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Liver (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Heart (Asarum Herba) Spleen (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Lung (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Kidney (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Stomach (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Large Intestine (Peucedani Radix) Small Intestine (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix)
Sanjiao (Scutellariae Radix) Bladder (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix)
The above-mentioned herbs are agents that disperse wind-cold, ascend and dissipate constrained fire, and simultaneously treat exterior dampness. These are the principal medicines advocated by Gu An.

This corresponds to the "Han Chen Cang" formula in the *Tangye Jingfa* (Classic of Decoctions). Gu An stated: "To treat heat with cold, since cold herbs belong to Yin, treating heat often involves using Yin herbs." Furthermore, constrained fire is suitable for dispersal; one should use herbs from the Wind Gate section, following the principle "when fire is constrained, it should be dispersed," which involves raising Yang and scattering fire. Heat and dryness both belong to Yang and should be studied in conjunction with the Dryness Treatment section.

Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin)
Scutellariae Radix with a bitter taste and loose texture clears Lung heat and removes wind-heat from the muscle layer; those with a firm texture clear heat in the Large Intestine; when assisting the Bladder, it aids the source of transformation.
Qin belongs to Metal, has a yellow color, and corresponds to the Metal of Autumn. Its nature is cold. It is non-toxic. It can ascend and descend, belongs to Yin, and enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Those that are hollow and rotten are called "Fuchang" (Rotting Intestines); they clear rebellious Qi due to Fire pathogen invading the Lung, eliminate phlegm-heat above the diaphragm, and resolve damp-heat jaundice in the Stomach. Those broken in the middle and loose are called "Suqin"; they clear Lung phlegm-fire, promote Qi movement, remove epidemic wind-damp-heat pathogens on the exterior, treat alternating chills and fever, various sores, mastitis, carbuncles and malignant sores on the back, and are used to drain pus. For all excess heat, phlegm-heat, and accumulated blood in the upper body, this herb facilitates their descent and dispersion. Those that are thin, solid, straight, and hard are called "Tiaoqin"; they clear Large Intestine fire, expel water, digest food, stop dysentery with pus and blood due to heat, relieve abdominal pain and tenesmus, nourish Yin, and subdue Yang. Those that are thin, solid, round, and hard are called "Ziqin"; they clear Bladder heat, nourish the source of transformation, promote urination in the Small Intestine, treat five types of strangury with severe lower abdominal pain, and address amenorrhea or uterine bleeding in women. It also calms the fetus because it descends fire from the Upper and Middle Jiao. Thus, it is said that combined with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo) and Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), it stops abdominal pain; combined with Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Montan Startlewort Root (Mumeng), and Ostrea Concha (Muli), it promotes fertility; combined with Astragali Membranacei Radix (Huangqi), Ampelopsis Radix (Bailian), and Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou), it treats scrofula; combined with Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), it regulates Heart blood, allowing heat to recede naturally and preventing reckless bleeding. Wine-fried herbs ascend; bran-water fried herbs descend; normally used raw. Cornus Officinalis Fruit (Shanzhuyu) and Fossilized Bones (Longgu) serve as guides. It is incompatible with Allium fistulosum Seeds (Congshi) and opposes Veratrum nigrum Rhizome (Lilu). It fears Cinnabar (Dansha), Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Bark (Mudanpi), and Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).

Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi)
Gardeniae Fructus is bitter and cold, clearing Lung fire, removing Stomach heat, irritability, red eyes, epistaxis, and body jaundice; it stops dysentery, promotes urination, and eliminates leukoderma nodules.
It resembles wine-pressed gardenia fruits. The flavor is light. It is non-toxic. It is Yin containing Yang, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Yilao stated: "It is light and floating, resembling the Lung; its red color resembles Fire; thus, it clears Fire in the Lung."
It also removes Stomach heat, vomiting, belching, jaundice, and internal heat caused by loss of blood and fluids. Zhang Zhongjing used it to induce vomiting in cases of Shaoyin disease with restlessness in the chest, mania, and insomnia. Because the pathogen was strong and rejected intake, vomiting allowed the pathogen to exit; however, Zhizi is not actually an emetic, but rather treats mental restlessness. It also treats wind-phlegm dizziness, red eyes and face, epistaxis, nasal discharge, dysentery, strangury, leukoderma, and various sores, essentially clearing Lung and Heart fire. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it clears heat from the Large and Small Intestines; clearing the Lung allows Qi to flow smoothly. Treating jaundice also involves clearing Stomach damp-heat. Recently, some treat Yin fire by frying with child's urine, claiming it benefits the Blood of the Shaoyin Meridian; combined with Psoraleae Fructus (Guzhi), it nourishes Yin and descends fire, clearing the upper and securing the lower; although cold, it has a tonifying quality. *Yanyi* states: "It bends downward, descending fire and opening depression, treating fire within masses." Dongyuan stated: "It treats blood stasis below the umbilicus causing urinary retention." He also said: "It cools the Heart and Kidney." This herb is excellent for the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao; ultimately, it clears Lung fire, regulates Lung Qi, and nourishes the Lung source. Those that are tight, small, and seven-edged are superior. Using the kernel clears Heart and Chest heat; using the skin treats exterior heat; normally used raw. For deficiency fire, fry seven times with child's urine until black.

Glehniae Radix (Shashen)
Glehniae Radix is cold in nature with a sweet and bitter taste; it removes exterior heat and Stomach obstruction, sudden hernia, malignant sores, and body itching; it disperses blood stasis and tonifies Yin Qi.
It grows in sandy soil. Leaves resemble Goji berries; roots resemble mallow, thick externally reddish-yellow and internally white. Also known as Baishen; those from Huazhou are superior. Non-toxic. It treats heat between muscles and skin, headache with chills and fever, Stomach obstruction with heart and abdominal pain and heat accumulation, sudden hernia with dragging and colicky pain, all malignant sores and tinea, floating wind with body itching, disperses blood stasis, and mostly benefits the Liver. It is most suitable for those who desire sleep but suffer from fright and irritability; thus, it is considered the principal herb for the Jueyin channel. It also clears Lung heat and can tonify the Yin of the Five Zang organs, guided to each organ as needed. Yilao often used it to replace Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) for its sweetness. Soak in rice wash water and sun-dry. It opposes Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Fangji) and is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).

Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen)
Scrophulariae Radix is salty and bitter with a slightly cold qi; it clears the spirit, dissipates rootless fire, treats wind-cold with body heat, malaria, confusion, and madness, and addresses Kidney injury, abdominal masses, and cervical scrofula.
It is Black Shen. Non-toxic. Yilao stated: "It is a pivot agent, often leading the Qi up and down to maintain order without turbidity, treating the misty Qi in the void, and rootless fire in the Sanjiao. It must be used for Kidney injury and is the sovereign herb of the *Bencao Jing*." It treats sudden wind-cold, body heat with fullness, sudden madness and unawareness. For warm malaria with shivering, excessive Qi in the chest, irritability, thirst, and swelling due to fire, these are all caused by turbid Qi. It tonifies internal Kidney Qi injury, brightens the eyes, strengthens Yin, and benefits Essence. It treats scrofula on the neck, abdominal masses, bone-steaming, palpitations, forgetfulness, all abscesses and scrofula, head wind, throat obstruction, heat-toxin wandering wind, all caused by the gathering of phlegm and fire. It also treats postpartum residual diseases in women, blood stasis and masses, rightly named a "Holy Medicine"! Wash with cattail leaves and steam over a partition, or steam with wine. It opposes Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Astragali Membranacei Radix (Huangqi), Jujubae Fructus (Dazao), and Cornus Officinalis Fruit (Shanzhuyu); it is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu) and strictly avoids copper and iron.

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (Danshen)
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix is bitter and cold, treating heat-induced mania; it governs chronic masses and intestinal rumbling like flowing water; it treats sores and toxins on the head, eyes, waist, and feet; it benefits women by regulating pregnancy, menstruation, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea.
It is Red Shen. Non-toxic. It treats wind-pathogen retained heat causing mania and oppression, and cold-heat labor fever. It breaks masses and treats chronic heart and abdominal diseases. When pathogenic Qi enters the intestines, rumbling occurs like flowing water; headache, red eyes, bone joint pain, stiff spine, limb paralysis, and soft painful legs are treated by soaking in wine and drinking alone. It can chase galloping horses, hence also called Benma Cao (Running Horse Grass). For malignant sores, goiters, tumors, and swelling/toxins, it drains pus, stops pain, generates flesh, calms fetal life, expels dead fetus, stops metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, regulates uneven menstruation, benefits Qi and nourishes Blood, opens collateral vessels, and is an agent that removes the old and generates the new. The stem has square edges and is bluish-green; leaves are opposite, hairy like Mint, with several roots per shoot. Roots are red, thick as a finger, over a chi long, found everywhere. Harvest roots in October, wash with wine, and sun-dry. It fears saline water and is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).

Bupleuri Radix Purpurea (Zishen)
Bupleuri Radix Purpurea is bitter and acrid with a cold qi; it removes great heat hidden in the Stomach and Intestines; it treats dysentery, unblocks meridians, treats various blood disorders, breaks accumulations, eliminates abscesses, and opens orifices.
Leaves resemble Shepherd's Purse; purple flowers with green spikes; skin is purplish-black, flesh is red and white, flesh shallow and skin deep; seeds are black and bean-sized, found everywhere. Also known as Mumeng. Non-toxic. It treats great heat in the Stomach and Intestines, spitting blood, epistaxis, and blood accumulation in the intestines. Zhang Zhongjing used Licorice Root (Gancao) to assist it for treating dysentery; the *Ju Fang* uses it to regulate women's menstruation. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: "It treats heart and abdominal accumulations, wind-cold pathogenic Qi, abscesses, and various sores, primarily by opening the nine orifices and promoting urination and defecation." Harvest roots in March, roast until purple. It forbids Magnolia Flower (Xinyi).

Peucedani Radix (Qianhu)
Peucedani Radix is non-toxic and bitter-cold; it mainly treats epidemic internal and external heat; it directs Qi downward, eliminates phlegm, clears head and eyes, calms the fetus, treats infantile malnutrition, and breaks accumulations.
Sprouts emerge before Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu). It treats cold damage and epidemic Qi, internal and external heat, half-exterior half-interior syndromes, phlegm fullness in chest and hypochondrium with stagnation, Qi knot in heart and abdomen, dizziness and headache, bone joint soreness, coughing, wheezing, vomiting, chills, and fever. *Rihua* also states it calms the fetus, treats infantile malnutrition Qi, breaks accumulations, and opens the Stomach to promote eating; all these result from eliminating phlegm, directing Qi downward, and pushing out the old to generate the new. Wash, scrape off black skin and rhizome, or soak in Bamboo Sap (Zhuli) and sun-dry. Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) serves as a guide. It opposes Gleditsia Sinensis Spina (Zaojia) and forbids Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).

Petasites Rhizoma (Baiqian)
Petasites Rhizoma has a sweet and acrid, neutral taste; it excellently protects Lung Qi for coughs with emotion, chest and hypochondriac oppression, Qi rushing upward, insomnia, and a frog-like sound in the throat.
White in color, sprouts resemble Qianhu, roots resemble Peucedani Radix (Baiwei) and Asarum Herba (Xixin). It protects and clears the Lung; widely used for Qi cough and chronic cough, especially when assisted by warm herbs. It treats chest and hypochondriac oppression, rebellious Qi rushing upward, suffocation preventing sleep, and a constant frog-like sound in the throat. *Rihua* uses it for Ben Tun (running piglet) with rising Qi and oppression. Soak in Licorice Water, remove head and whiskers, and bake dry.

Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng)
Platycodonis Radix is bitter and acrid, lifting Qi and Blood; head, eyes, nose, and throat heat all relate to the Lung; chest, hypochondrium, abdomen, and intestines often have phlegm; it also calms convulsions and drains boils.
Jie means knot; Geng means rope; its texture knots like a rope. Nature is slightly warm. Slightly toxic. Floating and ascending, Yin containing Yang, it is a guiding herb for the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. *Yanyi* states it opens and lifts Qi and Blood. It is suitable in Qi and Blood formulas, carrying other herbs so they do not sink, acting as a boat and oar. It treats Lung heat with rapid breathing, coughing with reverse flow, pus, blood, chills, and fever, Lung萎 (flaccidity) and Lung abscess, unclear head and eyes, nasal congestion, epistaxis, mouth sores, dental wind, throat obstruction, swollen throat, stabbing pain in chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and masses, intestinal rumbling and dysentery, central cold with indigestion, cholera with cramps; all are due to Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, and Phlegm obstruction. It also calms fright and wind-bi in adults, and external shock and convulsions in children. For all sores, boils, and carbuncles presenting as exterior excess, it guides herbs to ascend and reach the exterior. Although Materia Medica says it tonifies Qi and Blood, and nourishes Blood to repair internal leaks, Xu Jingyang stated it can raise Water and descend Fire. I also believe it has the meaning of a well-sweep (Jie Gao); thus, Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat Shaoyin sore throat and dryness. However, *Yanyi* says it can open and scatter Qi and Blood stagnation, thereby clearing phlegm; it can lift and move upward to the exterior, yet contains descending within ascending. Thus, Danxi said: "It is unsuitable for those with lower deficiency and rising anger." Remove the head and side branches, soak in rice wash water overnight, bake dry, and use the node skin as a guide. It forbids Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji), Longan Arillus (Longyan), and Gentianae Radix (Longdan). Combined with Ostrea Concha (Muli) and Polygala Radix (Yuanzhi), it treats anger; combined with Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) and Scallion Stem (Congbai), it can raise Qi from the deepest Yin; combined with Mirabilite (Xiaoshi) and Rheum Palmatum Rhizoma (Dahuang), it guides to the highest part of the uterus, benefiting the Five Zang and intestines/stomach. There is another type, Sweet Platycodon, which is Shepherd's Purse root, enough to confuse with Ginseng. See later volume.

Stemonae Radix (Baiibu)
Stemonae Radix is slightly warm with a bitter and sweet taste; it mainly removes Lung heat and rising Qi; acute and chronic coughs are treated by decocting alone with honey; it kills parasites, treats consumption, and addresses malnutrition.
Referring to its roots growing in clusters of hundreds. Non-toxic. It treats Lung heat cough with rising Qi, moistening the Lung and removing Lung parasites. All acute, chronic, and consumptive coughs should be crushed into juice, mixed equally with honey, decocted into a paste, and swallowed slowly. Thus, Dongyuan said: "Treating Lung heat stops cough immediately." It also treats malnutrition, roundworms, tuberculosis, bone-steaming labor worms, killing Taenia Saginata (Cunbai) and Enterobius Vermicularis (Nuochong); it also removes lice; boiling soup and washing cattle and dog lice removes them. It treats all wood-boring insects; burning them also kills flies and midges. Remove the heart, wash with wine, stir-fry, or sun-dry.

Morus Alba Root Bark (Sangbaipi)
Morus Alba Root Bark is sweet, astringent, and cold, non-toxic; it clears Guest Heat in the Lung for coughs with red sputum, removes Lung pathogenic water to reduce edema and fullness, benefits Lung Yuan Qi, and treats internal injury.
The character Sang depicts many hands harvesting. Leaves feed silkworms; root bark enters medicine, entering the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. It clears excess Guest Heat in the Lung, wheezing, coughing, irritability, thirst, red sputum; removes pathogenic water in the Lung, reduces edema and abdominal fullness, promotes water passages, and benefits insufficient Lung Yuan Qi. For internal injury with emaciation, metrorrhagia, and absent pulse, it also removes Taenia Saginata. Made into thread, it sutures metallic wounds; applying hot chicken blood enhances efficacy. Harvest tender eastern-growing roots from soil, remove bones, scrape thin skin with copper knife, do not let saliva fall on the skin. Use raw for promoting water metabolism; steam with honey or stir-fry for coughs. Those dug from earth kill people. Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan), Cinnamon Twig (Guixin), and Cannabis Seed (Mazi) serve as guides. Avoid iron and lead. The white juice in Sangpi treats infantile mouth sores and thrush; applying it is miraculous. Smearing it on knife wounds stops bleeding quickly; wrapping with peeled white bark allows juice to enter the wound, which is good. For snake bites, centipede, and spider venom, applying it is effective. Mulberry Leaf (Sangye) treats wind-cold, wind-pain, cholera, and abdominal pain; salt-grind and apply for snake, insect, and centipede bites; sweat profusely. Harvest leaves with dew, bake into powder, take two qian with empty stomach rice drink. Mulberry Branch (Sangzhi) is neutral; finely chop, stir-fry until fragrant, decoct in water, drink concentrated juice; treats unilateral wind-itch and dryness, gouty wind-spasm, Lung cough with dry mouth, promotes urination; long-term use lightens the body, sharpens ears and eyes, gives luster, drink when thirsty in summer. A scholar suffered arm pain unresponsive to other drugs; taking this cured him quickly, showing effect after one month. Mulberry Fungus (Sanger) is sweet. Toxic. Black ones treat women's leukorrhea with red and white discharge, blood pain and masses, vaginal pain and infertility; yellow, ripe, aged white ones stop chronic diarrhea and benefit Qi; golden ones treat phlegm-fluid, accumulations, abdominal pain, and metallic wounds. Mulberry Fruit (Sangshen) sun-dried, pounded into powder, formed into pills with honey; stops thirst, treats heat from minerals and metals.

Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix (Shandoudgen)
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix is sweet and cold, detoxifying; for urgent jaundice and heat-cough, it should be used first; for sore throat and swelling, hold in mouth and swallow saliva; for five hemorrhoids and head sores, grind with water.
Grows in mountains, fruit resembles beans. Sichuan origin is best. Excellent at resolving drug toxicity, gu poison, and Taenia Saginata. Treats five types of urgent jaundice, fever, and cough; take two qian mixed with water on an empty stomach. For throat obstruction, hold a slice in mouth and swallow saliva; for five hemorrhoids, grind with water and take; for bald head sores with white scales, apply water-grinded paste or oil-mixed powder. Also treats toothache, red-white dysentery, abdominal distension, and asthma; form into pills with honey or decoct in water. For spider, dog, and snake bites, apply water-grinded paste.

Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai)
Indigo Naturalis is sweet and salty with a cold nature and qi; it collects Fire of the Five Zang, especially clearing Liver Fire; it digests food, detoxifies, reduces sores and swelling, and treats infantile malnutrition in myriad ways.
Blue in color, anciently used for eyebrow painting, hence Dai, which is Indigo Flower. Non-toxic. It collects constrained Fire of the Five Zang, especially clears Liver Fire, digests food accumulation, resolves drug toxicity. Rub and apply for hot sores, malignant swelling, metallic wounds with bleeding, snake and dog bites; infantile convulsions, fever with dry hair, dry nose and skin, yellow face and thin limbs, abdominal distension and diarrhea, myriad malnutrition syndromes; effective.

Isatidis Fructus (Lanshi)
Isatidis Fructus is sweet and cold, bitter killing parasites; detoxification and resolving knots are most suitable; leaves treat heat-mania and hematemesis; detoxification and parasite-killing are even more extraordinary.
The character Lan comes from Jian (supervise); Monthly Ordinances state not to harvest Isatis in mid-summer to avoid damaging growing Qi; Shi means seed. Non-toxic. It treats infantile ghost-wandering diseases, resolves knotted Qi in meridians and败血 (decayed blood). Leaf juice treats epidemic heat-mania and irritability, hematemesis, epistaxis, red eyes, infantile high fever, malnutrition heat, erysipelas heat, wandering wind heat-swelling, carbuncles, bald head, all heat-toxins. Resolves drug toxicity, arrow poison, metallic wound blood-stagnation, postpartum blood fainting. Kills Ascaris, snake injuries, spider and bee stings; crush juice into one bowl, add little Realgar (Xionghuang) and Musk (Shexiang), apply to bite site or take finely. Also treats dysphagia with no food intake due to worms; taking juice alone turns worms into water. Burn true blue cloth to ash, apply to malignant sores not healing for years; for moxibustion wounds bleeding, prevents stroke.
The above are herbs treating Upper Jiao heat.

Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian)
Coptidis Rhizoma is bitter and cold, clearing Heart and Stomach; red eyes, mouth sores, chest oppression and stagnation, heat-vomiting, heat-dysentery, heat-toxin sores, female genital swelling/pain, infantile malnutrition Qi.
Huang means shining, resembling sunlight color; grows in beads, is an upper grass. Non-toxic. Strong flavor, thin qi, Yin containing Yang, enters Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Fire follows dryness; however, clearing Heart actually clears Spleen and Stomach; the son makes the mother full. Heart Fire becomes abundant due to Spleen damp-heat; thus, the eye is the envoy of the Middle Jiao. Wine-soaked and fried herbs ascend to head, eyes, mouth, and tongue; Ginger-juice fried herbs disperse acridly, contributing to flushing heat, eliminating sub-diaphragmatic fullness, and Fu Liang accumulations. Heat constrained in Middle Jiao wanting to vomit but unable, nausea, acid regurgitation, palpitations, forgetfulness, or sudden heart pain, heat-vomiting, heat-diarrhea, heat-dysentery. All damp-heat with emaciation and rapid breathing, all epidemic heat-toxin and summer-toxin, all kinds of evil and filth toxins, all sores and ulcers toxins, all use Ginger to moderate their coldness, slightly changing their nature to prevent heat conflict. Raw use treats excess fire, macules, mania, irritability, and thirst. Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu) water-fried regulates Stomach and thickens Intestines, treats cold-heat imbalance, chronic dysentery and diarrhea, intestinal pain and bloody stool, benefits Gallbladder and calms Liver, stops bleeding and moves stagnation. Yellow Earth-fried treats food accumulation, calms roundworms, infantile malnutrition with worms eating dirt. Salt-water-fried treats latent fire in Lower Jiao, female genital swelling and pain. Remove Heart, treat Lower Jiao deficiency, strengthen Kidney. *Rihua* says: "Treats five labors and seven injuries," referring to clearing South and tonifying North. Danxi said Huanglian treats diseases by clearing Heart and Stomach. Not suitable for Cold in intestines/stomach, early purging in cold damage, Yin-deficiency bleeding, and Spleen damage with blood failing to return to origin. Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Fossilized Bones (Longgu) serve as guides. Opposes Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua), and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen); forbids Aster Tataricus Radix (Kuandonghua); overcomes Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Wutou); resolves Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae (Badou) toxicity. Avoid pork and cold water. Single prescription: Treats two red lines under infant's nose, called Bi Gan; wash with rice water, apply Huanglian powder.

Coptidis Rhizoma Japonicum (Huhuanglian)
Coptidis Rhizoma Japonicum is bitter and neutral in nature; cold damage cough, malaria, bone-steaming; tonifies Liver, brightens eyes, regulates Waist and Kidney; treats infantile malnutrition dysentery and calms convulsions/fright.
From Hu lands. Non-toxic. Treats cold damage fever and cough, relapse fever after labor, red urine and feces like blood, warm malaria and bone-steaming, internal injury with five-center heat. Tonifies Liver and Gallbladder, brightens eyes, regulates Waist and Kidney, removes Yin sweat, infantile chronic dysentery becoming malnutrition, convulsions with chills and fever. Also treats postpartum steaming and deficiency fright in women. Yellow outside, black inside; authentic if dust comes out like smoke when broken. Opposes Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua) and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen); avoids pork.

Fortunellae Fructus (Lianqiao)
Fortunellae Fructus is bitter and cold, scattering Heart Fire; damp-heat in Spleen meridian is particularly mild; draining pus and reducing swelling serves as sovereign; treating blood and promoting urination acts as assistant.
Pieces connected like bird tails. Non-toxic. Floating and ascending, Yang, herb for Hand and Foot Shaoyang and Yangming meridians. Enters Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, scatters constrained Fire and guest heat in Heart meridian, descends Spleen and Stomach damp-heat, specializes in draining pus and reducing swelling; indispensable for scrofula, goiter, abscesses, and malignant sores. For blood-excess patterns, combined with Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) as Middle Jiao assistants; Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) as upper assistant, Sanguisorbae Radix (Diyu) as lower assistant. Also benefits menstruation. Promotes five stranguries, dissolves gu toxin; all syndromes are formed by Heart Fire stagnation. This herb has light aroma and taste, yet can scatter fire and resolve depression; use cautiously in deficiency. Most suitable for infantile sores with guest heat; remove pith. Root is called Lianyao, bitter and cold; not noted in *Bencao Jing*, only Zhang Zhongjing used it in cold damage for body heat and jaundice.

Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen)
Puerariae Lobatae Radix is sweet and neutral, excellently resolving muscle layer; suitable for Yangming forehead and temple pain; stops vomiting, generates fluids, stops thirst, resolves malaria and dysentery, antidotes alcohol; treats bi-wind and hypochondriac pain.
Ge means leather/vine; vines can make ropes. Non-toxic. Floating and slightly descending, Yang containing Yin, herb for Foot-Yangming Meridian. Excellently resolves muscle layer and induces sweating; eye pain, nasal dryness, front body great heat, irritability wanting to go mad, forehead pain are Yangming syndromes; use timely. If temporal pain occurs, using this draws pathogen into Yangming. Stops vomiting and incessant dry retching; generates fluids and stops thirst by raising Stomach Qi and removing Stomach heat. Use sparingly in Stomach deficiency. Treats heat-toxin bloody dysentery, warm malaria with alternating chills/fever; antidotes alcohol, vegetable toxins, drug toxins, wild Ge, and Radix Euphorbiae Lathyris (Badou). For wind-bi and wind-hypochondriac pain, use it; Stomach Yang rises and pathogen scatters. Also promotes urination, drains pus, breaks blood, stops bleeding; thus, metallic wound practitioners use it; for arrow poison, apply to snake/insect bites, also effective. Harvest deep-rooted ones in May, peel and sun-dry. Fresh root juice is very cold; treats epidemic seasonal diseases, high fever and thirst, heat-toxin hematemesis, and pregnancy heat disease with chest oppression, infantile fetal heat; leaves stop metallic wound bleeding; Ge Qiao (pod) treats dysentery in those over ten; flowers dissolve alcohol; take dried powder of soybean flower with flower powder, one cun bi, so drinking does not cause intoxication; Ge Fen (starch) is sweet and cold; suppresses Dan Shi, antidotes Turtledove poison; mix three he with water, remove irritability and heat, promote urination and defecation, stop thirst. To obtain starch, harvest fresh Ge in winter, rub in water to extract starch,