太阳病发汗, 遂漏不止, 其人恶风, 小便难,
四肢微急, 难以屈伸者, 此方主之.
桂枝汤加附子一枚 ( 炮去皮, 破八片 ) 煎服法同, 不须啜粥.
【集注】柯琴曰: 发汗太过, 阳无所止息, 而汗出不止矣. 汗多亡阳
,元府不闭, 风乘虚入, 故复恶风; 津液外泄, 不能润下 , 故小便
难. 四肢者, 诸阳之本; 阳气者, 柔则养筋, 开阖不得, 风寒从之,
故筋急而屈伸不利也. 是方以附子加入桂枝汤中, 大补表阳也; 表阳
密,则漏汗自止, 恶风自罢矣. 汗止津回, 则小便自利, 四肢自柔矣
.汗漏不止, 与大汗出同, 而从化变病则异. 服桂枝, 麻黄后, 大汗
出而大烦渴, 是阳陷于里, 急当救阴, 故用白虎加人参汤. 服桂枝,
麻黄汤, 大汗出遂漏不止, 是阳亡于外, 急当救阳, 故用桂枝加附子
汤.要知发汗之剂, 用桂枝不当, 则阳陷于里者多; 用麻黄不当, 则
阳亡于外者多. 因桂枝汤有芍药而无麻黄, 故虽汗大出, 而元府尚能
自闭, 多不致亡阳于外耳.
发汗病解, 反恶寒者, 虚故也, 此方主之.
芍药三两 甘草 ( 炙 ) 二两 附子 ( 炮去皮, 破八片 ) 一枚, 右
三味, 以水五升, 煮取一升五合, 去滓, 分温服.
【集注】柯琴曰: 发汗病解而反恶寒, 比未汗时更甚, 其阳虚可知矣
.夫太阳, 少阴为表里, 太阳之病, 本由少阴之虚, 不能藏精而为阳
之守也. 今恶寒反见于发汗病解后, 是寒邪已从汗解, 太阳阳虚不能
卫外而为阴之使也 , 则阳亡之兆已见于此. 若仍以桂枝汤攻表, 非
以扶阳反以亡阳也. 故以芍药收少阴之精气, 甘草缓阴邪之上行, 附
子补坎宫之少火, 但使肾中元阳得位, 在表之虚阳恶寒自解耳.
Taiyang disease (Disease of the Taiyang/Bladder channel) after sweating therapy, resulting in continuous leakage of sweat, aversion to wind (fear of wind), difficulty in urination, slight stiffness of the four limbs making flexion and extension difficult, this formula is indicated.
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with one Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) (processed, skin removed, broken into eight pieces). The decoction and administration method are the same as before; there is no need to drink warm porridge to assist sweating.
[Collected Annotations] Ke Qin stated: Excessive sweating causes Yang Qi to have no place to rest, leading to unceasing sweat leakage. Profuse sweating leads to loss of Yang Qi, failure of Yuanfu (pores/sweat orifices) to close, allowing Wind to enter due to deficiency, hence the recurrence of aversion to wind; fluids leak outward and cannot moisten downward, hence difficulty in urination. The four limbs are the root of all Yang channels; Yang Qi softens and nourishes the sinews. When opening and closing functions fail, Wind-Cold enters following it, causing sinew stiffness and inability to flex or extend. This formula adds Fuzi to Guizhi Tang to greatly tonify Exterior Yang. When Exterior Yang is secure, leaking sweat stops naturally, and aversion to wind subsides. When sweat stops and fluids return, urination becomes smooth, and the limbs become supple. Continuous sweat leakage is similar to profuse sweating, but the pathological transformation differs. After taking Guizhi Tang or Mahuang Tang, if profuse sweating occurs accompanied by great irritability and thirst, it indicates Yang sinking into the Interior, requiring urgent preservation of Yin, thus Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is used. After taking Guizhi Tang or Mahuang Tang, if profuse sweating occurs followed immediately by continuous leakage, it indicates Yang escaping to the Exterior, requiring urgent rescue of Yang, thus Guizhi Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Prepared Aconite) is used. It must be known that when using diaphoretic agents, improper use of Guizhi often leads to Yang sinking into the Interior; improper use of Mahuang often leads to Yang escaping to the Exterior. Because Guizhi Tang contains Shaoyao (Peony Root) but lacks Mahuang, even if sweating is profuse, the Yuanfu can still close itself, so it rarely leads to loss of Yang on the Exterior.
After sweating, the disease resolves, yet aversion to cold persists; this is due to deficiency, and this formula is indicated.
Shaoyao (Peony Root) 3 liang, Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 2 liang, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) 1 piece (processed, skin removed, broken into eight pieces). These three ingredients are boiled in five sheng of water until one sheng and five he remain. Strain the dregs and administer warm in divided doses.
[Collected Annotations] Ke Qin stated: After sweating, the disease resolves but aversion to cold worsens compared to before sweating, indicating Yang deficiency. Taiyang (Bladder) and Shaoyin (Kidney) are interior-exterior pairs. Diseases of Taiyang originate from Shaoyin deficiency, which fails to store essence to guard Yang. Now, aversion to cold appears after the resolution of the disease via sweating, indicating that the Cold pathogen has been resolved through sweat, but Taiyang Yang is deficient and cannot defend the exterior against Yin, signaling the onset of Yang collapse. If one were to continue attacking the exterior with Guizhi Tang, it would not support Yang but rather deplete it. Therefore, Shaoyao is used to gather the essence and Qi of Shaoyin, Gancao to slow the upward movement of Yin pathogens, and Fuzi to tonify the Lesser Fire of Kan Palace (Kidney). As long as the Primordial Yang in the Kidney assumes its proper position, the aversion to cold caused by deficient Yang on the exterior will resolve spontaneously.