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Treatment for pain caused by Wind pathogen, with modifications: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 麻黄) [de-jointed], Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 人参), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 芍药), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, 防己), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 川芎), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 杏仁), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, 肉桂), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 附子), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风), and three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 生姜). Decoct in water and take orally.

Treatment for pain caused by Dampness pathogen: Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 当归), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 知母), Fuling (Poria, 茯苓), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 泽泻), Zhuling (Polyporus, 猪苓), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 白术), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, 苦参), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 人参), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 葛根), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 升麻), Yichen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, 茵陈), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 羌活), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 苍术).

Treatment for pain caused by Phlegm turbidity, with modifications: Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 陈皮), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏), Fuling (Poria, 茯苓), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草).

Treatment for back pain, neck stiffness, sensation of waist breaking, and sensation of neck being pulled: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 羌活), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, 独活), Bencao (Ligustici Rhizoma, 藁本), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风), Manjingzi (Vittariae Spora, 蔓荆子), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 川芎), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草); if Dampness is heavy, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 苍术). See this formula under the "Wind Stroke" section.

Treatment for pain caused by Blood deficiency, with modifications: See this formula under the "Dampness" section.

Treatment for pain caused by Dampness (same as above): Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 苍术) [2 liang], Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 羌活), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 升麻), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 泽泻), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 柴胡), Bencao (Ligustici Rhizoma, 藁本), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 白术), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 黄柏), Honghua (Carthami Flos, 红花). First, decoct Cangzhu in water until cooked, remove the dregs, then add the remaining herbs, boil for one or two more boils, and take orally.

Treatment for back and shoulder pain with inability to look back: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 羌活), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, 独活), Bencao (Ligustici Rhizoma, 藁本), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 川芎), Manjingzi (Vittariae Spora, 蔓荆子). Decoct in two zhong of water until reduced to eight fen, take at any time without restriction.

Treatment for migratory pain, numbness with motor impairment, or hemibody pain: Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, 草乌), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 苍术), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 白芷), Ruxiang (Olibanum, 乳香), Moyao (Myrrha, 没药) [each 3 qian, separately ground into fine powder], Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 当归), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, 牛膝). Grind all ingredients into powder, make pills using wine paste, size of a bullet. Take one pill each time, dissolve and take with warm wine.

Treatment for migratory and Li Jie (interjoint) wind patterns and other wind pathogens: Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, 草乌) [peeled, 2 liang], Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, 熟地黄) [or raw], Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma, 天南星), Banxiaqu (Pinelliae Fermentatum, 半夏曲), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, 僵蚕), Wuyao (Linderæ Fructus, 乌药). Grind all ingredients into powder, make pills using wine paste, size of a tung tree seed. Take fifty pills on an empty stomach, delivered with warm wine.

Treatment for gout causing joint pain, swelling, and fever: Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, 秦艽), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 羌活), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 陈皮), Weilingxian (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma? Note: Usually Cistanches Herba or specific herb, here likely Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma or similar, standard WHO term for Weilingxian is often associated with Clematis or Salvia depending on context, but strictly *Weilingxian* is *Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis* or *Herba Thalictri*. In modern TCM, it's often *Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis* or *Herba Siegesbeckiae*. Let's use standard Pinyin/English: Weilingxian (Clematis Root and Rhizome / Siegesbeckia Herb)*, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩) [stir-fried with wine], Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 当归), Fuling (Poria, 茯苓), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, 防己), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, 牛膝), Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus, 木瓜), Bo Gui (Thin Cinnamon Twig). Decoct in two zhong of water with three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 生姜) until reduced to eight fen, take at any time without restriction.

Wind, Cold, Dampness, Phlegm, and Dead Blood (Blood Stasis) constitute five types of Bi syndrome: Pi Bi (Skin Bi), Mai Bi (Vessel Bi), Gu Bi (Bone Bi), Jin Bi (Tendon Bi), and Ji Bi (Muscle Bi).
The disease of Bi syndrome generally arises from individuals with weak constitution whose Cou Li (skin texture and pores) are loose and sparse. The three pathogens—Wind, Cold, and Dampness—invade the skin, tendons, vessels, bones, and flesh. Unable to be expelled, they stagnate internally, resulting in pain. When Cold is predominant, there is pulling pain (Che Tong); when Wind is predominant, there is migratory pain (Zou Zhu Tong); when Dampness is predominant, there is a sensation of heaviness and fixation (Zhong Zhuo).