〔《撮》〕喉痹乳蛾∶少商（针入一分，卧针向后三分。） 照海 太冲
〔洁〕喉闭不通∶少商 隐白 少冲 涌泉
〔《摘》〕喉痹颔肿如升，水粒不下∶少商（出血。）手大指背头节（三棱折刺三针，出血。）
阳谷（三分。）
〔《甲》〕喉痹，完骨及天容、气舍、天鼎、尺泽、合谷、商阳、阳溪、中渚、前谷、商丘、
然谷、阳交悉主之。喉痹胸中暴逆，先取冲脉，后取三里、云门（皆泻之。）
〔《脉》〕喉痹刺少阴，少阴在手腕，当小指掌后动脉是也，针入三分补之。
〔《甲》〕喉痹咽如梗，三间主之。喉痹不能言，温溜、曲池主之。喉痹气逆，口 ，咽喉
如扼状，行间主之。喉痹咽肿，水浆不下，璇玑主之。喉痹食不下，鸠尾主之。
白色粗理者肺大，肺大则多饮，善病喉痹。（全文见诊。）心脉大甚为喉 。（全文见治虚实法。）
形苦志苦，病生于咽嗌，治之以百药。（全文见治法。）
〔丹〕咽痛必用荆芥。阴虚火炎上者，必用玄参。
气虚人参加竹沥。血虚四物加竹沥。
咽痛，有阴气大虚，阳气飞越，痰结在上，遂成咽痛。脉必浮大，重取必涩，去死为近。
宜补阴阳，人参一味浓煎汤，细细饮之。（此证皆是劳嗽日久者有之，如用实喉痹条下诸方，
非徒无益而反害之。）
咽疮多虚火，游行无制，客于咽喉，宜用人参、蜜炙黄柏、荆芥治之。
润喉散治气郁夜热，咽干梗塞用。
桔梗（二钱半） 粉草 紫河车 香附（各三钱） 百药煎（一钱半）
上为细末，敷口内。
咽喉生疮损了，不用生姜，用之辛辣痛，又能散不收。
咽痛实热者。
黄连 荆芥 薄荷
蜜姜汁调噙。
咽中疮肿，蓖麻子一粒去皮，朴硝一钱同研，新汲水作一服，连进二三服效。（丹溪云∶
蓖麻子属金，性善收，能遣毒肿。又似属水，当是外科要药。）
〔罗〕龙麝聚圣丹治心脾客热，毒瓦斯攻冲，咽喉赤肿头痛，或成喉痹，或结硬不消，愈而
复发，经久不瘥。或舌本肿胀，满口生疮，饮食难咽，并宜服之。
川芎（一两） 生地 犀角屑 羚羊角 琥珀（研。各五钱） 马牙硝（研，三钱） 硼砂（研，一两）
人参 赤茯苓（各三钱） 玄参 桔梗 升麻 铅白霜（研） 连翘（各五钱） 朱砂（水飞，二钱）
牛黄（研，二钱） 麝香（研，三钱） 脑子（研，三钱） 金箔（为衣）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸。每两作十丸，用金箔为衣，每服一丸，薄荷水化下，或细嚼，或噙化。
如无薄荷，新水亦可，临卧用之。
祛毒牛黄膏治大人小儿咽喉肿痛，舌本强硬，满口生疮，涎潮喘急，饮食难进，咽膈不利。
牛黄（研，三钱半） 人参 琥珀 犀角（取细末） 桔梗 生地 硼砂（各半两） 雄黄（一两）
玄参 升麻（各三钱） 蛤粉（水飞，四两） 寒水石（ ，二两） 朱砂（飞研，七钱） 铅白霜
脑子（各一钱） 金箔（为衣）
上为细末，炼蜜丸如小弹子大，金箔为衣。用磁石器内收贮，每服一丸，浓煎薄荷汤化下，
或新汲水服亦得。日进二三服，噙化亦得。
咽喉备急丹青黛 芒硝 白僵蚕（各一两） 甘草（四两）
上为细末，用腊月内牛胆有黄者，盛药其中，荫四十九日，多时为妙。
〔《经》〕患喉痛。含山豆根一片，细咽津极妙。
〔丹〕咽痛。硼砂或和胆矾、白僵蚕、白霜梅和噙。又方，百药煎去黑皮、硼砂、甘草、生
白矾等分为细末，每服一钱，食后米饮调，细细咽下。
〔《肘》〕咽喉卒肿，食饮不通。黄柏捣敷肿上，冷复易之。用苦酒和末佳。
〔丹〕妇人患咽疼。用桔梗一两，生甘草半两，分三帖，水二碗煎取一小盏，稍热饮之。先与
蚤休末，细咽之。（蚤休末即金线重楼是也。）
〔罗〕增损如圣汤治风热攻冲会厌，语声不出，咽喉妨闷肿痛，并治之。
桔梗（二两） 甘草（炙，一两半） 枳壳（汤浸，去穣） 防风（各半两）
上件为细末，每服三钱，水一大盏，煎至七分去渣，入酥如枣许搅匀，食后温服。
〔《本》〕治虚烦上壅，脾肺有热，咽喉生疮，利膈汤。
鸡苏叶 荆芥 防风 桔梗 人参 牛蒡子（隔纸炒） 甘草（各一两）
上为细末，每服一钱，沸汤点服。如咽痛口疮甚者，加僵蚕一两。
〔垣〕桔梗汤治咽肿微觉痛，声破，季冬合之。
麻黄（不去节，半钱） 桔梗（一钱） 黄芩（三钱） 甘草（一钱） 白僵蚕（三钱）
马屁勃（一两） 桂枝（少许） 归身（三分）
上 咀，水二盏，煎去渣，稍热服，食后，可徐徐呷之。
〔罗〕发声散治咽痛妨闷，咽物则微痛，不宜寒凉药过泄之，此妨闷虚热也。
栝蒌（一个） 白僵蚕（微炒，半两） 桔梗（七钱半） 甘草（炒，二钱）
上为细末，每用少许，干糁咽喉中。若肿痛，左右有红，或只一壁红紫长大，水米难下，
用此散一钱，朴硝一钱和匀，糁喉中咽津。如喉中生赤肿，或有小白头疮，用前散一钱匕，白矾细研
半钱，干糁。
〔丹〕姜汁调僵蚕末，治咽痛神效。（详见喉痹。）
〔无〕蜜附子 治感寒，咽门闭，不能咽。大附子一枚，生去皮脐，切作大片，蜜涂炙令黄，
含咽津，甘味尽，更以附子片涂蜜炙用之。
〔丹〕治咽痛，用诸药不效者，此非咽痛，乃是鼻中生一条红线如发，悬一黑泡，大如樱珠垂
挂，到咽门而止，口中饮食不入。须用深取牛膝根，直而独条者，洗净，入好醋三五滴，同研细，
就鼻孔滴二三点，入去则丝断珠破，其病立安。
〔《素》〕肝者中之将也，取决于胆，咽为之使。（奇病论）
〔世〕咽痛，用倒摘刺根，净洗，入好酒醋同研，滴在喉中，耳若痒，即安。
〔《范汪方》〕治喉中肿痛，不得饮食。烧笔头灰，浆水饮下方寸匕。
〔《广》〕主咽喉塞，鼻中疮出，及干呕头痛，食不下。生鸡子一个，开头取白去黄，着米酢
煨拌， 火顿沸起，擎下沸定，须顿三度，就热饮酢尽，不过一二次瘥。
运气，咽喉嗌痛，皆属寒。经云∶太阳在泉，寒淫所胜，民病嗌痛颔肿是也。
《内经》灸刺咽喉有二∶
其一，取足少阴。经云∶肾足少阴之脉，所生病者，咽肿上气．嗌干痛。又云∶嗌中肿，不能
纳，唾时不能出唾者，刺然骨之前出血，立已，左刺右，右刺左。又云∶邪客足少阴之络，令
人嗌痛，不可纳食，无故善怒，气上走贲上。（林亿云∶贲，膈也。谓气上走膈上也。）刺足下
中央之脉各三 ，凡六刺立已，左刺右，右刺左是也。
其二，取手太阳。经云∶小肠手太阳之脉，是动则病嗌痛颔肿，视虚实寒热陷下取之也。
〔《甲》〕咽中痛，不可纳食，涌泉主之。咽肿难言，天柱主之。喉痛，喑不能言，天突主之。
[From *Beiji Qianjin Yaofang*] Pharyngitis (Hou Bi) and tonsillitis (Ru E): Needle Shaoshang (LI11) (insert 1 cun, lay the needle obliquely backward for 3 fen). Combine with Zhaohai (KI6) and Taichong (LR3).
[Li Dongyuan] Throat closure with obstruction: Use Shaoshang (LU11), Yinbai (SP1), Shaochong (HT9), and Yongquan (KI1).
[From *Zhengzhi Zhunsheng*] Pharyngitis with submandibular swelling like a measuring cup, unable to swallow water or grain: Needle Shaoshang (LU11) (let it bleed). Needle the dorsal aspect of the first joint of the thumb (use a three-edged needle to prick three times obliquely, let it bleed). Needle Yanggu (SI05) (insert 3 fen).
[From *Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing*] Pharyngitis: Wanggu (GB12), Tianrong (SI17), Qishe (ST11), Tianding (SI11), Chize (LU5), Hegu (LI4), Shangyang (LI1), Yangxi (LI5), Zhongzhu (TE3), QianGu (SI07), Shangqiu (SP5), RanGu (KI2), Yangjiao (GB35) all govern. If pharyngitis is accompanied by sudden qi rebellion in the chest, first select Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) points, then select Zusanli (ST36) and Yunmen (LU2) (all using reducing method).
[From *Maijing*] For pharyngitis, needle the Shaoyin meridian. The Shaoyin meridian is at the wrist, corresponding to the arterial pulse behind the little finger palm. Insert 3 fen and use tonification method.
[From *Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing*] Pharyngitis with a sensation of foreign body obstruction in the throat: Sanjian (LI3) governs. Pharyngitis with inability to speak: Wenliu (LI6) and Quchi (LI11) govern. Pharyngitis with qi rebellion, mouth locked shut, throat feeling as if strangled: Xingjian (LR2) governs. Pharyngitis with swollen throat, unable to swallow fluids: Xuanji (RN24) governs. Pharyngitis with difficulty swallowing food: Jiutui (RN15) governs.
Pale complexion with coarse skin texture indicates large lungs; large lungs lead to excessive drinking and susceptibility to pharyngitis. (Full text see Diagnosis section.) Excessively large Heart pulse indicates pharyngitis. (Full text see Treatment of Deficiency and Excess methods.)
Those whose bodies toil bitterly and minds suffer bitterly, diseases arise in the throat and epiglottis, treated with hundreds of medicines. (Full text see Treatment methods.)
[Zhu Danxi] Sore throat must use Schizonepeta (Jingjie). For yin deficiency with flaming fire ascending, Scrophularia (Xuanshen) must be used.
For qi deficiency, add Ginseng (Renshen) and Bamboo Sap (Zhuli). For blood deficiency, use Siwu Decoction plus Bamboo Sap.
Sore throat, if there is severe yin deficiency with flying away of yang qi, and phlegm knotting in the upper part, thus forming sore throat. The pulse must be floating and large, heavy pressing reveals wiriness, close to death.
Suitable to tonify yin and yang, use only Ginseng decocted thickly in soup, drink slowly. (This condition occurs mostly in those with chronic cough from overwork; using formulas for excess-heat pharyngitis listed below will be not only ineffective but harmful.)
Throat ulcers are mostly due to deficient fire, roaming without control, lodging in the throat and epiglottis, suitable to treat with Ginseng, Honey-fried Phellodendron (Huangbai), and Schizonepeta.
Runhou San (Moistening Throat Powder) is used for qi stagnation with night fever, dry throat, and obstruction.
Platycodon (Jiegeng) (2.5 qian), Licorice (Fencao), Placenta Humanus (Ziheche), Cyperus (Xiangfu) (each 3 qian), Myrobalan Ferment (Baiyaojian) (1.5 qian).
Grind into fine powder, apply inside the mouth.
After throat ulcers break and damage, do not use Ginger, as its pungency causes pain and disperses rather than consolidates.
Sore throat due to excess heat:
Coptis (Huanglian), Schizonepeta (Jingjie), Mint (Bohe).
Mix with honey and ginger juice, hold in mouth and swallow.
Swelling and sores in the throat: Take one Castor Seed (Bimazi), peel it, mix with Mirabilite (Piaoxiao) 1 qian, grind together, take once with fresh well water. Continue for 2-3 doses for effect. (Danxi said: Castor seed belongs to Metal, nature is good at astringing, can dispel toxic swelling. It also seems to belong to Water, should be an important surgical medicine.)
[Luo Qianfu] Longshe Jusheng Dan treats guest heat in Heart and Spleen, toxic vapors attacking and rushing, red and swollen throat and headache, or forming pharyngitis, or hard knots not resolving, recurring after healing, lingering without recovery. Or tongue root swelling, sores all over the mouth, difficult to swallow food and drink, all suitable to take this.
Ligusticum (Chuanxiong) (1 liang), Rehmannia (Shengdi), Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao xie), Antelope Horn (Lingyangjiao), Amber (Hupo) (ground. each 5 qian), Natrii Sulfas (Mayapingxiao) (ground, 3 qian), Borax (Pengsha) (ground, 1 liang), Ginseng (Renshen), Red Poria (Chi Fuling) (each 3 qian), Scrophularia (Xuanshen), Platycodon (Jiegeng), Cimicifuga (Shengma), Lead White Frost (Qianbaishuang) (ground), Forsythia (Lianqiao) (each 5 qian), Cinnabar (Zhusha) (water-ground, 2 qian), Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang) (ground, 2 qian), Moschus (Shexiang) (ground, 3 qian), Borneolum Syntheticum (Naozi) (ground, 3 qian), Folium Aurum (Jinbo) (for coating).
Grind into fine powder, refine honey to make pills. Each liang makes 10 pills, coated with gold foil. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in Mint water, or chew finely, or hold in mouth to melt. If no Mint, fresh water is also acceptable, use before bed.
Qudu Niuhuang Gao treats adults and children with sore and swollen throat, stiff tongue root, sores all over the mouth, flooding saliva and panting urgency, difficult to eat and drink, throat and diaphragm unfavorable.
Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang) (ground, 3.5 qian), Ginseng (Renshen), Amber (Hupo), Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao) (take fine powder), Platycodon (Jiegeng), Rehmannia (Shengdi), Borax (Pengsha) (each half liang), Realgar (Xionghuang) (1 liang), Scrophularia (Xuanshen), Cimicifuga (Shengma) (each 3 qian), Concha Tridacnae (Gefen) (water-ground, 4 liang), Arsenal Halloysitum (Hanshuishi) (calcined, 2 liang), Cinnabar (Zhusha) (flying ground, 7 qian), Lead White Frost (Qianbaishuang), Borneolum Syntheticum (Naozi) (each 1 qian), Folium Aurum (Jinbo) (for coating).
Grind into fine powder, refine honey to make pills the size of small marbles, coated with gold foil. Store in porcelain vessel. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in strong Mint decoction, or take with fresh well water. Advance 2-3 doses daily, holding in mouth to melt is also acceptable.
Yanhoup Beiji Dandangdai: Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao), Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan) (each 1 liang), Glycyrrhiza (Gancao) (4 liang).
Grind into fine powder, use cow gallbladder containing bile from the twelfth lunar month, hold medicine inside, shade for 49 days, longer time is better.
[From *Huangdi Neijing*] Suffering from throat pain. Hold a slice of Sophora Root (Shandougeng) in mouth, swallow saliva slowly, extremely excellent.
[Zhu Danxi] Sore throat. Borax or mixed with Alum (Danchan), Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan), White Frost Plum (Baishuangmei) and hold in mouth. Another prescription: Myrobalan ferment (Baiyaojian) remove black skin, Borax, Licorice, Raw Alum (Shengbaifan) equal parts grind into fine powder, take 1 qian per dose, mix with rice drink after meals, swallow slowly.
[From *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*] Sudden swelling of throat and epiglottis, food and drink blocked. Phellodendron (Huangbai) pounded and applied on swelling, change when cold. Mixing with Vinegar (Ku Jiu) and powder is best.
[Zhu Danxi] Women suffering from throat pain. Use Platycodon 1 liang, Raw Licorice 0.5 liang, divide into 3 doses, decoct 2 bowls of water to obtain 1 small cup, drink slightly warm. First give Paris Polyphylla (Zaoxiu) powder, swallow slowly. (Zaoxiu powder is Paridis Reticulatae Rhizoma/Jinxian Chonglou.)
[Luo Qianfu] Zengsun Rusheng Tang treats wind-heat attacking the epiglottis, voice loss, throat oppression and painful swelling, treating all.
Platycodon (Jiegeng) (2 liang), Licorice (Gancao) (roasted, 1.5 liang), Aurantium (Zhiqiao) (soaked in soup, remove pulp), Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng) (each half liang).
All above grind into fine powder, take 3 qian per dose, 1 large bowl of water, decoct to 70%, remove dregs, add butter like date size, stir evenly, take warm after meals.
[From *Bencao Gangmu*] Treat deficiency vexation with upward congestion, Heat in Spleen and Lung, sores in throat, Lige Tang.
Elsholtzia (Jisu Ye), Schizonepeta (Jingjie), Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng), Platycodon (Jiegeng), Ginseng (Renshen), Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi) (stir-fried between papers), Licorice (Gancao) (each 1 liang).
All above grind into fine powder, take 1 qian per dose, point with boiling water. If sore throat and mouth sores are severe, add Bombyx Batryticatus 1 liang.
[Li Gao] Jiegeng Tang treats swollen throat with slight pain, broken voice, combined in late winter.
Ephedra (Mahuang) (not removing joints, half qian), Platycodon (Jiegeng) (1 qian), Scutellaria (Huangqin) (3 qian), Licorice (Gancao) (1 qian), Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan) (3 qian), Polyporus Umbellatus (Mapibo) (1 liang), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) (small amount), Angelica Sinensis (Guishen) (3 fen).
All chopped, 2 bowls of water, decoct remove dregs, take slightly warm, after meals, sip slowly.
[Luo Qianfu] Fasheng San treats sore throat with oppression, slight pain when swallowing, cold medicines should not be used excessively to drain, this is oppression due to deficient heat.
Trichosanthes Fruit (Gualou) (one), Bombyx Batryticatus (Baijiangcan) (lightly fried, half liang), Platycodon (Jiegeng) (7.5 qian), Licorice (Gancao) (fried, 2 qian).
All above grind into fine powder, use a small amount each time, sprinkle dry into throat. If swollen and painful, red on left and right, or only one side red-purple and enlarged, difficult to swallow water and grain, use this powder 1 qian, Mirabilite 1 qian mix evenly, sprinkle into throat and swallow saliva. If red swelling in throat, or small white-headed sores, use previous powder 1 qian bi, Alum (Baifan) finely ground half qian, sprinkle dry.
[Zhu Danxi] Ginger juice mixed with Bombyx Batryticatus powder, treats sore throat miraculously. (See detailed in Pharyngitis.)
[Anonymous] Honey-coated Aconite (Mi Fuzi) treats catching cold, throat gate closed, unable to swallow. One large Aconite (Fuzi), raw remove skin and navel, cut into large slices, coat with honey and roast until yellow, hold in mouth and swallow saliva, when sweet taste finishes, use another honey-roasted Aconite slice.
[Zhu Danxi] Treating sore throat, when various medicines are ineffective, this is not sore throat, but a red thread like hair growing in nose, hanging a black blister, size of cherry fruit hanging down, stopping at throat gate, food and drink cannot enter mouth. Must deeply extract Achyranthes Root (Niuxi), straight and single stem, wash clean, put good vinegar 3-5 drops, grind together finely, drip 2-3 drops into nostril, entering removes it then thread breaks and pearl bursts, illness immediately calms.
[From *Suwen*] Liver is the general within, decides from Gallbladder, throat serves as its envoy. (Qibing Lun)
[Worldly Prescriptions] Sore throat, use inverted thorn root, wash clean, put good wine and vinegar grind together, drip into throat, if ear itches, then calm.
[From *Fanwang Fang*] Treat throat swelling and pain, unable to eat and drink. Burn pen tip ash, drink with grain water 1 cun bi.
[From *Guangji Fang*] Mainly throat blockage, sores coming out of nose, and dry retching headache, unable to eat. One raw chicken egg, open head take white remove yolk, put in rice vinegar roast and mix, small fire boil up, lift off when boiled settle, must boil three times, drink vinegar hot completely, not exceeding one or two times recovers.
Influence of Six Qi theory, throat and epiglottis pain, all belong to Cold. Classic says: Taiyang in Earthly Branch, Cold excess wins, people's disease epiglottis pain and submandibular swelling is so.
*Neijing* moxa and needle throat has two methods:
First, select Foot Shaoyin Meridian. Classic says: Kidney Foot Shaoyin Meridian, diseases produced are, throat swelling, upward qi, epiglottis dry pain. Also says: Epiglottis middle swelling, unable to swallow saliva, sometimes unable to spit saliva, needle anterior to Ran Gu bleeding, immediately cured, left needle right, right needle left. Also says: Evil guests Foot Shaoyin collateral, makes people epiglottis pain, unable to swallow food,无故 good anger, qi goes up to Ben Shang. (Lin Yi note: Ben, Diaphragm. Means qi goes up to Diaphragm above.) Needle Foot bottom central meridians each 3 needles, total 6 needles immediately cured, left needle right, right needle left is so.
Second, select Hand Taiyang Meridian. Classic says: Small Intestine Hand Taiyang Meridian, is moving then disease epiglottis pain submandibular swelling, view deficiency/excess cold/heat sinking down select it.
[From *Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing*] Throat middle pain, unable to swallow food, Yongquan (KI1) governs. Throat swelling difficult to speak, Tianzhu (BL10) governs. Throat pain, aphonia unable to speak, Tiantu (RN22) governs.