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The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Large Intestine is the fu-organ of the Lung, responsible for transmission and excretion, known as the "Official of Surveillance." When Lung disease persists, it transmits to the Large Intestine; the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing) is its channel. Cold causes diarrhea, heat causes constipation; if Qi of the Large Intestine is severed, unceasing dysentery occurs leading to death. Extreme heat leads to hematochezia (blood in stool). Wind invading the Large Intestine also causes lower bleeding. Excess-heat results in abdominal distension and inability to pass stool; deficiency-cold results in unceasing slippery diarrhea. The state of the Large Intestine fluctuates between deficiency and excess, with Qi coming and going intermittently. Cold causes loose stools, heat causes tenesmus; if there are accumulated pathogens, chills and tremors occur; heat causes thirst resembling malaria. If cold accumulation persists, periumbilical pain occurs, preventing prolonged standing; after the pain subsides, white mucous discharge is passed. Deficiency manifests as a preference for fullness, wheezing, coughing, and a sensation of a lump obstructing the throat. This describes the methods for judging pulse and syndrome patterns regarding deficiency/excess and cold/heat of the Large Intestine, indicating life/death and favorable/unfavorable outcomes.

The *Zhu Zhi Bei Yao* states: When the meridian moves abnormally, toothache and neck swelling occur. It primarily governs diseases generated by fluids, manifesting as yellow eyes, dry mouth, epistaxis, bi-syndrome of the throat (Hou Bi), pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain or dysfunction of the index and thumb. If Qi is in excess, heat and swelling occur along the meridian's pathway; if deficient, chills occur that do not easily resolve.

The *Mai Jue* states: The Right Cun position is where the pulses of the Large Intestine and Lung emerge. Light pressure reveals the Large Intestine pulse, belonging to the Exterior; heavy pressure reveals the Lung pulse, belonging to the Interior. The Lung governs the skin and hair, and its pulse travels through them. In pulse diagnosis, applying light pressure equivalent to three fava beans, feeling the pulse at the skin level, constitutes a Floating Pulse (Fu Mai); slightly increasing pressure causing sluggish flow constitutes a Choppy Pulse (Se Mai); further increasing pressure causing the pulse to retract into the Guan and Chi positions, with movement only in the lower half of the finger, constitutes a Short Pulse (Duan Mai). These floating, choppy, and short qualities indicate a healthy Lung without disease. The root of the Lung pulse emerges above the skin/hair, appearing on the surface, which is Floating; entering the blood vessels and muscle layers, which is Deep (Chen Mai).

The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Kidney is the residence of Spirit and the root of Life, externally connecting to the ears. In men, it stores Essence; in women, it anchors the Uterus. It forms an interior-exterior relationship with the Bladder, and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing) is its channel. If Kidney Qi is severed, one dies before fulfilling their natural lifespan. It prospers in Winter; a sinking and slippery pulse is normal. Deviation indicates disease. A pulse arriving hard like a stone is called Excessive (Tai Guo), indicating exterior disease; departing loosely like untying a rope is called Insufficient (Bu Ji), indicating interior disease. Excess causes lethargy, spinal pain, shortness of breath, and reluctance to speak; insufficiency causes a hanging sensation in the heart, lower abdominal fullness, urinary incontinence, and yellow complexion. Furthermore, a Kidney pulse arriving hurriedly and continuously like a hook, firm upon pressure, is normal; arriving like pulling a vine, becoming harder upon pressure, indicates disease; arriving like a turning rope, clicking like striking stone, indicates death. A Kidney pulse showing only Stone quality without Stomach Qi also indicates death. Water retention in the Kidney causes abdominal distension, umbilical swelling, heavy painful waist, inability to urinate, dampness in the genital area, sweating on the soles like ox nose sweat, cold feet, and difficult defecation. Kidney disease presents with cold hands and feet, red face, yellow eyes, urinary incontinence, bone joint pain, stasis-heat in the lower abdomen, Qi rushing to the heart. The pulse should be Sinking, Fine, and Slippery; if it becomes Floating and Large instead, and the color turns Yellow instead of Black, with shallow breathing, deafness, seminal emission, poor appetite, undigested food in stool, and a Slow pulse, it is treatable. In Winter, a Sinking and Slippery pulse is normal; if Floating, Large, and Slow instead, Earth overcomes Water, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable; if Floating, Choppy, and Short instead, Metal overcomes Water (Lung overcomes Kidney), though sick, easy to treat; if Wiry, Fine, and Long instead, Wood overcomes Water (Liver overcomes Kidney), self-healing without treatment; if Floating, Large, and Surging instead, Fire overcomes Water (Heart overcomes Kidney), not hindering. Kidney disease involves abdominal and calf swelling, wheezing/coughing, heavy body, night sweats, aversion to wind. Deficiency causes chest pain. Yin pathogen entering the Kidney causes bone萎 (Wei Syndrome) and lumbar pain radiating to the spine. Overindulgence in sex, sweating exposed to wind, long standing in water, damages the Kidney. An urgent pulse severely indicates Wei Syndrome; mildly urgent indicates Sinking Jue, Ben Tun Qi, and foot inability to support. A slack pulse severely indicates deficiency; mildly slack indicates Dong Xie (profuse diarrhea), inability to eat, regurgitation. A large pulse severely indicates Impotence; mildly large indicates Water Qi rising from below the navel, swelling up to the chest, indicating death. A small pulse severely indicates Dong Xie; micro-small indicates Xiao Dan (Wasting-Thirst). A slippery pulse severely indicates Long Bi (dysuria); mildly slippery causes bone萎, difficulty sitting/rising, blurred vision. A choppy pulse severely indicates Cold obstruction; mildly choppy causes amenorrhea and hemorrhoids. A pulse arriving firm and large indicates accumulated Qi in the Yin region and abdomen, named Ren Bi (Kidney Bi), caused by bathing in cold water or sleeping on damp ground. A Sinking, Large, Firm pulse, Tight on superficial palpation, with swollen cold extremities, impotence, back pain, lower abdominal swelling, subcardiac fluid retention, bloating, and Dong Xie, is caused by intercourse while wet from bathing. Deficiency dreams of drowning people in boats; during its season, dreams of lying underwater with fear; Excess dreams of jumping into deep water. Kidney distension causes abdominal pain/fullness radiating to the spine/waist. Kidney disease is stable at midnight, worsens during the four seasons, and quiet in the late afternoon. Symptoms include hot mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, rebellious Qi, dry/painful pharynx, vexing heart pain, jaundice, intestinal dysentery, Wei Jue, stiff painful back/spine, somnolence, hot/painful sole, heel soreness. Chronic untreated Kidney disease leading to dorsal tendon pain, urinary retention, hypochondriac fullness, and blindness is fatal. Kidney Accumulation (Ji) causes mutual pulling pain in waist/spine, worse when hungry, better when full, due to cold knotting below the navel. The accumulation pulse is fine and soft, adhering to the bone; white face, black eyes, internal Kidney injury, death in eight days. Also, penile retraction, urinary retention or incontinence, indicates death. Blue-yellow complexion extending to ears in a thirty-year-old indicates death in 100 days; unilateral discoloration indicates death in one year. Excess causes vexation/heaviness below navel; Heat causes scorched mouth/tongue and dark scanty urine; Cold causes swelling/pain in yin/lower back, black face, deafness, dry retching/anorexia, or hematemesis. Throat rattling, sitting wheezing/coughing, hemoptysis also indicate Kidney deficiency-cold and impending Qi exhaustion. This describes the methods for judging pulse/syndrome patterns of the Kidney regarding deficiency/excess and cold/heat, indicating life/death and favorable/unfavorable outcomes.

The *Zhu Zhi Bei Yao* states: Meridian movement causes hunger without desire to eat, face black like lacquered wood, bloody sputum, noisy wheezing, restlessness wanting to rise, visual impairment, empty heart like hunger, fearfulness due to Qi deficiency, palpitations as if hunted, termed Bone Jue. It governs Kidney-generated diseases: hot mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, rebellious Qi, dry/painful pharynx, vexing heart, heart pain, jaundice, intestinal dysentery, posterior medial thigh/back pain, Wei Jue, somnolence, hot/painful soles. The Kidney suffers from Dryness, treated with Acrid moistening agents like Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex). The Kidney desires firmness, secured by Bitter Zhimu, tonified by Bitter Huangbai, drained by Salty Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma). Kidney deficiency is tonified with Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and Huangbai. The Kidney has no Excess, cannot be drained; Qian Yi only used Bu Shen Di Huang Wan, no draining herbs. Lung is the Mother of Kidney, Metal generates Water; thus, tonifying the Mother treats it, using Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus).