，其左者为肾，右者为命门。命门者，诸精神之所舍，元气之所系也。故曰男子以藏精，女
子以系胞，故知肾有一也）。左肾属水，水不足则阴虚，宜补肾丸。
龟板（酒炙，四两） 知母（酒浸，炒） 黄柏（炒焦，各三两） 干姜（一两）
上为末，粥丸。一方无姜，有侧柏叶，用地黄膏为丸。
补血丸
龟板（酒炙黄） 黄柏（炒） 知母（炒，各三两） 生干姜（一两） 杜牛膝（二两）
上为末，粥丸。
固真丸
龟板（醋炙，二两） 虎骨（酥炙，一两） 苍耳（酒蒸九次，三两） 生地（姜汁制炒） 柏皮（半两）
干姜（三钱） 乌药（半两）
上为末，姜汁糊丸。
〔垣〕三才封髓法丹 降心火，益肾水。
麦门冬（去心） 熟地 人参（各半两） 黄柏（炒，三两） 甘草（炙，七钱半） 缩砂仁（一两半）
上为细末，水糊和丸，梧子大。每服五十丸，用苁蓉半两，作片，酒浸一宿，次日煎至
三五沸，去渣送下前丸子，空心服。
右肾属火，火不足则阳虚，宜八味丸。
〔垣〕八味丸 治肾气虚乏，下元伤惫，脐下疼痛，夜多漩溺，脚膝缓弱，面色痿黄或黧
黑，及虚劳不足，渴欲饮水，腰重疼痛，小腹急痛，小便不利，并宜服之。脾恶湿，肾恶燥
，古人制方益肾，皆湿润之药也。故八味丸，仲景谓之肾气丸，以熟地黄为主。
熟地（补肾水真阴，八两） 肉桂（补肾水真火，一两） 丹皮（补神志不足，三两） 附子（能行
诸经而不止兼益火，一两） 白茯苓（能伐肾邪湿滞，三两） 泽泻（去胞中留垢及遗溺，三两） 山
茱萸（治精滑不禁，四两） 干山药（能治皮毛中干燥酸湿，四两）
上八味为细末，炼蜜丸。皆君主之药也。若不根据易老加减，服之终不得效。若加五味子
，为肾气丸，述类象形之剂也。益火之源，以消阴翳；壮水之主，以制阳光。
〔钱氏〕地黄丸加减法 如阳事多痿不振，根据今方；然夏月减附子（三停精完全减桂附，
只六味）；血虚阴衰，熟地黄为君；精滑，山茱萸为君；小便或多或少，或赤或黄或白，茯
苓为君；小便淋漓，泽泻为君；心虚，肠胃积热，心火炽盛，心气不足，牡丹皮为君；皮肤
涩干，山药为君。以上言为君者，其分两用八两，其干地黄，只根据为臣分两，余皆同。
〔《保命》〕金刚丸 牛膝丸 煨肾丸（并见虚损门）
〔海〕离珠丹 又名神珠丹。治下焦阳气虚乏，脐下腹冷痛，足 寒而逆。
杜仲（炒，去丝，三两） 萆 （二两） 诃子（煨，五个） 龙骨（一两） 破故纸（三两） 巴戟（酒浸
去心，三两） 胡桃（一百个，去皮） 朱砂（另研，一两半） 缩砂仁（半两）
上为末，酒为丸，梧桐子大，朱砂为衣。每服三十丸，空心温酒盐汤任下。
还少丹 大补心肾脾胃，一切虚损，神志俱耗，筋力顿衰，腰脚沉重，肢体倦怠，血气
羸乏，小便混浊。
干山药 牛膝（酒浸） 远志（去心） 山茱萸（去核） 白茯苓 五味 巴戟（酒浸，去心）
肉苁蓉（酒浸） 石菖蒲 楮实 杜仲（去丝） 舶上茴香（各一两） 姜汁（一两） 枸杞（一两半）
上为细末，炼蜜同枣肉为丸，桐子大。每服三十丸，温酒或盐汤下，日三服，食前。五
日觉有力，十日精神爽，半月气壮，二十日目明，一月夜思饮食，冬月手足常暖，久服令人
身体轻健，筋骨壮盛，怡悦颜色，寿延难老。更有加减法，如热，加山栀子一两；心气不宁
，加麦门冬一两；少精神，加五味子一两；阳弱，加续断一两。常服固齿牢牙，永无瘴疟。
妇人服之，容颜悦泽，暖子宫，去一切病。
水芝丸（方见小便数门）
〔丹〕玉女长春不老丹
牛膝根汁、苍耳根汁各二碗，不可入水，和一处，瓷器熬成膏，如稠蜜。金罂子为末散
半斤，用不去皮莲子实、 猪肚（即羯猪肚）蒸熟，取莲子晒干四两，和前二末膏子丸如
梧子大，温酒下廿丸。一月身和暖，二月觉精神，服一料验甚。
〔海〕肾实须泽泻泻之，肾本无实，不可泻，钱氏止有补肾地黄丸，无泻肾之药。治脉洪
而实，钱氏地黄丸加生地黄，去山茱萸是也。此治左手本部脉实。若右尺洪实，以凤髓丹泻
之。
假令水在木之分，是从后来者，此为虚邪。虽水为虚邪，则木本虚矣。经曰∶母能令子
虚。假令火在木之分，是从前来者，此为实邪。虽火为实邪，则木本实矣。经曰∶子能令母
实。假令两手脉弦，无表证，乃东方实也，是西方不足也。缘母虚所致，宜大补其脾土，微
补肺，大泄其火，微泄其木。杂症诸论云∶先调其气，次治诸疾。况此本经不足的证也。《
难经》云∶东方实，是西方虚也。又云∶欲泄其邪，先补其虚，此之谓也。此证当以温药补
肺，以气药燥剂为用。如正气已胜，当再服泄火泻风之药，清鬲凉上，勿令入胃，此为全治
，用益黄加白术、半夏、茯苓、甘草。如酒病得之，加泽泻，治手足阳明二燥。益黄者，燥
湿而补气也。实泻黄也。泄火泻风，用泻青之类，羌活、防风、生地黄、甘草、黄连等分，
黄芩倍之。凡用药，补即用各方之生数，如理中丸、建中汤是也。泻即用各方之成数，七宣
丸是也。
(The left kidney) is the Kidney, and the right kidney is the Mingmen (Gate of Life). The Mingmen is the residence where spirit and essence are stored, and the connection point of Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Therefore, it is said that men use it to store essence, and women use it to anchor the Bao Gong (Uterus), thus knowing that there is essentially only one Kidney system. The left Kidney belongs to Water; if Water is insufficient, Yin deficiency occurs, and Bu Shen Wan (Kidney Tonifying Pill) is suitable.
Gui Ban (Tortoise Shell, wine-processed, 4 liang) Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, wine-soaked, stir-fried) Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, stir-fried until charred, each 3 liang) Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, 1 liang)
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with congee paste to form pills. Another prescription excludes Ginger and adds Ce Bai Ye (Biota Top Leaf), using Di Huang Gao (Rehmannia Paste) as the binder for pills.
Bu Xue Wan (Blood Tonifying Pill)
Gui Ban (Tortoise Shell, wine-processed until yellow) Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, stir-fried) Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, stir-fried, each 3 liang) Sheng Gan Jiang (Raw Dried Ginger, 1 liang) Du Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, 2 liang)
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with congee paste to form pills.
Gu Zhen Wan (Solidify Truth Pill)
Gui Ban (Tortoise Shell, vinegar-processed, 2 liang) Hu Gu (Tiger Bone, su oil-processed, 1 liang) Cang Er (Xanthii Fructus, wine-steamed nine times, 3 liang) Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix, processed with ginger juice and stir-fried) Bai Pi (Cortex Phellodendri or related bark, half liang) Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, 3 qian) Wu Yao (Linderae Radix, half liang)
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with ginger juice paste to form pills.
[Li] San Cai Feng Sui Dan Method: Descends Heart Fire and tonifies Kidney Water.
Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed) Shu Di (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, each half liang) Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, stir-fried, 3 liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-processed, 7.5 qian) Suo Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, 1.5 liang)
Grind the above into very fine powder, mix with water paste to form pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 50 pills per dose. Use Cong Rong (Cistanche Caulis) half liang, sliced, soaked in wine overnight. Next day, decoct until boiling three to five times, strain, and use the liquid to deliver the previous pills. Take on an empty stomach.
The right Kidney belongs to Fire; if Fire is insufficient, Yang deficiency occurs, and Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) is suitable.
[Li] Ba Wei Wan: Treats Kidney Qi deficiency and exhaustion, damage and debility of the Lower Yuan, pain below the umbilicus, frequent nocturia, weakness and flaccidity of legs and knees, sallow or dark complexion, as well as deficiency labor insufficiency, thirst with desire to drink, heavy and painful waist, acute pain in the lower abdomen, and difficult urination. All are suitable for this formula. The Spleen dislikes dampness, and the Kidney dislikes dryness. Ancient formulas for tonifying the Kidney all use moistening herbs. Thus, Ba Wei Wan, referred to by Zhang Zhongjing as Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill), uses Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) as the sovereign drug.
Shu Di (Tonifies the True Yin of Kidney Water, 8 liang) Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark, tonifies the True Fire of Kidney Water, 1 liang) Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex, tonifies insufficiency of spirit and mind, 3 liang) Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, circulates through all meridians and additionally benefits fire, 1 liang) Bai Fu Ling (Poria, removes Kidney pathogenic dampness stagnation, 3 liang) Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma, removes residual filth in the bladder and enuresis, 3 liang) Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus, treats seminal emission and involuntary leakage, 4 liang) Gan Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, treats dryness, soreness, and dampness in skin and hair, 4 liang)
Grind the above eight ingredients into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills. These are all sovereign drugs. If not modified according to Yi Lao’s methods, efficacy will ultimately be lacking. If Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) is added, it becomes Shen Qi Wan, a formula based on analogical imagery. "Benefit the source of Fire to dissipate Yin shadows; strengthen the master of Water to control Yang brilliance."
[Qian] Di Huang Wan Modification Methods: For frequent impotence and lack of erection, follow the current formula; however, in summer, reduce or remove Fu Zi (divide the original prescription into three parts, completely remove Gui and Fu, retaining only the six ingredients); for Blood deficiency and Yin decline, Shu Di Huang is the sovereign; for seminal emission, Shan Zhu Yu is the sovereign; for urine volume varying greatly or color red, yellow, or white, Fu Ling is the sovereign; for dribbling urination, Ze Xie is the sovereign; for Heart deficiency, accumulation of heat in intestines/stomach, blazing Heart Fire, and insufficient Heart Qi, Dan Pi is the sovereign; for rough and dry skin, Shan Yao is the sovereign. Regarding those stated as "sovereign," their dosage is two parts out of eight liang; for other items like Gan Di Huang, follow the minister dosage, while others remain the same.
[Bao Ming Ji] Jin Gang Wan (Vajra Pill), Niu Xi Wan (Achyranthes Pill), Wei Shen Wan (Baked Kidney Pill) (see Deficiency Damage section)
[Zhu] Li Zhu Dan (Parted Pearl Pill): Also known as Shen Zhu Dan (Divine Pearl Pill). Treats deficiency and exhaustion of Yang Qi in the Lower Jiao, cold pain below the umbilicus, and cold feet with reversal cold.
Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex, stir-fried, silk fibers removed, 3 liang) Bi Xie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma, 2 liang) He Zi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus, baked, 5 pieces) Long Gu (Fossilized Bones, 1 liang) Po Gu Zhi (Psoraleae Fructus, 3 liang) Ba Ji (Morinda Officinalis Radix, wine-soaked, heart removed, 3 liang) Hu Tao (Walnut Kernel, 100 pieces, peeled) Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, ground separately, 1.5 liang) Suo Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, half liang)
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with wine to form pills, size of Sophora seeds, coat with Zhu Sha. Take 30 pills per dose, on an empty stomach, with warm wine or salt water as desired.
Huan Shao Dan (Return to Youth Pill): Greatly tonifies Heart, Kidney, Spleen, and Stomach; treats all deficiency damages, exhaustion of spirit and vitality, sudden decline of sinew and bone strength, heaviness of waist and legs, limb fatigue, emaciation of Qi and Blood, and turbid urination.
Gan Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, wine-soaked) Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix, heart removed) Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus, pit removed) Bai Fu Ling (Poria) Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) Ba Ji (Morinda Officinalis Radix, wine-soaked, heart removed) Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche Caulis, wine-soaked) Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) Chu Shi (Celtidis Fructus) Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex, silk fibers removed) Bo Shang Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit, each 1 liang) Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice, 1 liang) Gou Qi (Lycii Fructus, 1.5 liang)
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with refined honey and jujube pulp to form pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, with warm wine or salt water, three times daily before meals. After five days, strength is felt; after ten days, spirit is refreshed; after half a month, Qi is robust; after twenty days, eyes are bright; after one month, appetite returns at night, hands and feet stay warm in winter. Long-term use makes the body light and healthy, sinews and bones strong, complexion joyful and lustrous, extending life and delaying aging. There are further modifications: for heat, add Shan Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) 1 liang; for unsettled Heart Qi, add Mai Men Dong 1 liang; for lack of spirit, add Wu Wei Zi 1 liang; for weak Yang, add Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix) 1 liang. Regular use solidifies teeth and gums, preventing malaria forever. Women taking it enjoy a radiant complexion, warm uterus, and removal of all diseases.
Shui Zhi Wan (Water Lotus Pill) (formula seen in Frequent Urination section)
[Luo] Yu Nu Chang Chun Bu Lao Dan (Jade Maiden Eternal Youth Immortality Pill)
Niu Xi Gen Zhi (Juice of Achyranthes Root) and Cang Er Gen Zhi (Juice of Xanthium Root) each two bowls, do not add water, mix together, boil in a porcelain vessel into a paste like thick honey. Jin Ying Zi (Chrysobalanus Fructus) ground into powder half jin. Use lotus seeds with skin unremoved, and pig stomach (castrated male pig's stomach) steamed until cooked. Take dried lotus seeds weighing four liang, and mix with the previous two powders and paste to form pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 20 pills with warm wine. After one month, the body feels warm; after two months, spirit improves. One course yields significant results.
[Zhu] Excess in the Kidney must be drained with Ze Xie. However, the Kidney fundamentally has no excess and should not be drained. Qian Yi only had Bu Shen Di Huang Wan (Tonifying Kidney Rehmannia Pill) and no drugs for draining the Kidney. To treat a pulse that is洪 (Surging) and Shi (Excess), add Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmanniae Radix) to Qian Yi's Di Huang Wan and remove Shan Zhu Yu. This treats excess in the main position of the left hand pulse. If the Right Chi (Cun-Guan-Chi) pulse is Surging and Excess, use Feng Sui Dan (Phoenix Marrow Pill) to drain it.
Suppose Water pathogen invades the Wood sector, coming from the later stage; this is False Pathogen (Deficiency Pathogen). Although Water is a false pathogen, the Wood itself is already deficient. The Classic states: "The Mother can cause the Child to be deficient." Suppose Fire pathogen invades the Wood sector, coming from the earlier stage; this is True Pathogen (Excess Pathogen). Although Fire is a true pathogen, the Wood itself is already excess. The Classic states: "The Child can cause the Mother to be excess." Suppose both hands have Wiry (Xian) pulses without exterior signs; this is East (Liver/Wood) Excess, which implies West (Lung/Metal) Insufficiency. This arises because the Mother organ (Kidney/Water) is deficient. One should greatly tonify Spleen Earth, slightly tonify Lung Metal, greatly drain Heart Fire, and slightly drain Liver Wood. Miscellaneous Disease Discourses state: "First regulate Qi, then treat various diseases." Moreover, this is a condition of insufficiency in the primary meridian. The Nan Jing states: "East Excess is due to West Deficiency." It also says: "To drain the pathogen, first tonify the deficiency." This refers to such cases. This condition should be treated with warm drugs to tonify the Lung, using Qi-moving and drying agents. If Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) has recovered, one should take drugs to drain Fire and Wind, clearing the diaphragm and cooling the upper burner, preventing entry into the Stomach. This constitutes complete treatment, using Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder) plus Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), and Gan Cao (Licorice Radix). If caused by alcohol disease, add Ze Xie to treat dryness in the Hand-Foot Yangming meridians. Yi Huang San dries dampness and tonifies Qi. Excess drains Huang (Yellow/Spleen). To drain Fire and Wind, use formulas like Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Pill): Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmanniae Radix), Gan Cao (Licorice Radix) in equal parts, with Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) doubled. In general, when tonifying, use the "Birth Numbers" (Sheng Shu) of various formulas, such as Li Zhong Wan (Regulate Middle Pill) and Jian Zhong Tang (Establish Middle Decoction). When draining, use the "Completion Numbers" (Cheng Shu), such as Qi Xuan Wan (Seven Circulation Pill).