〔《灵》〕黄帝曰∶人之自啮舌者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶此厥逆走上，脉气辈至也。少阴气至
则啮舌，少阳气至则啮颊，阳明气至则啮唇矣。视主病者则补之。
（二条见伤寒）
〔《素》〕阳气有余，为身热无汗。阴气有余，为多汗身寒。阴阳有余，则无汗而寒。（脉要
精微论）饮食饱甚，汗出于胃。惊而夺精，汗出于心。持重远行，汗出于肾。疾走恐惧，汗出于肝。
摇体劳苦，汗出于脾。（经脉别论）
〔《素》〕阳之汗，以天地之雨名之。（全文见五脏。）阳加于阴谓之汗。（阴阳别论 阳气入
内，加于阴气也。凡伤寒始病脉浮，至汗出则沉入内，加于阴也。）
〔垣〕表虚自汗，秋冬用桂枝，春夏用黄 ，能治虚劳自汗。（脉证有寒者亦用桂枝，无寒者
用黄 。）
〔无〕牡蛎散治诸虚不足，及新病暴虚，津液不固，体常自汗。（许学士方亦治盗汗不止。）
黄 麻黄根 牡蛎（ 研）
上锉散，每服三钱，水一盏半，小麦一百粒，煎至八分，不拘时服。
〔垣〕周卫汤治湿胜自汗，补卫气虚弱，表虚不任外寒。
黄 麻黄根（各一钱） 生甘草（五分） 猪苓 羌活（各七分） 麦门冬（三分） 归梢（五分）
生地（三分） 生黄芩（五分） 五味子（七粒） 苏木 红花（各一分） 半夏（汤洗七次，五分）
上 咀，如麻豆大。作一服，水二盏，煎至一盏去渣，稍热服。中风症必自汗，汗多不得重
发汗，故禁麻黄而用根节也。
张芸夫，己酉四月，天寒阴雨，寒湿相杂，因官事饮食失节，劳役所伤。病解之后，汗出不止，
沾濡数日，恶寒，重添浓衣，心胸闷躁，时躁热，头目昏愦，壅塞，食少减。此乃胃外阴火炽甚，
与夫雨之湿气挟热，两气相合，令湿热大作，汗出不休，兼见风邪，以助东方甲乙。以风药
去其湿，以甘药泻其热，羌活胜湿汤主之。
甘草（炙，三钱） 黄 （七分） 生甘草（五分） 生黄芩（三分） 防风（三分） 酒黄芩（三分）
人参（三钱，以助气益胃。以上药泻胸中热） 本（三分） 独活（二分） 升麻（五分） 川芎（三分）
柴胡（五分。以上风药胜其湿） 细辛 蔓荆子（各三分） 薄荷（一分。以上清利头目）
上作一服，水二盏，煎一盏半，后入细辛等四味，再熬至一盏，去渣热服。一服而止，诸
症悉去。
〔丹〕人参、黄 少佐桂枝汤，甚者附子亦可用。
〔严〕 附汤治气虚阳弱，虚汗不止，肢体倦怠。
黄 （去芦，蜜炙） 附子（炮去皮脐。各等分。）
上 咀，每服四钱，水一盏，姜十片，煎八分，食前温服。
〔《本》〕补精气，止肝邪，平补五脏虚羸，六腑怯弱，充肌肤，进饮食。人参丸。
人参 山药 白术 白茯苓 石斛 黄 （取头末） 五味子（各一两）
上为细末，蜜丸如桐子大。每服三十丸，空心食前饮下，久服不热，尤宜少年。
平人气象论云∶尺涩脉滑，谓之多汗。王注谓尺肤涩，而尺脉滑也。肤涩者，荣血内涸。
又《针经》云∶腠理发泄，汗出溱溱，是谓津脱。津脱者，腠理开，汗大泄。按此二经论自汗多
而血涸津脱者，其治法乃东垣正阳汤，用炒黄柏、知母及当归六黄汤之类是也。汗，以脏腑言之，
皆属心。经云∶心为汗。《难》云∶肾邪入心，为汗出不可止者是也。
〔垣〕或问湿之与汗，阴乎阳乎？予应之曰∶西南坤土也，在人则为脾胃。阳之汗，以天地之
雨名之。湿主淋淫，骤注者，湿胜也，阴滋其湿，为露为雨，此阴寒隔热火也。隔者，解也。
阴湿寒下行，地之气也。仲
景云∶汗多则亡阳，阳去则阴胜也。重虚则表阳虚极矣，甚为寒中湿胜，则音声如从瓮中出，
若中水也。相家有言，土音如居深瓮里，言其壅也，远也，不出也，其为湿也审矣。又知此二者，
亦为阴寒。《内经》云∶气虚则外寒，虽见热中，蒸蒸为汗，终传大寒。知始为热中者，表虚
无阳，不任外寒，终传为寒中者，多成痹寒矣。夫色以候天，脉以候地。形者，乃候地之阴
阳也。故以脉气候之，皆有形之可见者也。
上湿胜自汗，治法并见阴虚条。
〔丹〕痰症亦有汗。火气上蒸，胃中之湿，亦能作汗，可用凉膈散。
〔《素》〕帝曰∶有病身热懈惰，汗出如浴，恶风少气，此为何病？岐伯曰∶病名酒风。帝曰∶
治之奈何？岐伯曰∶以泽泻、术各十分，麋衔五分，合以三指撮，为后饭。（病能篇 麋衔一
名薇衔，俗名吴风草。）
〔河〕白术散治饮酒中风，汗多不可单衣，食则汗出如洗，久不治，必为消渴症。
牡蛎（ ，三钱） 白术（一两二钱） 防风（二两半）
上为末，每服一钱，温水调下，不计时。如恶风，倍防风、白术。如多汗面肿，倍牡蛎。
酒风，一名漏风。经云∶饮酒中风，则为漏风。漏风之状，或多汗常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚
则身喘息恶风，衣裳濡，口干善渴，不能劳事。此即酒风同治也。凡五脏风，皆自汗恶风。
（经文见风门。）
〔丹〕周师脉弦，左大于右不数，身易得汗，小便赤，口燥，此为虚。
白术 陈皮 归尾 青皮（各半两） 白芍药 人参（各七钱） 黄芩 川芎（各三钱） 木通（二钱）
甘草（炙，五钱）
分九帖，煎三之一，稍热饮之，煎药下保和丸二十粒。
动而汗出，有虚者，有热者。
〔垣〕安胃汤治因饮食汗出，日久心中虚风，虚邪令人半身不遂。见偏风痿痹之病，先除
其汗， 悍之气，按而收之。
黄连（去须） 五味子 乌梅（去核） 生甘草（各五分） 熟甘草（三分） 升麻梢（二分）
上 咀，分作二服，每服水二盏，煎一盏去渣，温服食远。忌湿面酒五辛大料物之类。
刺灸 汗出有二∶
其一取肺。经云∶邪在肺，则病皮肤痛，寒热上气，喘汗出，咳动肩背，取之膺中外输，背
三节五椎之傍，以手疾按之，快然乃刺之，取之缺盆中以越之者是也。
其二取手足少阳。经云∶三焦手少阳之脉，所生病者，汗出，目锐 痛，颊痛，耳后痛。
胆足少阳之脉，所生病者，汗出振寒，疟，皆视盛虚热寒陷下而施补泻疾留灸也。
〔《素》〕肺脉 而散者，当病灌汗，至今不复发散也。（脉要精微论 灌汗谓汗多如灌洗之状，
病能论云∶汗出而浴，亦此义也。）
肺脉缓甚，多为汗。（全文见治虚实法。）
[Ling Shu] The Yellow Emperor said: Why do people bite their own tongues? What qi causes this? Qibo replied: This is caused by Jue Ni (rebellious qi) moving upward, with pulse qi arriving in clusters. When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) qi arrives, the tongue is bitten; when Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) qi arrives, the cheek is bitten; when Yangming (Bright Yang) qi arrives, the lips are bitten. Observe which meridian is primarily affected and tonify it.
(This item is also found in chapters related to Shang Han / Cold Damage.)
[Su Wen] Excess of Yang qi manifests as body heat without sweating. Excess of Yin qi manifests as profuse sweating with cold body. Excess of both Yin and Yang manifests as no sweating with cold body. (From "Essential Secrets of Pulse Diagnosis") Overeating causes sweat from the Stomach. Shock causing loss of Jing (Essence) causes sweat from the Heart. Carrying heavy loads over long distances causes sweat from the Kidney. Running fast and fear cause sweat from the Liver. Bodily movement and toil cause sweat from the Spleen. (From "Discussions on Meridians") Human sweat can be named after rain in heaven and earth. (Full text in "Generation of Five Zang Organs"). Yang added to Yin is called sweat. (From "Discussions on Yin and Yang Differentiation", Note: Yang qi enters internally and adds to Yin qi. In early stages of Shang Han, the pulse is floating; when sweating occurs, the pulse sinks internally, indicating Yang adding to Yin.)
[Li Dongyuan] For spontaneous sweating due to exterior deficiency, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) in autumn and winter, and Huangqi (Astragalus Root) in spring and summer, to treat spontaneous sweating caused by deficiency labor. (If there are cold signs, use Guizhi Tang; if no cold signs, use Huangqi.)
[Xu Shumi] Muli San (Oyster Shell Powder) treats various deficiencies and sudden deficiency from new diseases, where Jin Ye (Body Fluids) are not secured, leading to constant spontaneous sweating. (Dr. Xu's formula also treats persistent night sweats.)
Herbs: Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Mahuang Gen (Ephedra Root), Muli (Oyster Shell, calcined and ground).
Crush into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, with 1.5 sheng of water and 100 small wheat grains, decoct to 0.8 sheng. Take at any time.
[Li Dongyuan] Zhouwei Tang treats spontaneous sweating due to excess dampness, tonifying weak Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) for exterior deficiency unable to resist external cold.
Herbs: Huangqi (Astragalus Root), Mahuang Gen (Ephedra Root) [each 1 qian], Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root) [0.5 qian], Zhuling (Polyporus) [0.7 qian], Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome) [0.7 qian], Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) [0.3 qian], Guishao (Tip of Angelica Sinensis Root) [0.5 qian], Shengdi (Rehmannia Root) [0.3 qian], Sheng Huangqin (Raw Scutellaria Root) [0.5 qian], Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) [7 berries], Sumu (Sappan Wood) [0.1 qian], Honghua (Carthamus Flower) [0.1 qian], Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, washed seven times in boiling water) [0.5 qian].
Chop into pieces the size of hemp seeds. One dose, decoct in 2 sheng of water to 1 sheng, remove dregs, take slightly warm. Stroke patients inevitably have spontaneous sweating; when sweating is profuse, re-inducing sweat is forbidden, so Mahuang (Ephedra Herb) is avoided in favor of its root nodes.
Zhang Yunfu, in April of the Jiyou year, faced cold rainy weather with mixed cold and dampness. Due to official duties, irregular diet, and labor injury, after the illness resolved, he suffered from incessant sweating, wet for several days, aversion to cold, requiring thick clothing, chest stuffiness and irritability, occasional hot flashes, dizziness and head heaviness, and reduced appetite. This was excessive Fire outside the Stomach, combined with rain dampness carrying heat, creating strong Damp-Heat and continuous sweating, compounded by Wind pathogen aiding Wood qi. Use Wind herbs to remove dampness and Sweet herbs to drain heat. Main formula: Qianghuo Shengshi Tang (Notopterygium Decoction to Overcome Dampness).
Herbs: Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) [3 qian], Huangqi (Astragalus Root) [0.7 qian], Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root) [0.5 qian], Sheng Huangqin (Raw Scutellaria Root) [0.3 qian], Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) [0.3 qian], Jiu Huangqin (Wine-processed Scutellaria Root) [0.3 qian], Renshen (Ginseng Root) [3 qian, to boost Qi and benefit Stomach, above herbs drain chest heat], Gaoben (Ligusticum Rhizome) [0.3 qian], Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) [0.2 qian], Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) [0.5 qian], Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) [0.3 qian], Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) [0.5 qian, above Wind herbs overcome dampness], Xixin (Asarum Root), Manjingzi (Vittex Seed) [each 0.3 qian], Bohe (Mint Herb) [0.1 qian, above clear and benefit head/eyes].
One dose, decoct in 2 sheng of water to 1.5 sheng, then add Xixin etc. four herbs, decoct to 1 sheng, remove dregs, take hot. One dose stops sweating, all symptoms resolve.
[Zhu Danxi] Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Huangqi (Astragalus Root) with a small amount of Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); for severe cases, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) can also be used.
[Yan Yonghe] Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) treats Qi deficiency and Yang weakness, endless deficiency sweating, and limb fatigue.
Herbs: Huangqi (Astragalus Root, remove radicle, honey-fried), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, peeled and de-navelled, equal parts).
Chop. Take 4 qian per dose, with 1 sheng of water and 10 slices of ginger, decoct to 0.8 sheng. Take warm before meals.
[Ben Cao Gang Mu] Tonifies Jing and Qi, suppresses Liver pathogenic factors, gently tonifies deficiency of Five Zang and Six Fu organs, fills flesh and skin, promotes appetite. Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill).
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Root), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Baifuling (Poria with Hostwood), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem), Huangqi (Astragalus Root, take top end powder), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) [each 1 liang].
Grind to fine powder, make pills with honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals on an empty stomach with water. Long-term use does not cause heat, especially suitable for youth.
Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun states: Choppy Chi pulse with slippery quality indicates profuse sweating. Wang Bing's commentary explains choppy Chi skin texture with slippery Chi pulse. Choppy skin texture indicates internal depletion of Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood).
Also, Zhen Jing states: Pores opening and sweating profusely is called Jin Tuo (Fluid Collapse). In Jin Tuo, pores open and sweat leaks heavily. According to these two classics regarding spontaneous sweating with blood depletion and fluid collapse, the treatment method is Li Dongyuan's Zhengyang Tang, using fried Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), and Danggui Liu Huang Tang (Six-Huang Decoction with Angelica). From the perspective of Zang-Fu, sweat belongs to the Heart. Classics state: Heart governs sweat. Nan Jing states: Kidney pathogen entering Heart causes unstoppable sweating.
[Li Dongyuan] Question: Are Dampness and Sweat Yin or Yang? Answer: Southwest Kun Earth corresponds to Spleen and Stomach in humans. Yang sweat is named after heavenly rain. Dampness causes pouring down, indicating Dampness excess. Yin nourishes dampness, becoming dew and rain; this is Yin-Cold separating Heat-Fire. Separation means resolution. Yin-Damp-Cold descends, being Earth Qi. Zhang Zhongjing said: Profuse sweating leads to Yang loss; when Yang departs, Yin prevails. Double deficiency leads to extreme exterior Yang deficiency, resulting in Cold-Middle with Dampness excess, voice sounding like from a jar, similar to Water Strike. Physiognomists say Earth-tone sounds like living in a deep jar, implying congestion, distance, and non-emergence, confirming Dampness. These two are also Yin-Cold. Nei Jing states: Qi deficiency causes external cold; although appearing as Internal Heat with steaming sweat, it ultimately transmits to Great Cold. Knowing initial Internal Heat is due to exterior deficiency lacking Yang, unable to resist external cold, ultimately transmitting to Cold-Middle often becomes Bi-Cold (Obstruction Cold). Color observes Heaven, Pulse observes Earth. Form observes Earth's Yin-Yang. Thus, observing via pulse and climate reveals visible forms.
The above treatment for Dampness-excess spontaneous sweating is detailed in the Deficiency-Yin section.
[Zhu Danxi] Phlegm syndromes also involve sweating. Fire Qi steaming upward, Stomach Dampness can also produce sweat; Liangge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) can be used.
[Su Wen] The Emperor asked: There is a disease with body heat, lethargy, sweating like bathing, aversion to wind, and shortness of breath. What is this disease? Qibo answered: The disease name is Jiu Feng (Alcohol Wind). The Emperor asked: How to treat it? Qibo answered: Use Zexie (Alisma Rhizome) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) each 10 parts, Milixian (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) 5 parts, mix and take 3 finger-pinches after meals. (From "Discussions on Diseases", Milixian is also known as Weixian, commonly Wufeng Grass.)
[Wang Haogu] Baizhu San (Atractylodes Powder) treats Alcohol Wind, where sweating is profuse preventing wearing thin clothes, and eating causes sweating like washing. If untreated long-term, it becomes Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome).
Herbs: Muli (Oyster Shell, calcined) [3 qian], Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) [1.2 liang], Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) [2.5 liang].
Grind to powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with warm water, anytime. If aversion to wind, double Fangfeng and Baizhu. If profuse sweating and facial swelling, double Muli.
Jiu Feng is also named Lou Feng (Leaking Wind). Classics state: Alcohol Wind becomes Lou Feng. Symptoms of Lou Feng include frequent sweating preventing thin clothes, sweating upon eating, even panting and aversion to wind, wetting clothes, dry mouth and thirst, inability to work. This is treated identically to Jiu Feng. All Five Zang Winds involve spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind.
(Classics seen in Wind Gate.)
[Zhu Danxi] Teacher Zhou's pulse is wiry, left larger than right, not rapid. Body easily sweats, urine is red, mouth is dry. This is Deficiency.
Herbs: Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Chenpi (Citrus Peel), Guiwei (Tail of Angelica Sinensis Root), Qingpi (Green Citrus Peel) [each half liang], Baishaoyao (White Peony Root), Renshen (Ginseng Root) [each 7 qian], Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) [each 3 qian], Mutong (Akebia Stem) [2 qian], Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) [5 qian].
Divide into 9 doses. Decoct one-third. Drink slightly warm. After taking decoction, administer Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill) 20 pills.
Sweating upon movement can be due to Deficiency or Heat.
[Li Dongyuan] Anwei Tang treats sweating due to diet, leading to long-term Empty Wind in the Heart, where Empty Pathogens cause hemiplegia. Seen in Pian Feng (Partial Wind) and Fei Bi (Flaccidity Obstruction) diseases. First eliminate sweating, restrain Hao Han Qi (Fierce Qi), press and collect it.
Herbs: Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome, remove stamens), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry), Wumei (Chinese Plum Fruit, remove pits), Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root) [each 0.5 qian], Shu Gancao (Cooked Licorice Root) [0.3 qian], Shengma Shao (Tip of Cimicifuga Rhizome) [0.2 qian].
Chop. Divide into 2 doses. Each dose decoct in 2 sheng of water to 1 sheng, remove dregs, take warm, far from meals. Avoid damp noodles, alcohol, Five Spices, and strong spices.
Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Sweating has two types:
First, treat Lung Meridian. Classics state: Pathogen in Lung causes skin pain, chills/fever, upper Qi rebellion, wheezing, sweating, cough affecting shoulders/back. Treat Yingzhongwai Shu points, beside Vertebrae 3-5 on back, press quickly until comfortable, then needle. Also treat Quepen (ST12) to vent it.
Second, treat Hand and Foot Shaoyang Meridians. Classics state: Sanjiao (Triple Burner) Hand Shaoyang Meridian diseases include sweating, lateral eye corner pain, cheek pain, post-auricular pain. Gallbladder Foot Shaoyang Meridian diseases include sweating with chills, malaria. Apply tonification/reduction based on excess/deficiency, heat/cold, sinking/depression, and swift moxibustion.
[Su Wen] Lung pulse soft and scattered indicates Guan Han (Pouring Sweat), which will not recur dispersal until now. (From "Essential Secrets of Pulse Diagnosis", Guan Sweat means sweating profusely like washing. "Discussions on Diseases" says: Bathing after sweating implies this meaning too.)
Lung pulse very slow indicates mostly sweating. (Full text in Treating Excess and Deficiency Methods.)