小儿发疹腹中疼，毒郁肠胃食滞凝，曲腰啼叫眉频蹙，加味平胃散堪行。
[注]
麻疹腹痛者，由食滞凝结，毒气不得宣发于外，
故不时曲腰啼叫，两眉频蹙，须以加味平胃散治之，
滞消毒解，而痛自除矣。
(加味平胃散) 防风 升麻 枳壳麸炒 葛根 苍术炒 陈皮 厚朴姜炒
南山查 麦芽炒 生甘草 引用生姜灯心，水煎服。
(方歌)
加味平胃散如神，防风升麻枳葛根，苍陈厚朴查芽草，生姜灯心水煎匀。
%
疹家衄血莫仓惶，毒从衄解妙非常，衄甚吹鼻发灰散，内服犀角地黄汤。
[注]
肺开窍于鼻，毒热上冲，肺气载血妄行，则衄作矣，
然衄中有发散之义，以毒从衄解，不须止之，
但不可太过，过则血脱而阴亡也，
如衄甚者，宜外用发灰散吹入鼻中，内服犀角地黄汤，其血可止。
(发灰散)(犀角地黄汤)方俱见痘门衄血便血。
%
儿在母腹血热蒸，生后不免遇风侵，遍体发出如粟米，此名瘙疹何须评。
[注]
瘙疹者，儿在胎中受母血热之气所蒸已久，及生后外遇凉风，
以致遍身红点，如粟米之状，满月内见者，名为烂衣疮，
百日内见者又名百日疮，末出痘疮之先见者，即名为瘙疹，
调摄谨慎，不治自愈。
%
痘后出疹盖痘传，余毒未尽夹食寒，遍身作痒如云片，加味消毒服即安。
[注]盖痘疹者，谓痘方愈而疹随发也，因痘后余毒未尽，
更兼恣意饮食，外感风寒，以致偏身出疹，色赤作痒，始如粟米，
渐成云片，宜加味消毒饮疏风清热，疹即愈矣。
(加味消毒饮)
荆芥穗 防风 牛蒡子炒 升麻 生甘草 赤芍 南山查 连翘去心
引用生姜，水煎服。
(方歌)
盖痘疹因风热成，加味消毒饮最灵，荆防牛蒡升麻草，赤芍山查翘去心。
%
When infants develop rashes accompanied by abdominal pain, it is due to pathogenic toxins stagnating in the intestines and stomach with food retention and condensation. The manifestations include bending the waist while crying and frequent furrowing of the eyebrows; Jiawei Pingwei San (Modified Pingwei Decoction) is appropriate for treatment.
[Note]
Abdominal pain in measles is caused by food retention and condensation, preventing the pathogenic toxins from being vented outward.
Consequently, the child bends the waist and cries intermittently, with frequent furrowing of the eyebrows. It must be treated with Jiawei Pingwei San (Modified Pingwei Decoction).
Once the retention is resolved and the toxins are dispersed, the pain will naturally cease.
(Jiawei Pingwei San [Modified Pingwei Decoction]) Ingredients: Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, stir-fried with bran), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-fried), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, stir-fried with ginger juice), Nanshan Zha (Crataegi Fructus), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried), Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Use Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Dengxincao (Junci Medulla) as guides. Decoct in water and take orally.
(Verse for the Formula)
Jiawei Pingwei San (Modified Pingwei Decoction) works miraculously;
It contains Fangfeng, Shengma, Zhike, and Gegen;
Cangzhu, Chenpi, Houpo, Shan Zha, Maiya, and Gancao;
Decoct evenly with water, using Shengjiang and Dengxincao.
When a patient with rashes experiences epistaxis, do not panic; it is highly beneficial that the toxins are released through the nose. If the bleeding is severe, use Fahuisan (Hair Ash Powder) insufflated into the nose externally, and take Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) internally.
[Note]
The lungs open into the nose. When toxic heat rushes upward, forcing the lung qi to push blood recklessly, epistaxis occurs.
However, epistaxis contains the meaning of dispersal, as the toxins are resolved through the bleeding; therefore, there is no need to forcibly stop it.
Nevertheless, the bleeding must not be excessive; if it is too much, it leads to blood depletion and yin exhaustion.
If the epistaxis is severe, it is appropriate to use Fahuisan (Hair Ash Powder) insufflated into the nose externally and take Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) internally to stop the bleeding.
(The formulas for Fahuisan [Hair Ash Powder] and Xijiao Dihuang Tang [Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction] can be found in the section on Epistaxis and Hematochezia in the Smallpox Chapter.)
While in the womb, the infant is steamed by maternal blood heat; after birth, they are inevitably invaded by wind. The whole body erupts with rash-like grains resembling millet; this is called Saozhen (Pruritic Rash), requiring no further discussion.
[Note]
Saozhen (Pruritic Rash) refers to the condition where the fetus has been long steamed by the heat of the mother's blood during gestation, and after birth, is exposed to cool wind externally.
This results in red spots all over the body, resembling millet grains. Those appearing within one month are named Lanyi Chuang (Rotting Clothes Sore);
those appearing within one hundred days are also named Bairi Chuang (Hundred-Day Sore); those appearing before the eruption of smallpox are named Saozhen (Pruritic Rash).
With careful nursing and management, it heals spontaneously without treatment.
Rash appearing after smallpox is likely due to the transmission of smallpox pathogens; residual toxins remain unexhausted, complicated by food stagnation and cold. The whole body itches like cloud patches; taking Jiawei Xiaodu Yin (Modified Detoxifying Decoction) brings immediate relief.
[Note] "Gaizouzhen" (Rash following Smallpox) refers to the condition where rash erupts immediately after smallpox has healed. This is because residual toxins from smallpox have not fully cleared,
combined with indulgent diet and external contraction of wind-cold, leading to rash all over the body, which is red and itchy, starting like millet grains,
and gradually forming cloud-like patches. It is suitable to use Jiawei Xiaodu Yin (Modified Detoxifying Decoction) to dispel wind and clear heat, after which the rash will heal.
(Jiawei Xiaodu Yin [Modified Detoxifying Decoction])
Ingredients: Jingjie Sui (Schizonepetae Spica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus, stir-fried), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Nanshan Zha (Crataegi Fructus), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus, heart removed).
Use Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) as a guide. Decoct in water and take orally.
(Verse for the Formula)
Gaizouzhen (Rash following Smallpox) is formed by wind-heat;
Jiawei Xiaodu Yin (Modified Detoxifying Decoction) is most effective.
Jingjie, Fangfeng, Niubangzi, Shengma, and Gancao;
Chishao, Shan Zha, and Lianqiao with the heart removed.