轻粉辛冷自水银，疮癣风痒外敷频，更涂瘰 酒 鼻，利儿疳涎暂入唇，又有银朱同一种，杀虫专治疠风人。
体轻色白如粉，又名腻粉。有毒，主杀疥疮，癣虫风痒，瘰 ，鼻上酒 ，俱外敷之。通转儿疳爱吃泥土，
涎潮螈 。《图经》云∶下膈涎最速，但多用有损。若惊风属心气不足者，下之则里虚，惊气入心必死。抑论
经云利大肠，东垣又云抑肺而敛肛门，何也？盖轻粉经火本燥，原自水银性冷，用之于润药则利，用之于涩药
则止。所以又能消水肿，止血痢，吐风涎。要之，虚病禁用，实者亦量用之。造轻粉法∶食盐、明矾各等分，
同放锅中煮令黄色，取起为末，名曰黄曲。以此曲一两，入水银二两，多则曲一斤，水银二斤，同入瓦罐内，
上用铁灯盏盖定，外用黄泥如法固济，勿令泄气，候干，用炭火旋旋烧上，频频以水滴铁灯盏内，候罐通红，
则内药尽升上罐口，候冷拆开即成轻粉。入药用汤煮五度，如麻脚慢火焙干。畏磁石、石黄。忌一切血者，以
其本自丹砂也。银朱，亦水银升者。杀疮虫，治脑风，薰疠风疮，能收水去毒。又年久杨 顽疮不愈者，用水
花朱一钱，枯矾、朱砂各一钱半，为末，用全蝎酒煎膏为丸，分作六丸，分三日服，以羊肉、鲜鱼等汤送下、
九日全愈。但内服亦须升过，将朱捣碎，以雄黄等分发入固济罐中，文
火二炷、武火一炷香久，银朱上升于灯盏，雄黄下坠于罐底，俟冷取朱研用。
砒霜
砒霜大毒味酸苦，恶疮腐肉用少许，治疟除 效若神，膈内风痰可作吐。
砒，劈也，又毙也。毒能开劈形魂，令人毙也；霜，以形色言也。又名信石。主恶疮，瘰疠腐肉，和诸药
敷之，自然蚀落。又治蛇尿着人手足即肿痛肉烂，指节脱落，取砒为末，以胶清调涂即瘥。主诸疟及 喘。风
痰在膈，可作吐药，但过服，轻则吐红，重伤脏腑杀人。兼消肉积坠胎。误中其毒者，冷水研绿豆汁或醋解之。
出信州。色黄赤，明彻不杂，如乳尖长者佳。醋煮杀毒，或瓦合固济，火 半日，取出用甘草水浸半日，拭干，
细研用。
砂
砂咸苦辛毒大，专去诸疮肉恶败，破血下痰伐久积，死胎逢之即烂坏。
乃卤碱之类，形如砂，出西戎，形如牙硝。光明者良。性大热，专去恶疮 肉，生肌止痛，破结血，
下痰气，疗咳嗽，一切血块、气块、肉胀久积、死胎，皆能溃腐，合他药治目中翳。凡用，须细研水飞过，入
瓷器中重汤煮令自干，以杀其毒；或用黄丹、锻石作匮，火 通赤。取出另研。若生用，腐烂肠胃，化人心为
血。误中其毒者，研生绿豆汁解之。畏一切酸浆水，忌羊血。消五金八石，柔金银，可为焊药。《日华》云∶
北庭砂，色黄白，味辛、酸，无毒。功能消败去秽，益阳，敷金疮，用者择之。
以上疮毒正药，其细料药品，小儿方多用之。
自然铜
自然铜味气辛平，误用金牙吐伤生，主疗折伤续筋骨，更除积聚止心惊，赤铜屑入乌须药，贼风烧赤酒
中倾。
不从矿炼，故号自然。颗块如铜，坚重如石，有黄赤，有青黑，烧之青烟如硫黄，臭如马屁，食之涩，
不畏火 者真。若误用为金牙，即吐杀人。金牙大如棋子而方，出蜀郡，惟吐蛊敢用之，自然铜，主疗折伤打
扑，散瘀血，排脓止痛，续筋骨，又破积聚，治产后血邪，安心止惊悸，以酒摩服。丹溪云∶按骨方在补气血
脾胃，俗工惟在速效，生铜非经锻不可用；然新出，火毒、金毒相扇，挟香热药毒，虽有接骨之功，燥散之祸
甚于刀剑，戒之！凡使，火 醋淬九次，细研，水飞用。铜禀东方乙阴之气，结而成魂，性利，服之伤肾。
《局方》乌须药用之。法以打铜器上起薄皮，研为末，用水飞淘五六次，澄去泥渣，只取净末；又有以铜丝火
醋淬，为末更易。又主贼风反折，烧赤淬酒服之。狐臭，炒热以醋和搽之。兼治折伤，接骨焊齿明目，治风
眼及女人血气攻心痛。锡铜镜鼻，古无纯铜镜，皆用锡杂之，乃有光明，微寒。主女子血闭 瘕，伏肠绝孕，
产后余疾刺痛及伏尸邪气，小儿卒中客忤惊痫，又能催生，治暴心痛，并烧赤淬酒饮之。
铜青 铜绿
铜青铜绿一般名，铜上精华彻体生，敛口金疮堪止血，洗淘目暗即光明。
铜上所产，其青不问生熟铜器皆有，乃铜之精华也。气平，微毒。主合金疮止血，明目，去肤赤 肉。兼
治妇人血气心痛及瘫痪风痰，卒中不语。糯米糊丸，酒研服之。能吐青涎，泻恶物。《局方》今亦少用。北庭
者佳。水洗净，细研。水飞去石澄清，慢火熬干。
生铁
生铁微寒主脱肛，被打瘀血酒煎尝，秤锤催生衣不下，血瘕儿枕痛尤良，铁落能除胸膈热，针砂辛平退疸黄。
初炼出矿，用以铸 器物者谓之生铁。性坚，服之伤肺。主历年脱肛，被打瘀血在骨节及胁外不去，俱
酒煮服之。熟铁，又谓之柔铁。味辛、平，有毒。主坚肌耐痛。铁精，乃锻炼极精者。主明目，化铜，疗惊悸，
定心气，小儿风痫，阴 ，脱肛。钢铁，及生熟相杂用以作刀锋者。味甘，无毒。主金疮，烦满热中，胸膈气
塞，饮食不化。秤锤，味辛，温，无毒。主妇人
横生逆产，胎衣不下，产后血瘕，儿枕腹痛及喉痹寒热，并烧赤淬酒服之。无秤锤，用铁杵或斧。锁匙，治妇
人血噤失音，煎汤服之。故锯，治误吞竹木入喉中，出入不得，烧赤淬酒服之。铁落，即砧上打落细皮屑也。
味辛、甘、平，无毒。主皮肤风热恶疮及胸膈中热，饮食不下。针砂，即作针家磨炉细末也。性平，无毒。主水
肿、黄胆。又堪染皂，及和没食子染须至黑。入药用洁净者，以好醋浸一七，捞起晒干，再用好醋少许，慢火
炒二三遍，紫色为度。凡铁锉细末，谓之铁粉。畏磁石、石炭。
铁华粉
铁华粉咸平无毒，外敷痔 刺竹木，能养血气安心神，除风治痫破积宿，铁浆水浸青沫生，惊热癫狂可制
伏。
以铁片磨光，用盐水抽之，置醋瓮中，阴处埋之，百日后铁上生衣，刮取研用。敷痔 及竹木刺入肉，
主养气血，安神强志，止惊悸健忘，镇五脏，壮筋骨，除风邪癫痫，破 癖、宿食，止冷气心痛，随所冷热合
和诸药。用枣肉为丸。铁浆，取诸铁于器中以水浸之，经久青色沫出，可以染皂。解诸毒入腹，镇心，主惊痫
发热，急黄狂走，六畜癫狂，人为蛇、犬、虎、野狼、毒刺、恶虫等咬，服之毒不入内。铁积久生衣为锈，恶疮疥
癣和油涂之。诸虫咬，和蒜摩涂之。
黑铅
黑铅甘毒属至阴，解诸疮毒熨蛇侵，伤寒热气尤能散，止呕安神镇此心，铅霜消痰灰散 ，乌须熔汁胜千金。
铅，HT 也。其柔已甚，故取HT 意。铅锡俱禀北方壬癸阴极之精，性濡滑而多阴毒，过服伤人心胃。治发背及
诸般痈毒，并金石药毒。先用酒一斗，入甘草三两，后溶铅一斤，投入酒中，如此九次，令病患饮醉即愈。被蛇
蝎咬，炙热熨之，又治伤寒毒瓦斯，翻胃呕哕，坠痰降气，镇心安神。入药以铁铫熔化泻新瓦上，滤去渣脚二三次，
取净者用。铅白霜，性极冷，无毒。消痰，止惊悸、烦渴、鼻衄，解酒毒，治室女月水滞涩，心烦恍惚。兼治中
风痰实，小儿惊滞药多用之。取法∶以铅杂水银十五分之一，合炼作片，置醋瓮中密封，经久成霜。铅灰、取
铅三两，铁器熬之，久当有脚如黑灰，取此灰和脂涂 子上，仍以旧帛贴之，数数去帛拭去恶汁，又贴，如此半
月许，亦不痛不作疽，内消为水，虽流过项者亦瘥。乌须发明目牢齿方∶黑铅半斤，熔化，旋入桑条灰，柳木搅
令成砂，为末，每早如常擦牙，后用温水嗽在碗内，取其水洗眼，治诸般眼疾；髭黄白者，用之皆变黑也。
铅丹
铅丹有毒味辛凉，生肌止血治诸疮，吐逆颠痫消久积，截疟镇惊神气藏。
炒铅为丹，其色黄，故又名黄丹。善生肌止痛止血，诸疮、金疮、汤火、染须，皆用煎膏或末敷之。主吐
逆翻胃，癫痫狂疾，除热毒脐挛，中恶心腹胀痛，又能消久积，止温疟，镇心安神，去惊狂烦渴。经云∶黄丹
涩而固气，收敛神气以镇惊也。丹溪云∶曾一妇因多子，于月内服黄丹二两，四肢冰冷强直，不食，时正仲冬，
急服附子理中汤数十帖而定。炒黄丹法∶黑铅一斤，土硫黄、硝石各一两，先溶铅成汁，下醋点之，滚沸时下黄
一小块，续下硝少许，沸定再点醋，根据前下少许硝、黄，已消沸定黄亦尽，炒为末成丹矣，入药又炒令色变，细
研水飞二遍。
铅粉
铅粉有毒味辛寒，恶疮狐臭水能干，消积杀虫止溺痢，破瘀堕胎亦可餐，诸疮可用煎膏贴，油十粉四滴成丸。
即今化铅所作水粉也。其有金色者，名蜡子粉，又名粉锡、定粉、胡粉。丹溪谓∶古俗妇人用以容面，不
可入药。今市皆铅粉，容面、入药两用之。治痈肿 烂，疮中出水，汤火，干湿癣疮，及股内阴下常湿痒且臭，
小儿疳疮，耳后月蚀，诸狐臭，或干糁，或猪脂、牛脂调敷之。治积聚不消，去鳖瘕，疗小儿疳气，杀三
虫，止小便利及久痢，逐瘀血抢心，堕胎，和水或鸡子白调服。凡使，蒸熟，炒令色变。制硫黄，可为外柜。
煎膏药法∶用真麻油十两，入锅内煎至烟起，入头发一团，待发化尽，却入药煎枯，滤去渣，慢火煎至滴水成
珠不散，退火入炒，过铅粉四两，百草霜四两，以桃枝搅匀，提起听用。凡煎膏，药一两，油二两。用滤过松
香煎者，油一两，松香四两；用炒过黄丹煎者，油一两，黄丹七钱。
密陀僧
密陀僧味咸辛平，乳调涂面没瘢形，狐臭金疮皆外敷，痔痢可服却嫌生。
胡，僧家语也。色如密，形圆陀陀。有小毒。除面上瘢 鼻 ，乳调如膏涂之。金疮、口疮、狐臭，干末敷之。
久痢五痔及惊痫痰嗽呕吐，茶调服之，或入醋少许。此即煎银炉底，坚重，碎之如金色者佳。外敷生用，内服
火黄色，细研。
灵砂
灵砂乃炼硫汞成，怔忡病去心自灵，痼冷百病皆能疗，坠痰益气通血凝。
一名二气砂。用水银三两，硫黄一两，细研，先炒作青砂头，后入水火既济炉，抽之如束针绞者成就也。
味甘、温，无毒。东垣云∶灵砂定心脏之怔忡，久服令人心灵。一切痼冷、五脏百病皆治，坠痰涎，益气力，
通血脉，止烦，辟恶，明目。服法详六卷。疥疮有虫毒者，涂之即效。
花蕊石
花蕊石黄白点见，止血生肌须 炼，卒中金疮刮末敷，产中血晕斯为善。
出陕华诸郡，形大小方圆无定，色似硫黄中有淡白点如花之蕊。东垣云∶治金疮，血行则却。合和硫黄
同炼服之，或只用火 亦好。仓卒不及 炼者，但刮末敷之即合，仍不作脓溃，其效如神。又疗产后血晕、恶血，
另研极细。
锻石
锻石温辛风化良，疗疥生肌不入汤，善杀痔虫点黑子，产妇泡水洗脱肛。
火 石而成灰，水解者力劣，风中自解者力大。有毒。主疽疡疥痒，热气恶疮，死肌堕眉，痔 、瘿瘤，
白癜，妇人粉刺，汤火金疮，疗骨疽，杀痔虫，除黑痣，蚀恶肉，生好肉，多用濂膏调涂，不入汤药。妇人产
Yang-natured herbs, how could those with extremely fragrant aromas be cold in nature! Those resembling white pine resin, emitting a cedarwood scent, bright and clean like plum blossom petals are of the best quality. Those previously pressed into slices by fire or resembling sparrow droppings are of inferior quality.
However, this is not a herb for daily long-term consumption. Used alone, its efficacy is weak; when used as an assistant herb (Zuo Shi), it yields merit. It is most suitable to be taken with tea. When entering prescriptions, it should be ground separately; storing it with charcoal from glutinous rice prevents loss of potency. There is also Longnao Gao (Borneol Ointment), which is the clear fluid from the root base, collected by cutting the tree and forming a pit to catch it. It specifically treats deafness but is extremely rare to obtain. Then there is Zhangnao (Camphor), made from camphor tree shavings and liquid, used to treat scabies, tinea, and leprosy-like sores via hot compresses.
Musk (Shexiang)
Shexiang (Moschus) is pungent and warm; it can erode abscess pus, attack wind toxins, kill various parasites, treat abdominal pain caused by evil qi invasion, and open orifices blocked by fetal delivery complications, epilepsy, and convulsions.
It resembles a small deer, running fast as an arrow. Its fragrance lies within the skin near the prepuce, wrapped in a separate membrane. It is harvested at the Spring Equinox; fresh ones are superior. It is non-toxic. It can erode pus from all kinds of carbuncles and sores, expel wind-phlegm, counteract bites from snakes and silkworm moths, and neutralize toxins from sand lice and marsh miasma. It kills parasite worms in sores and internal organs, repels evil qi, ghosts, epidemic malaria, and gu poisoning. It treats sudden heart and abdominal pain and distension due to evil qi invasion. For pregnant women, inhaling its scent may cause miscarriage; it is used to induce labor and expel dead fetuses with great speed. It is also used for infant "Ke Wu" (sudden fright/illness) and convulsive epilepsy. Its ability to open orifices and penetrate channels reaches the skin and muscles externally and enters the bone marrow internally, similar to Borneol, but its aromatic penetrating power is even stronger. It is used for Yin-Toxin Cold Damage, internal injury with accumulation, uterine coldness in women, and leukorrhea, acting as a guiding herb to unblock joints, disperse cold qi, and restore Yang Qi. Mining musk is best done on Zi days; it should be ground separately and sifted. Genuine musch has the scent of passing through gardens, while melons and fruits do not bear fruit.
Mercury (Shuiyin)
Shuiyin (Hydrargyrum) is pungent, cold, and toxic; it penetrates flesh. Used in measured amounts topically for sores to kill insects, it induces abortion, sterilizes, reduces yin swelling, and treats infant salivary overflow, fever, wind, and convulsions.
It looks like water, flowing endlessly, white as silver. It treats malignant sores, rashes, scabies, crusty itching, and alopecia capitis. The *Ju Fang* often uses it for topical application, unaware that its slippery and heavy nature penetrates flesh, corrodes the brain, and causes joint contractures. In the past, someone suffering from contracture disease was treated with heated metal objects; mercury would emerge and corrode the metal until it turned white, proving the presence of mercury. It induces abortion and expels dead fetuses fastest; ingestion leads to sterility. Applied to the male genitals, it causes atrophy and loss of vitality. Qian Yi frequently used it to treat infant fever, salivary overflow, and convulsions. The *Yan Yi* states: Mercury must be used with extreme caution in prescriptions because it is toxic. Also, people who use gold plating powder often suffer from wind diseases; drinking alcohol and eating fatty pork, along with iron slurry, can counteract its toxicity. Also known as Gong, it originates from Cinnabar. The method: Place a furnace in the middle, receive with water below, cover with a vessel above, and apply external heat. Smoke flies up and attaches to the top, while mercury flows down, appearing slightly red. First, boil with natural juice of *Zi Bei Tian Kui* (Oxalis corniculata) and *Ye Jiao Teng* (Caulis Polygoni Multiflori) for one shichen (two hours); its toxicity will naturally recede. It dissolves the toxicity of gold, silver, copper, and tin. It fears Magnetite. It coagulates with Lead, binds with Sulfur, subdues with Placenta Humana, and disperses when ground with jujube flesh.
Calomel (Qingfen)
Qingfen (Calomel) is pungent and cold, derived from Mercury. It is frequently applied topically for sores, tinea, and wind-itch; also applied for lymphadenopathy, rhinophyma, and temporarily ingested for infant malnutrition and salivary overflow. Silver Pearl (Yinzhu) is of the same kind, killing parasites and specifically treating leprosy.
Its body is light and color white like powder, also called Ni Fen. It is toxic, mainly killing scabies, tinea worms, wind-itch, lymphadenopathy, and rhinophyma; all are applied externally. It promotes bowel movement in infants with malnutrition who crave eating dirt, and treats salivary overflow and convulsions. The *Tu Jing* states: It descends phlegm from the diaphragm fastest, but excessive use causes damage. If convulsions belong to Heart Qi deficiency, using it causes interior deficiency, and convulsive qi entering the heart leads to death. Some argue it benefits the Large Intestine, while Li Dongyuan says it suppresses Lung Qi and constricts the anus. Why? Qingfen becomes dry after fire processing, originally possessing the cold nature of Mercury. Used with moistening herbs, it promotes bowel movements; used with astringent herbs, it stops diarrhea. Thus, it can reduce edema, stop bloody dysentery, and expel wind-phlegm. Generally, it is contraindicated in deficiency syndromes and should be used cautiously in excess syndromes. Method of making Qingfen: Equal parts salt and alum are boiled in a pot until yellow, then ground into powder, named Huang Qu. Use one liang of this powder with two liang of mercury (ratio 1 jin powder to 2 jin mercury). Put them in a clay jar, cover with an iron lamp bowl, seal tightly with yellow mud to prevent gas leakage. When dry, burn slowly with charcoal fire above, frequently dripping water onto the iron lamp bowl. When the jar turns red hot, the medicine inside ascends to the jar mouth. After cooling, dismantle to obtain Qingfen. Boil in water five times before use, then slow-fire dry. Fears Magnetite and Realgar. Contraindicated with blood-invigorating herbs as it originates from Cinnabar. Yinzhu (Silver Pearl) is also sublimated from Mercury. It kills parasite worms, treats head wind, fumigates leprosy sores, absorbs moisture, and removes toxins. For stubborn chronic ulcers not healing for years, use one qian of Shui Hua Zhu, one and a half qian each of Calcined Alum and Cinnabar, ground into powder. Make pills with Scorpion wine paste, divide into six pills, take over three days, washed down with mutton or fresh fish soup. Cure in nine days. Internal use requires sublimation: Crush cinnabar, mix with Realgar, place in a sealed jar. Heat gently for two incense sticks, strongly for one. Silver Pearl ascends to the lamp bowl, Realgar sinks to the bottom. Cool and grind the pearl.
Arsenic Trioxide (Pishuang)
Pishuang (Arsenic Trioxide) is highly toxic, sour and bitter. A small amount treats malignant sores and rotting flesh; it effectively treats malaria and wheezing, and can induce vomiting for wind-phlegm in the diaphragm.
"Pishi" means splitting or killing. Its toxicity splits the soul, causing death; "Shuang" refers to its appearance. Also known as Xinshi. It treats malignant sores, lymphadenopathy, and rotting flesh; mixed with other herbs and applied, it naturally erodes and falls off. It treats swelling, pain, and flesh rot caused by snake urine on hands and feet, leading to finger detachment. Grind arsenic into powder, mix with gum arabic, and apply; it heals. It treats various malaria and wheezing. Wind-phlegm in the diaphragm can be treated by inducing vomiting, but overdose causes hematemesis or fatal organ damage. It also reduces meat accumulation and induces abortion. For accidental poisoning, grind mung beans in cold water for juice or use vinegar to detoxify. Originates from Xinzhou. Yellow-red, bright and pure, resembling long milk tips is best. Boil in vinegar to reduce toxicity, or seal in clay and calcine for half a day. Soak in licorice water for half a day, dry, and grind finely.
Nahua (Sal Ammoniac)
Nahua is salty, bitter, pungent, and highly toxic. It specifically removes foul flesh from sores, breaks blood stasis, descends phlegm, attacks long-standing accumulations, and rots dead fetuses upon contact.
It is a type of halite, shaped like sand, originating from Western Regions, resembling Niter. Bright ones are good. Nature is greatly hot. It specifically removes foul flesh from sores, generates muscle, stops pain, breaks blood clots, descends phlegm-qi, treats cough, and resolves all blood masses, qi masses, abdominal distension, long-standing accumulations, and dead fetuses by erosion. Combined with other herbs, it treats eye nebula. When used, grind finely, wash with water, boil in porcelain ware until dry to reduce toxicity; or use Minium and Calcined Alum as containers, calcine until red hot. Remove and grind separately. If used raw, it rots intestines and stomach, turning heart tissue into blood. For poisoning, drink mung bean juice. Fears acidic liquids, avoids sheep blood. Dissolves metals and stones, softens gold and silver, used for soldering. *Ri Hua Ben Cao* states: Beitong Nahua is yellow-white, pungent and sour, non-toxic. It eliminates decay and filth, tonifies Yang, and treats traumatic injuries; users should select carefully.
The above are main herbs for sore toxins; fine material herbs are often used in pediatric formulas.
Natural Copper (Ziran Tong)
Ziran Tong is pungent and neutral in flavor and nature. Misuse of Jinya causes vomiting and injury. It treats fractures, reconnects bones and tendons, removes accumulations, and calms heart fright. Red copper powder is used in hair-darkening formulas; for wind-stroke, heat it and pour into wine.
Not smelted from ore, hence called "Natural." Pieces resemble copper, hard and heavy as stone, yellow-red or blue-black. Burning produces blue smoke like sulfur and smells like horse dung; tasting it is astringent. Those that withstand calcination are genuine. If mistaken for Jinya, it causes fatal vomiting. Jinya is square like a chess piece, from Shu Commandery, only used for expelling gu poison. Ziran Tong treats fractures and bruises, disperses blood stasis, drains pus, stops pain, reconnects bones and tendons, breaks accumulations, treats postpartum blood evil, calms the mind, stops palpitations, and is taken with wine. Zhu Danxi said: Bone-setting formulas rely on tonifying Qi, Blood, and Spleen/Stomach. Quack doctors seek quick effects; raw copper cannot be used without forging. New copper carries fire and metal toxins, combined with aromatic-hot herbs, causing dryness and dispersion worse than swords/blades; beware! When using, calcine and quench in vinegar nine times, grind finely, and wash with water. Copper inherits Eastern Yin Qi, forms Hun, has a draining nature, and damages Kidneys if taken. Used in *Ju Fang* hair-darkening formulas. Method: Scrape thin skin from beaten copper vessels, grind, wash with water five to six times, settle, remove mud, keep pure powder. Alternatively, quench copper wire in vinegar after heating, grind. Treats wind-stroke with back arching; heat and quench in wine. For axillary odor, heat and rub with vinegar. Treats fractures, sets bones, welds teeth, brightens eyes, treats wind-eye, and heart pain from Qi/Blood stagnation in women. Tin-copper mirror noses: Ancient mirrors were not pure copper but alloyed with tin for brightness; slightly cold. Treats female amenorrhea, abdominal masses, intestinal obstruction causing sterility, postpartum stabbing pain, latent corpse evil qi, infant sudden fright/epilepsy, induces labor, treats sudden heart pain; all taken with heated vinegar-quenched wine.
Copper Green (Tong Qing / Tong Lv)
Tong Qing and Tong Lv share the name. Essence of copper grows throughout the body. It contracts wounds, stops bleeding from metallic injuries, and clears vision when washed.
Produced on copper, green color appears on both raw and cooked copperware, being the essence of copper. Neutral nature, slightly toxic. Treats metallic wounds, stops bleeding, brightens eyes, removes red skin polyps. Also treats female Qi/Blood heart pain, paralysis, wind-phlegm, and stroke muteness. Make pills with glutinous rice paste, take with wine. Can vomit green phlegm and purge evil matter. Rarely used in *Ju Fang* now. Beitong origin is best. Wash clean, grind finely. Wash with water, settle, remove stones, clarify, slow-fire dry.
Raw Iron (Sheng Tie)
Sheng Tie is slightly cold, treats rectal prolapse. Bruised blood from blows is decocted in wine. Weighted hammers induce labor and expel placenta; blood masses and postpartum lochia pain respond well. Iron filings remove chest heat; Needle Sand is pungent and neutral, treating jaundice.
Iron initially smelted from ore for casting is Sheng Tie. Hard nature, damages Lungs if taken. Treats chronic rectal prolapse and bruised blood stuck in joints/ribs; decoct in wine. Shu Tie (Wrought Iron), also Rou Tie, is pungent and neutral, slightly toxic. Strengthens muscle and pain tolerance. Tie Jing is highly refined iron. Brightens eyes, dissolves copper, treats palpitations, stabilizes Heart Qi, infant wind-epilepsy, vaginal prolapse, rectal prolapse. Gang Tie (Steel) and mixed raw/wrought iron for knife edges are sweet and non-toxic. Treats metallic wounds, fullness/heat, chest oppression, indigestion. Weighted Hammer is pungent and warm, non-toxic. Treats breech presentation, retained placenta, postpartum blood masses, lochia pain, throat bi with chills/fever; heat and quench in wine. If no hammer, use iron pestle or axe. Key treats female aphasia from blood blockage; decoct and drink. Old saw treats swallowed bamboo/wood stuck in throat; heat and quench in wine. Tie Luo (Iron Filings) are fine shavings from the anvil. Pungent, sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treats skin wind-heat, malignant sores, chest heat, difficulty swallowing. Zhen Sha (Needle Sand) is fine powder from needle-grinding wheels. Neutral, non-toxic. Treats edema and jaundice. Also dyes black and mixes with Myrobalan for hair darkening. For medicinal use, take clean sand, soak in good vinegar for seven days, dry, stir-fry twice with vinegar until purple. Iron file powder is called Tie Fen. Fears Magnetite and Coal.
Iron Flower Powder (Tie Hua Fen)
Tie Hua Fen is salty, neutral, non-toxic. Topical application for hemorrhoids and splinters. Tonifies Qi/Blood, calms Spirit, treats wind/epilepsy, breaks accumulations. Iron Slurry produces green foam when soaked; controls fever/mania.
Polish iron sheets, rinse with salt water, bury in vinegar jar in shade for 100 days. Scrape the rust (clothing) formed on iron, grind for use. Topical for hemorrhoids and wood splinters. Internally, it nourishes Qi/Blood, calms Spirit, strengthens will, stops palpitations/amnesia, anchors Five Viscera, strengthens sinews/bones, dispels wind-epilepsy, breaks food stagnation, stops cold Qi heart pain. Combine with other herbs based on cold/heat. Make pills with jujube flesh. Tie Jiang (Iron Slurry): Soak various irons in water; after time, green foam appears, usable for dyeing. Detoxifies ingested poisons, anchors Heart, treats fever/epilepsy, acute jaundice/manic walking, animal madness, and bites from snakes/dogs/tigers/wolves/thorns/insects; prevents toxin entry. Rust from aged iron mixed with oil treats malignant sores/scabies. Rub with garlic for insect bites.
Black Lead (Hei Qian)
Hei Qian is sweet, toxic, belonging to Extreme Yin. Resolves sore toxins, soothes snake bites, dissipates Cold Damage heat, stops vomiting, calms Spirit, anchors Heart. Lead Frost resolves phlegm; ash powder darkens hair; molten juice surpasses thousand gold.
Lead implies softness. It is very soft, hence the name. Lead and Tin inherit Northern Ren/Gui Extreme Yin essence, are slippery, and contain much Yin toxicity; overdose damages Heart/Stomach. Treats Back Carbuncles, various sores, and mineral drug toxicity. First, boil one dou of wine with three liang of Licorice, then melt one jin of Lead, immerse in wine. Repeat nine times. Let patient drink until drunk to cure. For scorpion/snake bites, heat and apply as compress. Treats Cold Damage toxin, reverse flow/vomiting, descends phlegm/Qi, anchors/calms Heart. For prescription, melt in iron pot, pour onto new tile, filter residue two to three times, use clear part. Qian Bai Shuang (Lead White Frost) is extremely cold, non-toxic. Resolves phlegm, stops palpitations/thirst/epistaxis, detoxifies alcohol, treats delayed menstruation in maidens, mental confusion. Also treats wind-stroke with phlegm-fullness, often used in pediatric formulas. Method: Mix Lead with 1/15th Mercury, refine into sheets, seal in vinegar jar, wait until frost forms. Lead Ash: Take three liang Lead, simmer in iron vessel until black ash remains. Mix ash with fat, apply to sores, cover with old cloth, repeatedly remove cloth to wipe evil juices, reapply. Half month later, pain/abscess ceases, internal resolution occurs, even if spreading to neck. Hair-darkening/Eye-brightening/Teeth-firming formula: Melt half jin Black Lead, add Mulberry ash, stir with Willow wood into sand/powder. Brush teeth morning as usual, rinse with warm water into bowl, use water to wash eyes for various eye diseases; yellow/white facial hair turns black.
Lead Dross (Qian Dan)
Qian Dan is toxic, pungent and cool. Generates muscle, stops bleeding, treats sores. Vomiting/epilepsy, resolves old accumulations, cuts malaria, calms fright, stores Spirit.
Calcined Lead becomes Dan, yellow color, hence Huang Dan. Excellent at generating muscle, stopping pain/bleeding. Used as paste or powder for sores, metallic wounds, burns, and hair-dyeing. Treats vomiting/reverse flow, epilepsy/manic illness, heat-toxin umbilical contraction, evil Qi heart/abdominal pain, old accumulations, warm malaria, anchors/calms Heart, removes fright/manic thirst. Classics state: Huang Dan is astringent, consolidates Qi, gathers Spirit to calm fright. Danxi said: A woman with many children took two liang of Huang Dan during her period, resulting in cold/stiff limbs and anorexia in mid-winter. Urgently administered dozens of doses of Fuzi Lizhong Tang to stabilize. Method of calcining Huang Dan: One jin Black Lead, one liang Earth Sulfur, one liang Niter. Melt Lead, add Vinegar, boil. Add small piece of Huang Dan, then little Niter. When boiling settles, add Vinegar again. Repeat adding Niter/Sulfur until Huang Dan dissolves and boils settle. Grind into powder to form Dan. For prescription, calcine until color changes, grind finely, wash with water twice.
Lead Carbonate (Qian Fen)
Qian Fen is toxic, pungent and cold. Dries wet sores/axillary odor, resolves accumulations, kills parasites, stops urinary frequency/dysentery, breaks stasis, induces abortion. Pastes for sores; ten parts oil, four parts powder make pills.
Also known as Water Powder made from melted lead. Golden ones are called Lazifen, Fenxi, Dingfen, Hufen. Danxi said: Ancient custom used it for cosmetics, not for medicine. Now market Lead Powder is used for both cosmetics and medicine. Treats carbuncle ulceration, weeping sores, burns, dry/wet tinea, groin/genital damp-itch-odor, infant malnutrition sores, ear otia militaris, fox odor. Apply dry or mix with pig/beef fat. Treats unresolved accumulations, removes turtle masses, treats infant malnutrition Qi, kills three parasites, stops frequent urination/chronic dysentery, drives out blood stasis attacking heart, induces abortion. Mix with water or egg white. When using, steam, then calcine until color changes. Process Sulfur, can be used for external cabinets.
Method of making plaster: Ten liang true Sesame Oil, boil until smoking. Add a ball of hair, dissolve completely. Add medicine, fry until withered. Filter residue. Slow-fire boil until drops form beads without scattering. Remove from fire, add four liang calcined Lead Powder, four liang Baicao Shuang (Soot). Stir evenly with Peach branch. Lift and set aside. General ratio: One part medicine, two parts oil. If using filtered Rosin: One part oil, four parts Rosin. If using calcined Huang Dan: One part oil, seven qian Huang Dan.
Litharge (Miduoseng)
Miduoseng is salty, pungent, neutral. Mixed with milk, applied to face to remove scars. Fox odor/metallic wounds applied externally. Hemorrhoids/dysentery can be taken but raw form is disliked.
"Hu" is a Buddhist term. Color like honey, round shape. Slightly toxic. Removes facial scars and nasal polyps; mix with milk into paste for application. Metallic wounds, mouth ulcers, fox odor: apply dry powder. Chronic dysentery, five types of hemorrhoids, fright-epilepsy, phlegm-cough, vomiting: take with tea, or add vinegar. This is the bottom slag from silver smelting. Hard and heavy; golden fragments are best. External use: raw. Internal use: calcined until yellow, finely ground.
Spirit Cinnabar (Lingsha)
Lingsha is refined from Sulfur and Mercury. Palpitations cease, Heart becomes spiritual. Chronic colds and hundred diseases are treated; descends phlegm, tonifies Qi, unblocks blood stasis.
Also called Erqi Sha. Three liang Mercury, one liang Sulfur, finely ground. First stir-fry into Green Sand Head, then put into Water-Fire Balance Furnace. Extract until it resembles bundled needles twisted together. Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Li Dongyuan said: Lingsha stabilizes Heart palpitations; long-term use makes the mind spiritual. Treats all chronic colds, Five Viscera, and hundred diseases. Descends phlegm, tonifies Qi, unblocks vessels, stops irritability, repels evil, brightens eyes. Dosage detailed in Volume 6. For scabies with虫毒, topical application is effective.
Flower Core Stone (Huarui Shi)
Huarui Shi shows yellow-white spots. Hemostasis and muscle generation require calcination. Acute metallic wounds: scrape powder and apply. Postpartum blood syncope: this is excellent.
Originates from Shan-Hua commanderies. Shape/size irregular, color like sulfur with pale white spots like flower cores. Li Dongyuan said: Treats metallic wounds; stops bleeding when flow resumes. Mix with Sulfur, calcine and take; or simply calcine. In emergencies without calcination, scrape powder and apply; wounds close without suppuration, effect is miraculous. Also treats postpartum blood syncope and evil blood; grind extremely fine separately.
Calcined Alum/Dreg Stone (Duanshi)
Duanshi is warm, pungent, wind-dried is good. Treats scabies, generates muscle, not for decoction. Kills hemorrhoid worms, dots black moles. Postpartum soaking washes rectal prolapse.
Stone calcined into ash. Water-soluble ones have weak power; wind-disintegrated ones have strong power. Toxic. Treats carbuncles, sores, itching, hot malignant sores, necrotic flesh, eyebrow loss, hemorrhoids/goiters, vitiligo, female acne, burns, metallic wounds, bone abscesses, kills hemorrhoid worms, removes black moles, erodes foul flesh, generates good flesh. Mostly mixed with ointment for topical use, not for decoctions. Women's childbirth...