经曰∶膀胱者，津液之府也，与肾为表里，号为水曹〔掾〕，〔又〕名玉海，
〔足〕太阳是其经也。总通〔于〕五腑，所以五腑有疾，则应膀胱；膀胱有疾，〔即
应〕胞囊〔也〕。〔伤热则〕小便不利，热入膀胱，则其气急，而小便黄涩也；膀胱
寒则小便数而清（白）也。又水发则〔其〕根在膀胱，〔四肢瘦小〕，而腹反
大〔是〕也。又膀胱咳〔久〕不已，传之三焦，满而不欲饮食也。然〔上〕
焦主心肺之病，人有热，则食不入；寒则神不守，泄下利不止，语声不出也。
实则上绝于〔心〕气不行也，虚则引热气于肺。其三焦和，则五脏六腑之
气和，逆则皆逆。膀胱经中有厥气，〔则〕梦行不快；满胀，则小便不下，
脐下〔重〕闷，或〔肩痛也〕。绝〔则〕三日死，死在鸡鸣也。此膀胱虚实
〔寒热〕生死逆顺脉证之法也。
《主治备要》云∶是动则病（气）冲头痛，目似脱，项似拔，脊痛，腰似折，髀不
可以曲， 〔如〕结，〔 〕如裂，是为踝厥。〔是〕主筋所生病者，痔，疟，狂，癫
疾，头囟项痛，目黄泪出，鼽衄，项、〔背〕、腰、尻、 、〔 〕，脚皆痛，足小指
不用。《脉诀》云∶左尺，膀胱肾脉之所出也，先以轻手得之，是膀胱，属表；后以重手
得之，是肾，属里。命门与肾脉循骨而行，〔持〕脉指法，按至骨上得之为沉；又重
手按之，脉道无力者，为濡；举手来疾流利者为滑。此乃沉濡而滑，命门与肾〔脉〕
不病之状也。命门与肾部近骨，若出于骨上，见于皮肤血脉筋骨之间，是其浮也；入而
至骨，是其沉也。
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (or *Huangdi Neijing*) states: The Bladder is the mansion of fluids, exteriorly-interiorly related to the Kidney, designated as the "Water Official" (*Shui Cao Yuan*), and also known as the "Jade Sea." The Foot-Taiyang (Greater Yang of the Foot) meridian belongs to it. It generally connects with the five Fu organs; therefore, when diseases occur in the five Fu organs, they correspond to the Bladder; when the Bladder has disease, it corresponds to the Bao Luo (uterus or seminal vesicle). If heat pathogen injures it, urination will be difficult; if heat enters the Bladder, its qi becomes urgent, resulting in yellow and astringent urine; if the Bladder is cold, there will be frequent and clear urine. Furthermore, the root of water swelling lies in the Bladder, manifesting as thin and small limbs while the abdomen is disproportionately large. Additionally, if Bladder cough persists for a long time without healing, it transmits to the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), causing fullness and loss of appetite. However, the Upper Jiao primarily governs diseases of the Heart and Lung; if a person has heat, food cannot enter; if there is cold, the spirit does not remain settled, leading to continuous diarrhea and dysentery, and inability to speak. Excess conditions cause the Heart qi to be blocked from circulating; deficiency conditions draw heat qi into the Lung. When the Sanjiao is harmonious, the qi of the five Zang and six Fu organs is harmonious; when it is inverted, all qi becomes inverted. If there is Jue qi (rebellious/cold qi) in the Bladder meridian, one dreams of being unable to walk smoothly; if there is fullness and distension, urination will not descend, with heaviness and oppression below the umbilicus, or shoulder pain. If the meridian qi is exhausted, death occurs in three days, specifically at the time of cockcrow. This describes the methods for determining pulse and syndrome patterns regarding excess/deficiency, cold/heat, life/death, and favorable/unfavorable outcomes for the Bladder.
The *Zhu Zhi Bei Yao* (Essentials of Main Treatment) states: When this meridian is moved (pathologically altered), it causes disease such as Qi rushing to the head causing pain, eyes feeling as if they are falling out, neck feeling as if being pulled, spinal pain, waist feeling as if broken, thighs unable to bend, the popliteal fossa feeling like it is knotted, and the calf feeling as if torn apart; this is called An-Jue (Ankle Reversal). It mainly governs diseases occurring in the sinews, including hemorrhoids, malaria, mania, epilepsy, pain in the vertex, occiput, and neck, yellow eyes with tearing, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, pain in the neck, back, waist, sacrum, popliteal fossa, and calf, and dysfunction of the little toe. The *Mai Jue* (Pulse Classic) states: The left Chi position is where the Bladder and Kidney pulses originate. First, using light pressure, the Bladder pulse is obtained, belonging to the Exterior; subsequently, using heavy pressure, the Kidney pulse is obtained, belonging to the Interior. the Mingmen (Gate of Life) and Kidney pulses run along the bone. The finger technique for taking the pulse involves pressing until the bone is reached to identify the Deep (*Chen*) pulse; pressing heavily again, if the pulse channel lacks strength, it is identified as the Soggy (*Ru*) pulse; lifting the hand quickly with a smooth and rapid flow characterizes the Slippery (*Hua*) pulse. These are the states of Deep, Soggy, and Slippery pulses, indicating that the Mingmen and Kidney are not diseased. The positions of the Mingmen and Kidney are close to the bone; if the pulse emerges above the bone, appearing between the skin, blood vessels, sinews, and bones, this is Floating (*Fu*); entering down to the bone, this is Deep (*Chen*).