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If the disease persists after sweating, and chills appear instead, it is due to deficiency; Shaoyao Gancao Fuzi Tang (Peony, Licorice, and Aconite Decoction) should be administered.

[Commentary]
The character "bu" (not) in "disease does not resolve after sweating" is a superfluous character. If the disease does not resolve after sweating, chills are expected; how can they be described as appearing "instead"? Only when chills persist after the disease has resolved can it be termed deficiency. Therefore, this character should be deleted.

When a patient presents with fever, headache, and a pulse that is surprisingly deep, if the condition does not improve, and body pain occurs accompanied by "diarrhea with undigested food," the interior should be warmed, and Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is appropriate.

[Commentary]
The four characters "diarrhea with undigested food" should follow "body pain." Without these four characters, the instruction to "warm the interior" lacks a basis, as there is no rationale for warming the interior when only exterior symptoms exist. Reading further into the Taiyin Chapter states: "In cold damage, if the physician incorrectly uses purgatives, leading to continuous diarrhea with undigested food and body pain, one must urgently rescue the interior using Sini Tang." This clarifies the meaning, so we follow the classic text to supplement it.

In cold damage, if, after sweating, vomiting, or purging, the pathogen remains unresolved after seven or eight days, heat becomes fixed within, causing both exterior and interior heat. There may be occasional sweating with aversion to wind, extreme thirst, dryness on the tongue with irritability, and a desire to drink several liters of water. Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) should be administered.

[Commentary]
The two characters "ruo han" (if sweating) should follow "cold damage," as sweating injures fluids more than vomiting or purging. "Shishi ewufeng" (frequent aversion to wind) should likely be "shi han ewufeng" (occasional sweating with aversion to wind). If it were merely frequent aversion to wind without sweating, it would indicate an unresolved exterior, making Baihu Tang contraindicated. The treatise states: "For fever without sweating and unresolved exterior, Baihu Tang must not be given. For thirst with desire to drink water but no exterior syndrome, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang is indicated." Careful study of the text reveals this; corrections and supplements are necessary.

After sweating, if the pulse is floating and rapid, and there is "difficulty in urination" accompanied by irritability and thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) should be administered.

[Commentary]
The four characters "difficulty in urination" should follow "floating and rapid pulse." Without them, the irritability and thirst would stem from Yangming internal heat, indicating Baihu Tang as the indication. However, because there is difficulty in urination along with irritability and thirst, this indicates water-heat entanglement in the Taiyang channel, which is the specific indication for Wuling San. Using Wuling San without difficulty in urination would violate the prohibition against further depleting fluids. Furthermore, in the Taiyang Upper Chapter, similar cases are listed; only the case of "vomiting immediately after drinking" lacks mention of difficulty in urination because the water fails to descend. All other cases include these four characters. Their absence here is likely a transcription error and should be supplemented.

After taking Guizhi Tang, or following purgation, if head and nape stiffness, mild fever (like a feather covering), anhidrosis, epigastric fullness with slight pain, and difficulty in urination persist, Guizhi Qu Gui Jia Fuling Baizhu Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction minus Cinnamon Twig plus Poria and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) should be administered. [Note: The original text suggests removing Guizhi, but commentary argues for removing Shaoyao].

[Commentary]
Removing Guizhi should actually mean removing Shaoyao. If Guizhi is removed, what agent treats the persistent head/nape stiffness, fever, and anhidrosis of the exterior? Carefully considering the instruction to "prepare the rest according to Guizhi Tang methods" reveals the intent. Taking Guizhi Tang involves covering with blankets for about an hour until slight perspiration appears—this is the method for Guizhi Tang. If Guizhi were removed, the remaining ingredients (Shaoyao, Gancao, Fuling, Baizhu) lack acrid-sweet properties to move Ying and Wei, rendering the instruction to follow Guizhi Tang methods meaningless. Additionally, in cases of rapid pulse, chest fullness, sweating, and aversion to wind, Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang is used; Shaoyao is removed due to chest fullness. Although the current case differs slightly, fullness is present, indicating Shaoyao should be removed. Correction is needed.

In cold damage, if a physician uses pill-based strong purgatives, and body heat persists with slight irritability, Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) should be administered. [Note: Text implies swap between Zhizi Chi Tang and Zhizi Ganjiang Tang].
In cold damage lasting five or six days, after strong purgation, if body heat persists and there is a knotted pain in the heart region, the disease is not yet resolving; Zhizi Ganjiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction) should be administered. [Note: Text implies swap between Zhizi Chi Tang and Zhizi Ganjiang Tang].

[Commentary]
Zhizi Ganjiang Tang should be Zhizi Chi Tang; Zhizi Chi Tang should be Zhizi Ganjiang Tang. It is illogical to use Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) for irritant heat or Chi Shi (Fermented Soybean) for knotted pain. The names should be swapped.

In Taiyang disease, with a floating-tight pulse, anhidrosis, fever, and body pain, if unresolved after eight or nine days and exterior signs remain, sweating should be induced, and Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) should be administered. After taking the medicine, symptoms may slightly subside; the patient may become irritable and close their eyes. In severe cases, epistaxis (nosebleed) will occur, and the disease resolves upon bleeding. This occurs because Yang Qi is excessively constrained. [Mahuang Tang should be administered - Note: Commentary suggests moving this phrase].

[Commentary]
Zhang Jianshan stated: The five characters "Mahuang Tang should be administered" should not appear after "Yang Qi is excessive." How could Mahuang Tang be used after the disease resolves via epistaxis? Above the phrase "after taking medicine," there is no mention of what drug was taken. Moving these five characters above "after taking medicine" makes the text coherent. Correction is needed.

In cold damage with constipation for six or seven days, if there is headache and fever, Chengqi Tang (Laxative Decoction) may be given. If urine is clear, knowing the pathogen is not in the interior but remains in the exterior, sweating should be induced. If the patient suffers from headache ("ku" headache), epistaxis is likely, and Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is appropriate.

[Commentary]
The character "ruo" (if) in "ruo tou tong" should be "ku" (suffer from). "Ku" headache is a sign of impending epistaxis; if "ruo" is used, it implies all headaches cause epistaxis, which is incorrect. Correction is needed.

Epigastric stuffiness, where palpation reveals hardness ("bu ru"), and the pulse is floating at the Guan position, indicates Da Huang Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Rhubarb, Coptis, and Scutellaria Heart-Draining Decoction) should be administered.

[Commentary]
Palpation revealing softness ("ru") should be "palpation revealing hardness" ("bu ru"). If it were soft, it would be a deficiency-type stuffiness, requiring tonification rather than purgation with Da Huang. Supplementation is needed.