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Zhang Zhongjing discussed five distinct types of fluid retention (Yin), with concise and essential points. The treatment principle should be to harmonize using warm herbs. Zhang Zhongjing stated: A pulse that is deep and wiry indicates fluid retention; a bright and lustrous complexion indicates fluid retention. For patients with chronic fluid retention, severe coughing requires treating the fluid retention rather than merely treating the cough. Zhang Zhongjing held that external fluid retention is treated by addressing the Spleen, while internal fluid retention is treated by addressing the Kidney. The *Huangdi Neijing* states: Inability to lie flat, with worsening wheezing and obstruction upon lying down, is due to rebellious Qi of the Lung. Coughing and choking upon touching the pillow, resembling rebellious Qi failing to descend, where lower Qi rushes upward in rebellion, indicates phlegm-fluids lurking at the boundary of Supreme Yin (Kidney). This is undoubtedly a disease of the Kidney collaterals. Those who were formerly obese but are now emaciated suffer from fluid retention.

Strange diseases of the human body are mostly caused by severe phlegm; when the Spleen and Stomach are weak, dampness fails to seep away properly. When damp-heat steams and counterflows, it generates phlegm, which travels everywhere causing disease. The Spleen Qi scatters essence to generate body fluids, which transform into Qi and Blood, enriching the physical form. If affected by Qi stagnation, damp-heat, or wind pathogens, all body fluids transform into phlegm-fluids. Since phlegm rises with Qi, one must first regulate Qi; rising Qi often belongs to Fire, so reducing Fire is superior. Strengthening the Spleen and drying dampness is an excellent prescription (Shi Pi Tang uses Cang Zhu, Mu Gua, Xiang Fu, Gan Cao, Hou Po, Mu Xiang, Fu Pi, Bai Kou, Da Zao, Sheng Jiang, because phlegm originates in the Spleen and Stomach); reducing Fire and smoothing Qi can sustain life. Ancients generally used Er Chen Tang, modifying it according to the condition for miraculous effects. If there is Fire, add Zhi Zi, Huang Qin, Lian Lian; to reduce Qi use Su Ke, Rong Rong. Headache and nasal congestion indicate concurrent Wind, treat with Zi Su, Qiang Huo, Fang Feng. Red face, cough, wheezing, inability to expectorate sputum, sudden collapse with salivary froth indicates Epilepsy or Spasm. Hot phlegm uses Qing Dai, Huang Qin, Lian Lian, Gua Lou, plus Hua Fen, Zhi Mu, Jie Geng. Heavy body and fatigue indicate concurrent Dampness, with puffy face and urgent wheezing. A soggy and slippery pulse indicates Damp Phlegm, treat with Cang Zhu, Bai Zhu to dry dampness and strengthen the Spleen. Vomiting and inability to expectorate extremely hard phlegm, with panting upon movement, indicates concurrent Stagnation. Right pulse deep and slippery, left pulse level, use Xing Lou Fu Bei (Xiang Fu) combined with Hai Shi. Nausea, vomiting, chest oppression worsening with cold, with slippery and slow pulse, indicates Cold Phlegm, treat with Rou Gui, Gan Jiang, Yi Zhi Ren, Kuan Dong Hua, Xi Xin (Xi Xin must not be used lightly). Sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, opisthotonos indicates Wind Phlegm, effective immediately. Use Hei Bu, Bai Fu Zi, Tian Ma, Jiang Can, Ya Zao, combined with Zhu Li. Nausea, vomiting, sour taste in mouth and throat, chest fullness indicates concurrent Food Retention. Right Guan pulse tight and slippery indicates Food Phlegm, treat with Ping Wei San plus Mai Ya, Shan Zha, Zhi Shi. Qi deficiency requires Liu Jun Zi Tang, combined with Bei Mu, Hua Fen, Tian Dong, Mai Dong. Blood deficiency requires Si Wu Tang, Di Huang, Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, benefited by Jiang Zhi. Phlegm in the hypochondrium uses Bai Jie Zi, Qing Pi; stagnant phlegm in collaterals requires Zhu Li (add Jiang Zhi).

Fluid retention triggered by cold pathogen counterflowing upward: Gan Jiang, Gui Zhi, Xing Ren, Fu Ling, Yi Yi Ren, Wu Wei Zi, Bai Shao, Ban Xia, Ge Fen, Gan Cao.

Phlegm-heat internally closed causing unconsciousness: Ban Xia, Jie Geng, Yu Jin, Ju Hong, Chang Pu, Zhi Shi, Jiang Zhi, Zhu Li.

Wood-Fire invading the Middle, Stomach Fire: Er Chen Tang remove Gan Cao, add Dan Pi, Chuan Hu, Sang Ye, Ling Yang Jiao Pian, Lian Qiao, Hou Po, Jiang Xiang Zhi, Bai Ji Li, Ban Xia, Ju Hong.

Damp-heat steaming disease: Mao Zhu, Huang Bo, Gua Lou, Zhi Shi, Shan Zhi, Bai Ji Li, Huang Lian, Ban Xia, Hou Po, Ju Hong, Lai Fu, Jiang Xiang Zhi.

Kidney deficiency with excessive phlegm (Treating the root of phlegm): Shu Di, Fu Ling, Bu Gu Zhi, Che Qian, Wu Wei Zi, Huai Xi, Yuan Zhi, Hu Tao Rou, Gou Qi. Should be made into honey pills.

Spleen-Stomach Yang Deficiency: Liu Jun Zi Tang plus Mu Xiang, Yi Zhi Ren. *Waitai Mi Yao* Fu Ling Yin, Fu Ling, Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Zhi Shi, Ju Pi, Sheng Jiang, Fu Ling, Gui Zhi Tang.

Cold fluid retention and turbid evil rushing up to Dan Zhong, insomnia and mental dullness: Nan Xing, Jiang Zhi Zhi Fu Ling, Chang Pu, Bai Fu Zi, Jiang Zhi, Chao Gui Zhi, Zhi Cao.

Middle Deficiency with Damp-Heat: When Middle Jiao Yang Qi moves vigorously without cessation, how could Yin turbidity and phlegm-saliva have a place to occupy? Er Chen Tang plus Ren Shen, Shi Hu, Yi Yi Ren, Zhi Shi, Fu Ling. If yellow eyes and gingival bleeding occur, do not treat as Excess Heat.

Throat itching with phlegm-fluids concurrent with Dryness: Xing Ren, Ju Hong, Tian Hua Fen, Xiang Bei, Fu Ling, Ban Xia Qu.

Asthma with latent fluid retention: Xiao Qing Long Tang remove Xi Xin.

Qi and Fire failing to descend: Er Chen Tang remove Gan Cao, add Gua Lou, Shan Zhi, Yu Jin, Zuo Jin Wan, Zhi Shi, Zhu Li, Jiang Zhi.

Clear Yang in the Chest fails to rotate, branch collaterals bind fluid retention: Cold pain in the head, pulling pain in sinews and collaterals, cold extremities. 'End' refers to branches. *Waitai Mi Yao* Fu Ling Yin, Gua Lou, Ban Xia, Gui Zhi, Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Zhi Ju Yin, Xie Bai, Fu Ling, Jiang Zhi.

Chronic Liver Collateral disease, Suspended Fluid retention flowing into Stomach collaterals causing unceasing pain, suitable for Taiyang-Yangming Opening-Closing methods: Ren Shen, Gan Cao, Wei Jiang, Fu Ling, Gui Zhi, Nan Zao.

Opening and closing of Qi in the Fu organs is dysfunctional, most worrying about abdominal fullness. Taiyang governs opening, Yangming governs closing. When turbid Yin permeates, unblocking the Fu organs is equivalent to unblocking Yang. Imitate Zhang Zhongjing's method of opening Taiyang. Mu Li, Ze Xie, Gan Jiang, Fang Ji, Wu Wei Zi.

Mr. Chen said: Yu Jiayan stated that when turbid Yin adds to Heaven, unless the sun shines brightly, how can Qi and Dew retreat? Instead, using Yin herbs like Di Huang and Wu Wei Zi to harmonize Yin causes Yin mist to rush and rebel chaotically, making fluid retention unpredictable and overwhelming. One should use Zhang Zhongjing's method of combining Shu Di with Sheng Jiang, sweeping away group Yin to expel fluid retention, maintaining Yang Qi to establish the foundation.