《灵》肝气虚则恐，实则怒（《本神论》）。肝实则两胁下痛引少腹，善怒。虚则目KT
KT无所见，耳无所闻，善恐，如人将捕之。（经文见《刺虚实法》）
〔《素》〕春脉太过，则令人善怒。忽忽眩冒而颠疾，其不及则令人胸痛引背，下则两胁
满。（《玉机真藏论》。背者肺之分野，肝木不及而肺金乘之，故胸痛引背）
〔《灵》〕心气虚则悲，实则笑不休（《本神篇》）。心实则胸中痛，胁支满，胁下痛膺背
肩髀间痛，两臂内痛。虚则胸腹大，胁下与腰相引而痛。（经文见《刺虚实法》）
〔《素》〕夏脉太过，则令人身热肤痛，为浸淫，其不及则令人烦心，上见咳唾，下为气
泄。（《玉机真藏论》）
〔《灵》〕脾气虚则四肢不用，五脏不安，实则腹胀，经溲不利（《本神篇》）。脾实则身
重善饥肉痿，足不收行，善 ，脚下痛。虚则腹满肠鸣飧泄，食不化。（经文见《刺虚实法
》）
〔《素》〕脾脉太过，则令人四肢不举，其不及则令人九窍不通，名曰重强。（《玉机真
藏论》）
〔《灵》〕肺气虚则鼻塞不利，少气，实则喘喝，胸盈，仰息（《本神篇》）。肺实则喘咳
逆气，肩背痛，汗出，尻阴股膝髀 足皆痛。虚则少气不能报息，耳聋嗌
干。（经文见《刺虚实法》）。
〔《素》〕秋脉太过，则令人逆气，而背痛愠愠然。其不及则令人喘，呼吸少气而咳，上
气见血，下闻病音。（《玉机真藏论》）
〔《灵》〕肾气虚则厥，实则胀（《本神篇》）。肾实则腹大胫肿，喘咳，身重，寝汗出憎
风。虚则胸中痛，大腹小腹痛，清厥，意不乐。（经文见《刺虚实法》）
〔《素》〕∶冬脉太过，则令人解 ，脊脉痛而少气，不欲言。其不及则令人心悬，如
病饥， 中清，脊中痛，少腹满，小便变。（《玉机真藏论》）
木不及，其病内舍 胁，外在关节。火不及，其病内舍膺胁，外在经络。土不及，
其病内舍心腹，外在肌肉四肢。金不及，其病内舍膺胁肩背，外在皮毛。水不及，其病内舍
腰脊骨髓，外在溪谷 膝。（《气交变论》）
黄帝问曰∶春脉如弦，何如而弦？岐伯对曰∶春脉者，肝也，东方木也，万物之所以始
生也，故其气来 弱，轻虚而滑，端直以长，故曰弦，反此者病。帝曰∶何如而反？
岐伯曰∶其气来实而强，此谓太过，病在外，其气来不实而微，此谓不及，病在中。（《玉
机真藏论》）
〔《难》〕春脉弦，反者为病，何谓反？然，其气来实强，是谓太过，病在外。气来虚微
，是谓不及，病在内。（《十五难》）
〔《素》〕帝曰∶夏脉如钩，何如而钩？岐伯曰∶夏脉者，心也，南方火也，万物之所以
盛长也，故其气来盛去衰，故曰钩，反此者病。帝曰∶何如而反？岐伯曰∶其气来盛去亦盛
，此谓太过，病在外。其气来不盛，去反盛，此谓不及，病在中。（《玉机真藏论》）
〔《难》〕夏脉钩，反者为病，何谓反？然，其气来实强，是谓太过，病在外，气来虚微
，是谓不及，病在内。（《十五难》）
〔《素》〕帝曰∶秋脉如浮，何如而浮？岐伯曰∶秋脉者，肺也，西方金也，万物之所以
收成也，故其气来轻虚以浮，来急去散，故曰浮，反此者病。帝曰∶何如而反？岐伯曰∶其
气来毛而中央坚，两傍虚，此谓太过，病在外。其气来毛而微，此谓不及，病在中。（《玉
机真藏论》）
〔《难》〕秋脉毛，反者为病，何谓反？然，其气来实强，是谓太过，病在外。气来虚微
，是谓不及，病在内。（《十五难》）
〔《素》〕帝曰∶冬脉如营，如何而营？岐伯曰∶冬脉者，肾也，万物之所合藏也，故其
气来沉以搏，故曰营，反此者病。帝曰∶何如而反？岐伯曰∶其气来如弹石者，此谓太过，
病在外。其去如数者，此谓不及，病在中。（《玉机真藏论》）
〔《难》〕冬脉石，反者为病，何谓反？其气来实强，是谓太过，病在外。气来虚微，是
谓不及，病在中。（《难十五问》）
〔《素》〕帝曰∶四时之序，逆从之变异也。然脾脉独何主？岐伯曰∶脾脉者，土也，孤
藏以灌四傍者也。帝曰∶然则脾善恶，可得见之乎？岐伯曰∶善者不可得见，恶者可见。帝
曰∶恶者何如可见？岐伯曰∶其来如水之流者，此谓太过，病在外。如鸟之喙者，此谓不及
，病在中。（《玉机真藏论》）
〔《难》〕脾者，中州也。其平和不可得见，衰乃见耳。如雀之啄，如水之下漏，是脾之
衰见也。（《十五难》）
〔《灵》〕阴气盛，则梦涉大水而恐惧。阳气盛，则梦大火而燔 。阴阳俱盛，则梦
相杀。上盛则梦飞，下盛则梦堕。甚饥则梦取，甚饱则梦与。肝气盛，则梦怒。肺气盛，
则梦恐惧，哭泣，飞扬。心气盛，则梦善笑，恐畏。脾气盛，则梦歌乐，身体重不举。肾气
盛，则梦腰脊两解不属。凡此十二盛者，至而泻之，立已。厥气客于心，则梦见丘山烟火。
客于肺，则梦飞扬见金铁之奇物。客于肝，则梦山林树木。客于脾，则梦见丘陵大泽，坏屋
风雨。客于肾，则梦临渊，没居水中。客于膀胱，则梦游行。客于胃，则梦饮食。客于大肠
，则梦田野。客于小肠，则梦聚邑街衢。客于胆，则梦斗讼自刳。客于阴器，则梦接内。客
于项，则梦斩首。客于胫，则梦行走而不能前，及居深地 苑中。客于股肱，则梦礼节
拜起。客于胞 ，则梦溲便。凡此十五不足者，至而补之，立已也。（《淫邪发梦说》）
肝胆（味辛补，酸泻。气温补，凉泻）
心小肠（味咸补，甘泻。气热补，寒泻）
脾胃（味甘补，苦泻。气温补，寒泻）补泻各从其宜，逆从互换，入求责法）
肺大肠（味酸补，辛泻。气凉补，温泻）
肾膀胱（味苦补，咸泻。气寒补，热泻）
肝苦急，急食甘以缓之，甘草；肝欲散，急食辛以散之，川芎；以辛补之，细辛；以酸
补之，芍药；肝虚以生姜、陈皮之类补之；虚则补其母，肾者肝之母也，以熟地、黄柏补肾
；如无他证，钱氏地黄丸补之。
补肝丸 四物汤 内加防风、羌活，等分为细末。炼蜜为丸是也。
镇肝丸 即泻青丸去栀子、大黄是也。治肝虚，钱氏补肾地黄丸。（方见劳）
〔海〕肝实以白芍药泻之，如无他证，钱氏泻青丸主之。实则泻其子，心乃肝之子，以甘草泻心。
〔钱氏〕泻青丸
当归（去芦，焙称） 草龙胆（焙称） 川芎 栀子 川大黄（煨） 羌活 防风（去芦）
上各等分
为末，炼蜜为丸，鸡头大。每服一丸，煎竹叶汤同砂糖温水化下。（海藏云∶东垣先生
治后风热毒翳膜气晕遮睛，以此剂泻之大效，初觉易治。）
〔仲〕问曰∶上工治未病，何也？师曰∶夫治未病者，见肝之病，知肝传脾，当先实脾，
四季脾土不受邪，即勿补之。中工不晓相传，见肝之病，不解实脾，惟治肝也。夫肝之病，
补用酸，助用焦苦，益用甘味之药调之。酸入肝，焦苦入心，甘入脾，脾能伤肾之气，肾气
微弱则水不行，水不行，则心火气盛则伤肺，肺被伤则金气不行，金气不行则肝木自愈，此
治肝补脾之要妙也。肝虚则用此法，实则不必用之。经曰∶虚虚实实，补不足，损有余，是
其义也。余脏准此。
〔垣〕从前来者，为实邪；从后来者，为虚邪。此子能令母实，母能令子虚是也。治法云
∶虚则补其母，实则泻其子。假令肝受心火之邪，是从前来者为实邪，当泻其子火也。然非
直泻其火，十二经中各有金、木、水、火、土，当木之分泻其火也。故《标本论》云∶本而
标之，先治其本，后治其标。既肝受火邪，先于肝经五穴中泻荥火，行间穴是也。后治其标
者，于心经五穴内泻荥火，少府穴是也。以药论之，入肝经药为引用，泻心火药为君。标而
本之，先治其标，后治其本。既肝受水邪，当先于肾经涌泉穴中补木，是先治其标。后于肝
经曲泉穴中泻水，是后治其本。以药论之，入肾经药为引用，补肝经药为君是也。
〔海〕心苦缓，急食酸以收之，五味子；心欲软，急食咸以软之，芒硝；以咸补之，泽泻
；以甘泻之，人参、黄 、甘草；心虚以炒盐补之；虚则补其母，肝乃心之母，以生姜补肝
；如无他证，钱氏安神丸是也。
〔钱氏〕安神丸
麦门冬（去心，焙） 马牙硝 白茯苓 干山药 寒水石（研） 甘草（各半两） 朱砂（一两，
研） 龙脑（一字，研）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如鸡头大。每服半丸，砂糖水化下无时。
〔海〕八物定志丸 补益心神，安定魂魄，治痰去胸中邪热，理肺肾。（此方补心，更俟同志定夺）
人参（一两半） 菖蒲 远志（去心） 茯神（去心） 茯苓（去皮，各一两） 朱砂（二钱） 白术
麦门冬（去心，各半两） 牛黄（二钱，另细研）
上为细末，炼蜜丸如桐子大。米饮汤下三十丸，无时。若髓竭不足，加生地黄、当归；
若肺气不足，加天门冬、麦门冬、五味子；若心气不足，加上党参、茯神、菖蒲；若脾气不
足，加白术、白芍药、益智；若肝气不足，加天麻、川芎；若肾气不足，加熟地黄、远志、
牡丹皮；若胆气不足，加细辛、酸枣仁、地榆；若神昏不足，加朱砂、预知子、茯神。
心实以甘草泻之，如无他证，以钱氏方中重则泻心汤，轻则导赤散。
〔钱氏〕泻心汤
黄连（一两，去须）
上为极细末。每服一字至半钱一钱，临卧温水调下。（海藏云∶易老单方泻心汤、出于
此，乃实邪也，实则泻其子）
〔钱氏〕导赤散（丹溪云∶导赤散正小肠药也）
生地黄 木通 甘草（各等分）
上同为末。每服三钱，水一盏，入竹叶七片，同煎至五分，食后温服。（一本不用甘草，用黄芩）
脾苦湿，急食苦以燥之，白术；脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，甘草；以甘补之，人参；以苦
泻之，黄连；脾虚以甘草、大枣之类补之。如无他证，以钱氏益黄散补之。虚则补其母，心
乃脾之母，以炒盐补心。
〔钱氏〕益黄散
陈皮（一两） 青皮 诃子肉 甘草（各半两） 丁香（二钱）
上为细末。每服二钱三钱煎服。（海藏云∶此剂泻脾以燥湿）
〔东垣〕阎孝忠编集钱氏方，以益黄散补土。又言风旺必克脾土，当先实其脾。味者不审
脾中寒热，一例用补脾药。又不审药中有丁香、青皮辛热，大泻肺金。脾虚之症，岂可反泻
其子，为寒水反来侮土。中寒呕吐，腹痛泻痢青白，口鼻中气冷，益黄散，神治之药也。如
因服热药巴豆之类过剂，损其脾胃；或因暑天伤热积食，损其脾胃，而成吐泻，口鼻中气热
而成慢惊者，不可服之。今立一方治胃中风热，名人参安胃散。
黄 （二钱） 人参（一钱） 生甘草（半钱） 炙甘草（半钱） 白芍药（七分） 陈皮（一钱，去白） 黄连
（少许） 白茯苓（四分）
上为粗末。每服水二盏，煎五沸，去渣。温服。
〔海〕脾实以枳实泻之，如无他证，以钱氏泻黄散泻之。实则泻其子，肺乃脾之子，以桑
白皮泻肺。
（钱氏）泻黄散
藿香（七钱） 山栀仁（一两） 石膏（半两） 甘草（二两） 防风（四两）
上锉，同蜜酒微炒香，为细末。每服二钱，水一盏，煎清汁服。（海藏云∶此剂泻。肺热。）
〔海〕肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泻之，诃子皮，一作黄芩；肺欲收，急食酸以收之，白芍药
；以酸补之，五味子；以辛泻之，桑白皮；肺虚以五味子补之。如无他证，钱氏补肺阿胶散
主之。虚则补其母，脾乃肺之母，以甘草补脾。
〔钱氏〕补肺阿胶散
阿胶（一两，半炒） 黍粘子（一两，炒香） 马兜铃（半两，炒） 甘草（一钱，炒） 杏仁（七个，去
皮尖） 糯米（一两）
上为末。每服二钱，水一盏，食后。（海藏云∶杏仁泻肺，非若人参、天冬、麦冬之补
也，当以意消息之）
〔海〕肺实以桑白皮泻之。如无他证，以泻白散主之。实则泻其子，肾乃肺之子，以泽泻
泻肾。
〔钱氏〕泻白散
桑白皮（一两，炒黄） 地骨皮（一两） 甘草（半两，炒）
上为细末。每服二钱，水一盏，入粳米百粒同煎，食后服。易老加黄连。（海藏云∶治
肺热传骨蒸热，自宜用此、以直泻之，用山栀、黄芩方能泻肺，但当以气血分之）
〔海〕肾苦燥，急食辛以润之，知母、黄柏；肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之，知母；以苦补之，
黄柏；以咸泻之，泽泻；肾虚，以熟地、黄柏补之。
〔垣〕肾有两枚，右为命门相火，左为肾水，同质而异性也。经曰∶形不足者，温之以气
；精不足者，补之以味。又云∶气化精生，味和形长。无阴则阳无以化，当以味补肾真阴之
虚，阴本既固，阳气自生，化成精髓。若相火阳精不足，宜用辛温之剂，世人用辛热之剂，
治寒甚之病，非补肾也（《难经》云∶脏各有一耳，肾独有两者，何也？然肾两名，非皆肾也
According to the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot): When Liver Qi is deficient, there is fear; when it is excess, there is anger (from *Ben Shen Lun*). In Liver excess, pain occurs in both hypochondriac regions radiating to the lower abdomen, accompanied by irritability. In Liver deficiency, vision becomes blurred, hearing diminishes, fear is prominent, and one feels as if being pursued (The classic text is found in *Ci Xu Shi Fa*).
According to the *Su Wen* (Basic Questions): An excessive Spring pulse causes irritability, dizziness, vertigo, and even manic disorders. If the pulse is insufficient, it causes chest pain radiating to the back, and fullness in both hypochondriac regions below (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*. The back corresponds to the Lung field; when Liver Wood is insufficient, Lung Metal overacts upon it, hence chest pain radiating to the back).
According to the *Ling Shu*: When Heart Qi is deficient, there is sorrow; when it is excess, there is incessant laughter (from *Ben Shen Pian*). In Heart excess, there is pain in the chest, distension and fullness in the hypochondrium, pain under the hypochondrium, and pain in the precordium, back, shoulder, and thigh region, as well as pain in the inner aspect of both arms. In Heart deficiency, the chest and abdomen are distended, with pain drawing between the hypochondrium and the waist (The classic text is found in *Ci Xu Shi Fa*).
According to the *Su Wen*: An excessive Summer pulse causes feverish sensation and skin pain, developing into spreading sores (Jin Yin). If the pulse is insufficient, it causes vexation in the heart, coughing and spitting upwards, and Qi leakage downwards (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
According to the *Ling Shu*: When Spleen Qi is deficient, the four limbs lose their use, and the five Zang organs become unsettled; when it is excess, there is abdominal distension and difficulty in urination and defecation (from *Ben Shen Pian*). In Spleen excess, the body feels heavy, hunger is frequent but muscles atrophy, the feet cannot support walking, spasms occur, and the sole of the foot is painful. In Spleen deficiency, there is abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested stool diarrhea, and food stagnation (The classic text is found in *Ci Xu Shi Fa*).
According to the *Su Wen*: An excessive Spleen pulse causes inability to lift the four limbs. If the pulse is insufficient, it causes obstruction of the nine orifices, termed "Zhong Qiang" (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
According to the *Ling Shu*: When Lung Qi is deficient, there is nasal congestion and difficulty breathing, with shortness of breath; when it is excess, there is wheezing and drinking sounds, chest fullness, and仰息 (breathing with the head thrown back) (from *Ben Shen Pian*). In Lung excess, there is wheezing, coughing, rebellious Qi, shoulder and back pain, sweating, and pain in the coccyx, yin region, thigh, knee, thigh bone, and foot. In Lung deficiency, there is shortness of breath, inability to take deep breaths, deafness, and dry throat (The classic text is found in *Ci Xu Shi Fa*).
According to the *Su Wen*: An excessive Autumn pulse causes rebellious Qi and a lingering pain in the back. If the pulse is insufficient, it causes wheezing, shortness of breath with coughing, hemoptysis above, and abnormal sounds below (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
According to the *Ling Shu*: When Kidney Qi is deficient, there is cold extremities (Jue); when it is excess, there is abdominal distension (from *Ben Shen Pian*). In Kidney excess, there is abdominal swelling, leg edema, wheezing and coughing, heaviness of the body, night sweats, and aversion to wind. In Kidney deficiency, there is pain in the chest, pain in the greater and lesser abdomen, cold extremities, and unhappiness (The classic text is found in *Ci Xu Shi Fa*).
According to the *Su Wen*: An excessive Winter pulse causes flaccidity, pain in the spinal vessels, shortness of breath, and reluctance to speak. If the pulse is insufficient, it causes a feeling of emptiness in the heart as if hungry, coldness in the epigastrium, pain in the spine, lower abdominal fullness, and abnormal urination (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
When Wood is insufficient, the disease resides internally in the hypochondrium and externally in the joints. When Fire is insufficient, the disease resides internally in the precordium and hypochondrium and externally in the collaterals. When Earth is insufficient, the disease resides internally in the heart and abdomen and externally in the muscles and four limbs. When Metal is insufficient, the disease resides internally in the precordium, hypochondrium, and shoulder/back and externally in the skin and hair. When Water is insufficient, the disease resides internally in the waist, spine, and marrow and externally in the muscle valleys and knees (from *Qi Jiao Bian Lun*).
Yellow Emperor asked: The Spring pulse is like a string. What makes it a string pulse? Qi Bo replied: The Spring pulse corresponds to the Liver, Eastern Wood, and the beginning of all things' growth. Therefore, its Qi comes weak, light, void, slippery, straight, and long, thus called "Xian" (String). Opposite to this indicates disease. The Emperor asked: How is it opposite? Qi Bo said: When the Qi comes solid and strong, this is called Excess (Tai Guo), indicating disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes not solid and weak, this is called Insufficiency (Bu Ji), indicating disease in the interior (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The Spring pulse should be Xian; deviation indicates disease. What is deviation? Answer: When the Qi comes solid and strong, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes void and weak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Nan Jing 15*).
According to the *Su Wen*: The Emperor asked: The Summer pulse is like a hook. What makes it a hook pulse? Qi Bo said: The Summer pulse corresponds to the Heart, Southern Fire, and the flourishing growth of all things. Therefore, its Qi comes vigorous and departs declining, thus called "Gou" (Hook). Opposite to this indicates disease. The Emperor asked: How is it opposite? Qi Bo said: When the Qi comes vigorous and departs also vigorous, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes not vigorous but departs vigorously, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
The *Nan Jing* states: The Summer pulse should be Gou; deviation indicates disease. What is deviation? Answer: When the Qi comes solid and strong, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes void and weak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Nan Jing 15*).
According to the *Su Wen*: The Emperor asked: The Autumn pulse is like floating. What makes it a floating pulse? Qi Bo said: The Autumn pulse corresponds to the Lung, Western Metal, and the harvesting of all things. Therefore, its Qi comes light, void, and floating, coming urgent and departing scattered, thus called "Fu" (Floating). Opposite to this indicates disease. The Emperor asked: How is it opposite? Qi Bo said: When the Qi comes like hair with a firm center and empty sides, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes like hair and is weak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
The *Nan Jing* states: The Autumn pulse should be Mao (Hair); deviation indicates disease. What is deviation? Answer: When the Qi comes solid and strong, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes void and weak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Nan Jing 15*).
According to the *Su Wen*: The Emperor asked: The Winter pulse is like Ying (Camp/Deep). How is it Ying? Qi Bo said: The Winter pulse corresponds to the Kidney, where all things gather and store. Therefore, its Qi comes deep and pounding, thus called "Ying". Opposite to this indicates disease. The Emperor asked: How is it opposite? Qi Bo said: When the Qi comes like throwing stones, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When it departs like rapid beats, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
The *Nan Jing* states: The Winter pulse should be Shi (Stone); deviation indicates disease. What is deviation? When the Qi comes solid and strong, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When the Qi comes void and weak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Nan Jing 15*).
According to the *Su Wen*: The Emperor asked: The order of the four seasons involves changes of compliance and opposition. But what does the Spleen pulse primarily govern? Qi Bo said: The Spleen pulse belongs to Earth, the solitary Zang organ that irrigates the four directions. The Emperor asked: Can the good or bad state of the Spleen be seen? Qi Bo said: The good state cannot be seen, but the bad state can be seen. The Emperor asked: How can the bad state be seen? Qi Bo said: When it comes like flowing water, this is Excess, disease in the exterior. When it comes like a bird's beak, this is Insufficiency, disease in the interior (from *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun*).
The *Nan Jing* states: The Spleen is in the Central Region. Its peaceful state cannot be seen; only decline is visible. Like a sparrow pecking, or water leaking down, this is the sign of Spleen decline (from *Nan Jing 15*).
According to the *Ling Shu*: When Yin Qi is excess, one dreams of crossing large waters and feeling fearful. When Yang Qi is excess, one dreams of large fires burning. When both Yin and Yang are excess, one dreams of killing each other. When Upper Qi is excess, one dreams of flying; when Lower Qi is excess, one dreams of falling. When very hungry, one dreams of taking; when very full, one dreams of giving. When Liver Qi is excess, one dreams of anger. When Lung Qi is excess, one dreams of fear, crying, and flying. When Heart Qi is excess, one dreams of laughing and fearing. When Spleen Qi is excess, one dreams of singing and joy, with a heavy body unable to move. When Kidney Qi is excess, one dreams of the waist and spine separating. For these twelve Excess conditions, when the pathogen arrives, apply draining methods, and recovery will be immediate. If Jue Qi lodges in the Heart, one dreams of hills and volcanic smoke. Lodging in the Lung, one dreams of flying and seeing strange metal objects. Lodging in the Liver, one dreams of mountains and forests. Lodging in the Spleen, one dreams of hills, large marshes, broken houses, wind, and rain. Lodging in the Kidney, one dreams of approaching abysses and being submerged in water. Lodging in the Bladder, one dreams of traveling. Lodging in the Stomach, one dreams of eating and drinking. Lodging in the Large Intestine, one dreams of fields. Lodging in the Small Intestine, one dreams of crowded cities and streets. Lodging in the Gallbladder, one dreams of fighting, litigation, or self-harm. Lodging in the genitalia, one dreams of sexual intercourse. Lodging in the neck, one dreams of decapitation. Lodging in the shins, one dreams of walking but unable to advance, or dwelling in deep places. Lodging in the thighs and arms, one dreams of ceremonial bowing and rising. Lodging in the Bao Luo (Uterus/Pelvis), one dreams of urination and defecation. For these fifteen Deficiency conditions, when the pathogen arrives, apply tonifying methods, and recovery will be immediate (from *Yin Xie Fa Meng Shuo*).
Liver and Gallbladder (Pungent taste tonifies, Sour taste drains. Warm nature tonifies, Cool nature drains).
Heart and Small Intestine (Salty taste tonifies, Sweet taste drains. Hot nature tonifies, Cold nature drains).
Spleen and Stomach (Sweet taste tonifies, Bitter taste drains. Warm nature tonifies, Cold nature drains. Tonification and draining should follow appropriateness; reverse and direct methods interchange, seeking the principle).
Lung and Large Intestine (Sour taste tonifies, Pungent taste drains. Cool nature tonifies, Warm nature drains).
Kidney and Bladder (Bitter taste tonifies, Salty taste drains. Cold nature tonifies, Hot nature drains).
If the Liver suffers from tension, urgently eat Sweet flavor to relax it, such as Gan Cao (Licorice Root); if the Liver desires dispersion, urgently eat Pungent flavor to disperse it, such as Chuan Xiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome); use Pungent flavor to tonify the Liver, such as Xi Xin (Asarum); use Sour flavor to tonify the Liver, such as Shao Yao (Peony Root); for Liver deficiency, tonify with Ginger and Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel); deficiency requires tonifying the Mother, the Kidney is the Mother of the Liver, tonify the Kidney with Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) and Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark); if there are no other symptoms, use Qian Shi Di Huang Wan (Child's Rehmannia Pill).
Bu Gan Wan (Tonify Liver Pill): This is Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) and Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), ground into fine powder, and formed into pills with refined honey.
Zhen Gan Wan (Calm Liver Pill): This is Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Decoction) minus Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit) and Da Huang (Rhubarb Root). It treats Liver deficiency; use Qian Shi Bu Shen Di Huang Wan (Child's Tonify Kidney Rehmannia Pill). (Formula see Lao section).
Li Dongyuan states: For Liver excess, drain with Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root); if there are no other symptoms, use Qian Shi Xie Qing Wan (Child's Drain Green Pill) as the main treatment. Excess requires draining the Child; the Heart is the Child of the Liver, drain the Heart with Gan Cao (Licorice Root).
Qian Yi's Xie Qing Wan:
Dang Gui (Remove radicle, bake and weigh) Cao Long Dan (Bake and weigh) Chuan Xiong Zhi Zi Chuan Da Huang (Stir-bake) Qiang Huo Fang Feng (Remove radicle)
All in equal parts.
Grind into fine powder, form pills with refined honey, size of a corn kernel. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in warm water with bamboo leaf decoction and sugar. (Li Dongyuan says: Zhang Yuansu treated post-wind heat toxin causing cataracts and visual obstruction with this formula for great effect; early detection is easy to treat.)
Zhang Zhongjing asked: Why do superior physicians treat disease before it arises? The Master said: Treating disease before it arises means seeing Liver disease, knowing the Liver transmits to the Spleen, and thus first strengthening the Spleen. If the Spleen Earth is not affected by pathogens in the four seasons, then do not tonify it. Average physicians do not understand transmission; seeing Liver disease, they fail to strengthen the Spleen and only treat the Liver. To treat Liver disease, tonify with Sour flavor, assist with Burnt Bitter flavor, and benefit with Sweet flavor medicines to regulate. Sour enters the Liver, Burnt Bitter enters the Heart, Sweet enters the Spleen. The Spleen can restrain Kidney Qi; if Kidney Qi is weak, Water does not flow. If Water does not flow, Heart Fire becomes excessive and injures the Lung. If the Lung is injured, Metal Qi does not flow. If Metal Qi does not flow, Liver Wood heals itself. This is the subtlety of treating the Liver by tonifying the Spleen. Use this method for Liver deficiency, not for Liver excess. The Classic says: Do not make deficiency more deficient or excess more excess; tonify insufficiency, reduce excess. This is the meaning. The same applies to other Zang organs.
Li Dongyuan states: Coming from the front is Excess Evil; coming from behind is Deficiency Evil. This is because the Child can make the Mother excess, and the Mother can make the Child deficient. Treatment method says: Deficiency tonifies the Mother, Excess drains the Child. For example, if the Liver receives Heart Fire evil, it comes from the front as Excess Evil, and one should drain the Child Fire. However, it is not directly draining the Heart Fire; among the twelve meridians, each has Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth. At the Wood (Liver) division, drain the Fire. Thus, *Biao Ben Lun* says: Treat the root then the branch; treat the root first, then the branch. Since the Liver receives Fire evil, first drain the Ying-Fire point in the Liver meridian, Xing Jian (LR2). Then treat the branch: drain the Ying-Fire point in the Heart meridian, Shao Fu (HT8). From a herbal perspective, herbs entering the Liver meridian are guiding herbs, and herbs draining Heart Fire are sovereign herbs. Treat the branch then the root: first treat the branch, then the root. If the Liver receives Water evil, first tonify Wood at Yong Quan (KI1) in the Kidney meridian, which is treating the branch first. Then drain Water at Qu Quan (LR8) in the Liver meridian, which is treating the root later. From a herbal perspective, herbs entering the Kidney meridian are guiding herbs, and herbs tonifying the Liver meridian are sovereign herbs.
Li Dongyuan states: If the Heart suffers from laxity, urgently eat Sour flavor to astringe it, such as Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry); if the Heart desires softening, urgently eat Salty flavor to soften it, such as Mang Xiao (Mirabilite); use Salty flavor to tonify the Heart, such as Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome); use Sweet flavor to drain the Heart, such as Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Huang Qi (Astragalus Root), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root); for Heart deficiency, tonify with fried salt; deficiency requires tonifying the Mother, the Liver is the Mother of the Heart, tonify the Liver with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger); if there are no other symptoms, use Qian Shi An Shen Wan (Child's Calm Spirit Pill).
Qian Yi's An Shen Wan:
Mai Men Dong (Remove heart, bake) Ma Ya Xiao Bai Fu Ling Gan Shan Yao Han Shui Shi (Grind) Gan Cao (Each half liang) Zhu Sha (One liang, grind) Long Nao (One zi, grind)
Grind into fine powder, form pills with refined honey, size of a corn kernel. Take half a pill per dose, dissolve in sugar water at any time.
Li Dongyuan's Ba Wu Ding Zhi Wan: Tonifies Heart Spirit, calms Hun and Po, treats phlegm removing chest heat, regulates Lung and Kidney. (This formula tonifies the Heart, awaiting discussion by colleagues).
Ren Shen (One and a half liang) Shi Pu Yuan Zhi (Remove heart) Fu Shen (Remove heart) Fu Qu (Remove skin, each one liang) Zhu Sha (Two qian) Bai Zhu Mai Men Dong (Remove heart, each half liang) Niu Huang (Two qian, separately finely ground)
Grind into fine powder, form pills with refined honey, size of a sesame seed. Take thirty pills with rice drink soup at any time. If Marrow exhaustion is insufficient, add Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) and Dang Gui (Angelica Root); if Lung Qi is insufficient, add Tian Men Dong (Asparagus Tuber), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry); if Heart Qi is insufficient, add Shang Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root), Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood), and Shi Pu (Acorus Rhizome); if Spleen Qi is insufficient, add Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root), and Yi Zhi (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit); if Liver Qi is insufficient, add Tian Ma (Gastrodia Rhizome) and Chuan Xiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome); if Kidney Qi is insufficient, add Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root), and Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex); if Gallbladder Qi is insufficient, add Xi Xin (Asarum) and Suan Zao Ren (Ziziphus Seed); if Spirit confusion is insufficient, add Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), Yu Zhi Zi (Actinidia Fruit), and Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood).
Heart excess is drained with Gan Cao (Licorice Root); if there are no other symptoms, use Qian Shi's heavy formula Xie Xin Tang (Drain Heart Decoction) or light formula Dao Chi San (Guide Out Red Powder).
Qian Yi's Xie Xin Tang:
Huang Lian (One liang, remove stamens)
Grind into extremely fine powder. Take one zi to half qian or one qian per dose, mix with warm water before sleep. (Li Dongyuan says: Yi Lao's single formula Xie Xin Tang originates from here, dealing with Excess Evil, Excess requires draining the Child).
Qian Yi's Dao Chi San (Danxi says: Dao Chi San is precisely a medicine for the Small Intestine).
Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) Mu Tong (Akebia Stem) Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (Equal parts)
Grind together into powder. Take three qian per dose, with one cup of water, add seven leaves of Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), decoct until half remains, take warm after meals. (Another version uses no Gan Cao, but uses Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root)).
The Spleen suffers from Dampness, urgently eat Bitter flavor to dry it, such as Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome); the Spleen desires relaxation, urgently eat Sweet flavor to relax it, such as Gan Cao (Licorice Root); use Sweet flavor to tonify the Spleen, such as Ren Shen (Ginseng Root); use Bitter flavor to drain the Spleen, such as Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome); for Spleen deficiency, tonify with Gan Cao (Licorice Root) and Da Zao (Jujube Fruit). If there are no other symptoms, use Qian Yi's Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder) to tonify. Deficiency requires tonifying the Mother, the Heart is the Mother of the Spleen, tonify the Heart with fried salt.
Qian Yi's Yi Huang San:
Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel) (One liang) Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel) He Zi Rou (Chebula Fruit Flesh) Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (Each half liang) Ding Xiang (Clove) (Two qian)
Grind into fine powder. Take two or three qian per dose, decoct and take. (Li Dongyuan says: This formula drains the Spleen to dry dampness).
Li Dongyuan says: Yan Xiaozhong compiled Qian Yi's formulas, using Yi Huang San to tonify Earth. He also said that Wind prosperity must overcome Spleen Earth, so one must first solidify the Spleen. Ignorant doctors do not examine cold and heat in the Spleen, uniformly using Spleen-tonifying medicines. They also fail to examine that the medicine contains Ding Xiang (Clove) and Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel), which are pungent and hot, greatly draining Lung Metal. For Spleen deficiency symptoms, how can one drain the Child, causing Cold Water to insult Earth? For middle-cold vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea with green and white stool, and cold breath from mouth and nose, Yi Huang San is a miraculous medicine. However, if due to overdosing on hot medicines like Ba Dou (Croton Seed), damaging the Spleen and Stomach; or due to summer heat injuring accumulated food, damaging the Spleen and Stomach, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea, hot breath from mouth and nose, leading to slow convulsions, it must not be taken. Now I establish a formula to treat wind-heat in the Stomach, named Ren Shen An Wei San (Ginseng Stomach-Calming Powder).
Huang Qi (Astragalus Root) (Two qian) Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) (One qian) Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root) (Half qian) Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) (Half qian) Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root) (Seven fen) Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel, remove white pith) (One qian) Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (A little) Bai Fu Ling (Poria) (Four fen)
Grind into coarse powder. Take two cups of water per dose, boil five times, remove dregs. Take warm.
Li Dongyuan says: Spleen excess is drained with Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange); if there are no other symptoms, use Qian Yi's Xie Huang San (Drain Yellow Powder) to drain. Excess requires draining the Child; the Lung is the Child of the Spleen, drain the Lung with Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark).
Qian Yi's Xie Huang San:
Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb) (Seven qian) Shan Zhi Ren (Gardenia Seed) (One liang) Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (Half liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (Two liang) Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) (Four liang)
Cut up, stir-fry slightly fragrant with honey and wine, grind into fine powder. Take two qian per dose, with one cup of water, decoct clear juice and take. (Li Dongyuan says: This formula drains Lung heat.)
Li Dongyuan says: The Lung suffers from rebellious Qi, urgently eat Bitter flavor to drain it, such as Ke Zi Pi (Chebula Peel), alternatively Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root); the Lung desires consolidation, urgently eat Sour flavor to consolidate it, such as Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root); use Sour flavor to tonify the Lung, such as Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry); use Pungent flavor to drain the Lung, such as Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark); for Lung deficiency, tonify with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry). If there are no other symptoms, use Qian Yi's Bu Fei E Jiao San (Tonify Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder) as the main treatment. Deficiency requires tonifying the Mother; the Spleen is the Mother of the Lung, tonify the Spleen with Gan Cao (Licorice Root).
Qian Yi's Bu Fei E Jiao San:
E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) (One liang, half stir-fried) Shu Nian Zi (Burdock Fruit) (One liang, stir-fried fragrant) Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochia Root) (Half liang, stir-fried) Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (One qian, stir-fried) Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) (Seven, remove skin and tip) Nuomi (Glutinous Rice) (One liang)
Grind into powder. Take two qian per dose, with one cup of water, after meals. (Li Dongyuan says: Xing Ren drains the Lung, unlike Ren Shen, Tian Dong, and Mai Dong which tonify; one must deliberate carefully).
Li Dongyuan says: Lung excess is drained with Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark). If there are no other symptoms, use Xie Bai San (Drain White Powder) as the main treatment. Excess requires draining the Child; the Kidney is the Child of the Lung, drain the Kidney with Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome).
Qian Yi's Xie Bai San:
Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark) (One liang, stir-fry yellow) Di Gu Pi (Lycium Bark) (One liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (Half liang, stir-fried)
Grind into fine powder. Take two qian per dose, with one cup of water, add one hundred grains of Jing Mi (Rice), decoct together, take after meals. Yi Lao adds Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome). (Li Dongyuan says: To treat Lung heat transmitting to bone-steaming fever, naturally use this formula to directly drain; using Zhi Zi and Huang Qin can drain the Lung, but distinguish by Qi and Blood).
Li Dongyuan says: The Kidney suffers from Dryness, urgently eat Pungent flavor to moisten it, such as Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) and Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark); the Kidney desires firmness, urgently eat Bitter flavor to firm it, such as Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome); use Bitter flavor to tonify the Kidney, such as Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark); use Salty flavor to drain the Kidney, such as Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome); for Kidney deficiency, tonify with Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) and Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark).
Li Dongyuan says: The Kidneys are two; the right is Ming Men (Gate of Life) Minister Fire, the left is Kidney Water. They share the same substance but differ in nature. The Classic says: For insufficiency of form, warm with Qi; for insufficiency of essence, tonify with flavor. It also says: Qi transformation generates essence, harmony of flavor promotes form growth. Without Yin, Yang cannot transform; one should use flavor to tonify the true Yin deficiency of the Kidney. Once the Yin foundation is solid, Yang Qi naturally generates, transforming into essence and marrow. If Minister Fire and Yang Essence are insufficient, suitable pungent-warm agents should be used. The world uses pungent-hot agents to treat severe cold diseases, which is not tonifying the Kidney (*Nan Jing* says: Each Zang has one, why do the Kidneys have two? Answer: The Kidney is named two, but they are not both Kidney [Water]).