《病源论》云∶大便不通者，犹（由）三焦五脏不和，冷热之气不调，热气偏入肠胃，
津液竭燥，故令糟粕（并格反，糟酒滓也）痞结壅塞不通也。
《葛氏方》治大便不通方∶
研麻子，以米杂为粥食之，亦可直煮麻为饮服之。
又方∶剥乌梅皮，以渍酱豆中，导下部。
《范汪方》治大便不通方∶
用豆酱纳下部中则通。
又方∶酱中瓜，切，令如指长三寸，纳大孔中。
《秦承祖方》不得大便数日方∶
作热汤着盆中，人居其中，汤未冷则瘥。
又方∶灸下部后五分三十壮瘥，大良。
《千金方》治大便不通方∶
桑根（一把，去赤皮） 榆根（一把，去赤皮）
水三升，煮服一升半，分二服。
又方∶恒煮麻子取汁饮之。
《龙门方》疗大便不通方∶
取胶，广二寸，长四寸，葱白一握，以水三升和煮，消尽去滓，一服验。
又方∶熬葵子半升，捣末，以水一升煮服之。
《医门方》∶疗下部闭塞大行（谓大便也）不出方∶
取乌梅四十枚拍碎，汤中浸少时，去核，捣之如浑丸大一枚纳下部中，立通。
《短剧方》大便闭塞气结心满方∶
灸石关百壮。（今按∶《明堂》∶在幽门下二寸，幽门在巨阙旁半寸。）
又方∶灸足大都随年壮。
《经心方》夕药汤治胀满大行不通方∶
夕药（六分） 芒硝〔（一名石脾）六分〕 黄芩（五分） 大黄（八分） 杏仁（八
分）
凡五味，丸如梧子，饮服十五丸，日三。
《华佗方》云∶有病日食二斗米，至二百日不大便，亦无所病苦，何以尔名？为何等病
也？此
葛根（五斤） 猪肪（三斤）
凡二物，葛根细锉洗之，以水三斗并煎之得一斗半，去滓，复煎其汁得七升已，取猪肪，
切
禁。服此药，开六腑，当下。
The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: Obstruction of defecation arises from the disharmony of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) and the five Zang organs, leading to an imbalance of cold and heat qi. When excessive heat qi invades the intestines and stomach, body fluids are depleted and dried up, causing waste matter to become knotted, obstructed, and unable to pass smoothly.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Formulas by Ge Hong) for treating obstruction of defecation:
Grind hemp seeds (*Cannabis Fructus*), mix them with rice to make porridge and eat it; or boil hemp seeds directly to extract the juice and drink it.
Another formula: Peel the skin of dark plums (*Mume Fructus*), soak it in fermented soybean paste, and insert it into the anus as a suppository.
The *Fan Wang Fang* (Formulas by Fan Wang) for treating obstruction of defecation:
Insert bean paste into the anus to promote passage.
Another formula: Cut pickled melons from the paste into strips about three cun long and the thickness of a finger, and insert them into the anus.
The *Qin Chengzu Fang* (Formulas by Qin Chengzu) for treating constipation lasting several days:
Pour hot water into a basin, sit over it (for fumigation), and the condition will resolve before the water cools down.
Another formula: Moxibustion at the point half a cun posterior to the anus, thirty moxa cones, which is highly effective.
The *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) for treating obstruction of defecation:
Mulberry Root Bark (*Mori Cortex*) (one handful, remove the red outer bark) Elm Root Bark (*Ulmus Radicis Cortex*) (one handful, remove the red outer bark).
Boil in three sheng of water until one and a half sheng remains, divide into two doses.
Another formula: Frequently boil hemp seeds (*Cannabis Fructus*), extract the juice, and drink it.
The *Longmen Fang* (Formulas of Longmen Temple) for treating obstruction of defecation:
Take E-jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), two cun wide and four cun long, and one fistful of green onion whites. Boil together in three sheng of water until fully dissolved, strain off the dregs, and take once for efficacy.
Another formula: Stir-fry sesame-like seeds of *Abelmoschus manihot* (Kui Zi) half a sheng, grind into powder, boil in one sheng of water, and take.
The *Yimen Fang* (Formulas of the Medical Gate): For treating severe blockage in the lower part where feces cannot be expelled:
Take forty dark plums (*Mume Fructus*), crush them, soak briefly in boiling water, remove the pits, and pound into a paste to form one pill the size of a wu-tzu seed. Insert into the anus for immediate relief.
The *Duanju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) for treating fecal impaction with qi stagnation and abdominal fullness:
Moxibustion on Shiguan (ST18), one hundred cones. (Note: The *Mingtang Jing* states: Shiguan is located two cun below Youmen (CV15); Youmen is located half a cun lateral to Juque (CV14).)
Another formula: Moxibustion on Dadu (SP2) on the foot, with the number of cones based on the patient's age.
The *Jingxin Fang* (Formulas of Jingxin) Xi Yao Tang for treating distension and complete obstruction of defecation:
Xi Yao (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma / Da Huang variant? Note: Context suggests laxative root, likely Rhei or similar, but literal translation used) (6 fen) Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) [also known as Shipi] (6 fen) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (5 fen) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (8 fen) Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) (8 fen).
These five ingredients are made into pills the size of wu-tzu seeds. Take fifteen pills with warm water, three times daily.
The *Hua Tuo Fang* (Formulas of Hua Tuo) states: There is a case of a patient who eats two dou of rice per day and has not had a bowel movement for two hundred days, yet suffers no other pain or discomfort. What is the cause? What disease is this? This formula uses:
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (five jin) Zhu Fang (Porcine Adipose Tissue) (three jin).
These two ingredients: Finely chop and wash the Gegen, boil in three dou of water until reduced to one and a half dou, strain, then further reduce the liquid to seven sheng. Add the chopped Zhu Fang and simmer into an ointment.
Observe dietary restrictions. Taking this medicine opens the six Fu organs and should induce defecation.