黄帝问于岐伯曰∶余尝上于清冷之台，中阶而顾，匐匐而前，则惑。余私异之，窃内怪之，独瞑独视，
安心定气，久而不解，独转独眩，披发长跪，俯而视之，后久之不己也，卒然自止，何气使然？岐伯对曰∶
五脏六腑之精气，皆上注于目，而为之精，精之窠为眼，骨之精为瞳子，筋之精为黑眼，血之精为络，其窠
气之精为白眼，肌肉之精为约束，裹撷筋骨血气之精而与脉并为系，上属于脑，后出于项中。故邪中于项，
因逢其身之虚，其入深，则随眼系以入于脑，入于脑则脑转，脑转则引目系急，目系急则目眩以转矣。邪
其精，其精所中不相比也，则精散，精散则视岐，视岐见两物。目者，五脏六腑之精也，营卫魂魄之所常营
也，神气之所生也，故神劳则魂魄散，志
意乱。是故瞳子、黑眼法于阴，白眼、赤脉法于阳也，故阴阳合传而精明也，目者，心使也；心者，神之舍
也。故神精乱而不转，卒然见非常处，精神魂魄，散不相得，故曰惑也。黄帝曰∶余疑其然，余每之东苑，
未曾不惑，去之则复，余唯独为东苑劳神乎，何其异也？岐伯曰∶不然也，心有所喜，神有所恶，卒然相
惑，则精气乱，视误，故惑，神移乃复。是故间者为迷，甚者为惑。
（附任督二脉起止）
手太阴肺脏象（是经多气少血） 肺之为脏，六叶两耳，四垂如盖，附着于脊之第三椎，中有二十四
空，行列分布诸脏之气，为五脏华盖云。
其经起于中焦，下络大肠，还循胃口，上膈属肺。从肺系横出腋下，下循 内（肩下臂上，通名曰 ），
行少阴心主之前（ 内廉凡有三脉，太阴居前，少阴居后，厥阴居中也），下肘中（臂上 下接处曰肘），循
臂内上骨下廉（ 下掌上名曰臂，臂有二骨，今太明脉循臂上骨之下廉也），入寸口（掌后陷中动脉，太渊
穴也；寸口中动脉，经渠穴也），上鱼，循鱼际（鱼际，
穴也，散脉中是），出大指之端（少商穴也）。其支者，从腕后直出次指内廉，出其端。
是动则病肺胀满，膨膨而喘咳，缺盆中痛，甚则交两手而瞀，此为臂厥。是主肺所生病者，咳嗽上气，
喘喝烦心，胸满， 臂内前廉痛，掌中热。气盛有余，则肩背痛，风寒，汗出中风，小便数而欠；虚则肩
背痛寒，少气不足以息，溺色黄变，卒遗失无度。
手阳明大肠经脏象（是经多血多气） 大肠长二丈一尺，广四寸，径一寸，当脐右回十六曲，盛谷一
斗，水七升半。
其经之脉，起于大指次指之端（商阳穴也），循指上廉（指上廉本节前陷中二间穴，本节后陷中三间
穴也），出合谷两骨间（合谷穴也），上入两筋之中（阳溪穴也），循臂上廉，入肘外廉（曲池穴也），上
外前廉，上肩，出 骨之前廉，上出于柱骨之会上，下入缺盆，络肺，下膈，属大肠。其支者，从缺盆上
颈，贯颊，入下齿中，还出挟口，交人中，左之右，右之左，上挟鼻孔。
是动则病齿痛 肿。是主津液所生病者，目黄，口干，鼽衄，喉痹，肩前 痛，大指次指痛不用。气
有余则当脉所过者热肿；虚则寒凛不复。
足阳明胃经脏象（是经多血多气） 胃大一尺五寸，纡曲屈伸，长二尺六寸，径五寸，盛谷二斗，水
一斗五升。
其经之脉，起于鼻之交 中，旁约太阳之脉，下循鼻外，入上齿中，还出挟口环唇，下交承浆，却循颐
后下廉，出大迎，循颊车，上耳前，过客主人，循发际，至额颅。其支者，从大迎前下人迎，循喉咙，入缺
盆，下膈，属胃络脾。其直者，从缺盆下乳内廉，下挟脐，入气街中。其支者，起于胃口，下循腹里，下至
气街中，而合以下髀关，抵伏兔，下膝膑中（腿下胫上接处曰膝），下循胫外廉（谓胫骨之外廉也；其外廉
下膝三寸，三里穴也；又下三寸，巨虚上廉也。又下三寸，巨虚下廉也。直下至腕中，解溪穴也），下足跗
（冲阳穴也，足面曰跗，跗上陷中动脉是也；凡是跗直下大指之间，皆有动脉，其大指之间，足少阳脉也；
上入指本节后间动脉，足厥阴脉也；上跗上动脉，足阳明脉也。《针经·终始篇》云∶阳明在上，厥阴在中，
少阳在下者是也。凡言间，皆谓两指中间也），入中指内间（中指内间，本节后陷中陷谷穴也；本节前陷中，
内庭穴也；大指次指之端，厉兑穴也）。其支者，下廉三寸，而别下入中指外间。其支者，别跗上，入大指
间，出其端。
是动则病洒洒然振寒，善伸数欠，颜黑。病至则恶人与火，闻木音则惕然而惊，心欲动，独闭户塞牖
而处；甚则欲上高而歌，弃衣而走，贲响腹胀，是为 厥。是主血所生病者，狂疟温淫，汗出鼽衄，口 唇
胗，颈肿喉痹，大腹水肿，膝膑肿痛，循膺乳、气街、股、伏兔、 外廉、足跗上皆痛，中指不用。气盛
则身以前皆热。其有余于胃，则消谷善饥，溺色黄；不足则身以前皆寒栗，胃中寒则胀满。
足太阴脾经脏象（是经多气少血） 脾广三寸，长五寸，掩乎太仓，附着于脊之第十一椎。
其经之脉，起于大指之端（隐白穴也，在大指端内侧），循指内侧白肉际（大指内侧，本节后大都穴也），
过核骨后（核骨下太白穴也；核骨，在足大指本节后约二寸，内踝骨前约三寸，如枣核横于足内侧赤白肉际
者是也；窦太师指为孤拐骨者，非是也），上内踝前廉（内踝下前陷中，商丘穴也），上 内，循胫骨后，交
出厥阴之前，上膝股内前廉（膝辅骨下陷中，阴陵泉穴也），入腹，属脾络胃。上膈，挟咽，连舌本，散舌
下。其支者，复从胃别上膈，注心中。
是动则病舌本强，食则呕，胃脘痛，腹胀，善噫，得后与气则快然如衰，身体皆重。是主脾所生病
者，舌本痛，体不能动摇，食不下，烦心，心下急痛，寒疟，溏瘕泄，水闭，黄胆，不能卧，强立，股
膝内 厥，足大指不用。
手少阴心经脏象（是经多气少血） 心形如未敷莲花，居肺下膈上，附着于脊之第五椎。
其经之脉，起于心中，出属心系，下膈，络小肠。其支者，从心系上挟咽，系目系。其直者，复从心系
却上肺，下出腋下（肺脉从肺系横出腋下，心脉从肺而出于腋下，包络脉从胁下抵腋下），下循 内后
廉，行太阴心主之后，下肘内（少海穴也），循臂内后廉（臂内后廉上脘一寸半，灵道穴也），抵掌后兑
骨之端（神门穴也），入掌内后廉（掌内后廉小指本节陷中，少府穴也），循小指之内出其端（少冲穴也
，在小指内廉之端）。
是动则病咽干心痛，渴而欲饮，是为臂厥。是主心所生病者，目黄，胁痛， 臂内后廉痛厥，掌中热。
手太阳小肠经脏象（是经多血多气） 小肠长三丈二尺，左回迭积十六曲，胃之下口，小肠上口也，
在脐上二寸，水谷于是入焉。复下一寸为水分穴，则小
肠下口也，至是而泌别清浊，水液入膀胱，滓秽入大肠。
其经之脉，起于小指之端（少泽穴也），循手外侧（小指本节前谷穴也，本节后陷中，后溪穴也），
上腕（臂下掌上节处曰腕，腕前起骨中陷中，腕骨穴也。当腕中陷处，阳谷穴也），出踝中，直上循臂
骨下廉，出肘内侧两筋之间（少海穴也），上循 外后廉，出肩解，绕肩胛，交肩上，入缺盆，络心。
循咽下膈，抵胃，属小肠。其支者，从缺盆循颈上颊，至目锐 ，却入耳中。其支者，别颊上 抵鼻，
至目内 ，斜络于颧。
是动则病嗌痛，颔肿，不可回顾，肩似拔， 似折。是主液所生病者，耳聋，目黄，颊肿，颈、颔、
肩、 、肘、臂外后廉痛。
足太阳膀胱脏象（是经多血少气） 膀胱纵广九寸，居肾之下，大肠之侧，小肠下口，乃膀胱上
口，水液由是渗入焉。盛溺九升九合。
其经之脉，起于目内 ，上额交巅。其支者，从巅至耳上角。其直者，从巅入络脑，还出别下项，循
肩，内挟脊，抵腰中，入循膂，络肾属膀胱。其支者，从腰中下挟脊，贯臀，入 中（腿下 上接处约
文中央动脉曰 中，委中穴也）。其支者，从 内左右
别下贯胛，挟脊内过髀枢（窦云∶髀，骨节也），循髀外，从后廉下合 中，以下贯 内
（足肚曰 ），出外踝之后（昆仑穴也），循京骨（京骨穴也），至小指外侧（小指外侧本
节后陷中，束骨穴也；本节前，通谷穴也；小指端，至阴穴也）。
是动则病冲头痛，目似脱，项似拔，脊痛，腰似折，髀不可以曲， 如结， 如裂，是为
踝厥。是主筋所生病者，痔，疟，狂颠疾，头囱顶痛，目黄泪出，鼽衄，项、背、腰、尻、
、 、脚皆痛，小指不用。盛者，人迎大再倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。
足少阴肾脏象（是经多气少血） 肾有两枚，重一斤一两。状如石卵，附着于脊之十四椎，
当胃下两旁。
其经之脉，起于小指之下，斜走足心（涌泉穴也），出于然骨之下（然骨，穴也，在内踝前
起大骨下陷中），循内踝之后（内踝之后，跟骨之上陷中动脉，太溪穴也；上太溪二寸，复溜穴也）
，别入跟中，以上 内，出 内廉（阴谷穴也），上股内后廉，贯脊，属肾络膀胱。其直者，
从肾上贯肝膈，入肺中，循喉咙，挟舌本。其支者，从肺出络心，注胸中。
是动则病饥不欲食，面黑如地色，咳唾则有血，
喝喝而喘，坐而欲起，目KT KT 如无所见，心如悬，病饥状；气不足则善恐，心惕惕如人将捕之，
是谓骨厥。是主肾所生病者，口热，舌干，咽肿，上气，嗌干及痛，烦心，心痛，黄胆，肠癖，
脊臀股内后廉痛，痿厥，嗜卧，足下热而痛。盛者，寸口大再倍于人迎；虚者，寸口反小于
人迎也。
手厥阴心包络之经（是经多血少气） 滑伯仁曰∶心包，一名手心主。以脏象校之，在心
下横膜之上，竖膜之下，与横膜相粘，而黄脂漫裹者，心也；其漫脂之外，有细筋膜如系，与
心肺相连者，心包也。君火以名，相火以位，手心主代君火行事。以用而言，则曰手心主；以经
而言，则曰心包络。一经二名，实相火也。
其经之脉，起于胸中，出属心包络，下膈，历络三焦。其支者，循胸出胁，下腋三寸，上抵
腋下，循 内，行太阴少阴之间，入肘中（曲泽穴也），下臂，行两筋之间（两节之上腕三寸，
间使穴也；当腕中，大陵穴也），入掌中（劳宫穴也，穴有动脉），循中指，出其端（中冲穴也）
。其支者，别掌中，循小指次指，出其端。
是动则病手心热，臂肘挛急，腋肿；甚则胸胁支满，心中澹澹大动，面赤目黄，喜笑不休。
是主脉所生病者，烦心，心痛，掌中热。
手少阳三焦之经（是经多气少血） 三焦者，水谷之道路，气之所终始也。上焦在心下下膈，
在胃上口，其治在膻中，直两乳间陷者中。中焦在胃中脘，当脐上四寸，不上不下，其治在脐旁。
下焦当膀胱上口，其治在脐下一寸。
其经之脉，起于小指次指之端（关冲穴也），上出两指之间（两指之间陷中，腋门穴也；上
两指本节后间陷中，中渚穴也），循手表腕（阳池穴也），出臂外两骨之间（两骨之间上腕二寸
，支沟穴也），上贯肘（天井穴也），循 外，上肩而交出足少阳之后，入缺盆，布
膻中，散络心包，下膈，循属三焦。其支者，从膻中上出缺盆，上项，系耳后，直上出耳上角，
以屈下颊至 （ ，颊骨也）。其支者，从耳后入耳中，出走耳前，过客主人前，交颊至目锐 。
是动则病耳聋，浑浑 ，嗌肿喉痹。是主气所生病者，汗出，目锐 痛，颊痛，耳后、肩、
、肘、臂外皆痛，小指次指不用。
足少阳胆脏象（是经多气少血） 胆长三寸，在肝之短叶间。包精汁三合，为清净之府。诸
府皆传秽浊，独胆无所传道，故曰清净。胆汁减则目昏又吐，伤胆倒则视物倒植。
其经之脉，起于目锐 ，上抵头角，下耳后，循颈，行手少阳之前，至肩上，却交出手少阳之后，入
缺盆。其支者，从耳后入耳中，出走耳前，至目锐 后。其支者，别锐 ，下大迎，合手少阳，
抵于 下，加颊车，下颈，合缺盆，以下胸中，贯膈，络肝属胆。循胁里，出气街，绕毛际，
横入髀厌中。其直者，从缺盆下腋，循胸，过季胁，下合髀厌中（窦氏云∶腹下腿上节处是也）
，以下循髀阳，出膝外廉，下外辅骨之前（外辅骨之前膝之下一寸，阳陵泉穴也，伸足取之）
，直下抵绝骨之端（阳辅穴也），下出外踝之前（丘墟穴也），循足跗上，入小指次指之间
（小指次指之间本节前陷中，侠溪穴也；本节后陷中，临池穴也；小指次指之端，窍阴穴也）
。其支者，别跗上，入大指之间，循大指岐骨内出其端，还贯爪甲，出三毛。
是动则病口苦，善太息，心胁痛，不能转侧，甚则面微尘，体无膏泽，足外反热，是为阳
厥。是主骨所生病者，头角颔痛，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀侠瘿，汗出振寒，疟，
胸、胁、肋、髀、膝外至胫绝骨、外踝前及诸节皆痛，小指次指不用。
Huangdi asked Qibo: "I once ascended a high terrace called 'Qingleng' (Cold Terrace). When I was halfway up the stairs and looked back, or when I crawled forward on my hands and knees, I felt dizzy. I privately found this strange and wondered about it internally. If I closed one eye or opened one eye alone, calmed my mind and regulated my breath, yet the dizziness persisted for a long time without resolving, causing me to feel as if I were spinning alone or seeing things rotating alone; if I let my hair down, knelt for a long time, and looked down, only to find that after a long while it did not stop, until suddenly it ceased on its own—what qi causes this?"
Qibo replied: "The essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs all ascend to the eyes, forming the visual essence. The gathering place of this essence is the eyeball. The essence of bone forms the pupil, the essence of sinew forms the iris (black part of the eye), the essence of blood forms the vascular network of the eye, the gathering place of the essence of qi forms the sclera (white part of the eye), and the essence of muscle forms the eyelids (constraints). These substances, which envelop and gather the essences of sinew, bone, blood, and qi, combine with the meridians to form the optic nerve system (Mu Xi), which connects upward to the brain and exits posteriorly at the nape of the neck. Therefore, when pathogenic factors invade the nape, coinciding with a deficiency in the body's righteous qi, and penetrate deeply, they follow the optic nerve system into the brain. Once in the brain, it causes vertigo (brain rotation); this rotation pulls the optic nerve system taut, and tension in the optic nerve system leads to dizziness and rotational sensations. Pathogenic factors disturb the essence, causing the essences to fail to coordinate with each other, leading to the dispersion of essence. When essence disperses, vision becomes double (Shi Qi), resulting in diplopia (seeing two objects). The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the five zang and six fu organs, the constant dwelling place of Ying and Wei Qi, Hun and Po, and the birthplace of Shen Qi. Thus, mental fatigue causes Hun and Po to scatter and Zhi Yi (will and intention) to become chaotic. Therefore, the pupil and iris emulate Yin, while the sclera and red vessels emulate Yang. When Yin and Yang interact harmoniously, clear vision is achieved. The eyes are the envoys of the Heart; the Heart is the residence of Shen. Thus, when Shen and Jing are disordered and cannot rotate normally, suddenly seeing unusual sights causes Shen, Jing, Hun, and Po to scatter and lose their connection, which is termed 'Huo' (Confusion/Dizziness)."
Huangdi said: "I doubt this explanation. Every time I go to Dongyuan (Eastern Garden), I invariably experience dizziness, which resolves upon leaving. Am I the only one whose spirit is fatigued by going to Dongyuan? Why is it so specific?"
Qibo said: "No. When the Heart has preferences and the Spirit has aversions, sudden mutual confusion leads to disorder of Jing Qi and erroneous vision, resulting in 'Huo'. When the Spirit shifts away, recovery occurs. Therefore, mild cases are called 'Mi' (Lost/Confused), and severe cases are called 'Huo' (Dizzy/Confused)."
(Attachment: Termination points of Ren and Du Meridians)
**Hand-Taiyin Lung Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): The Lung, as an organ, has six lobes and two auricles, hanging down like a canopy, attached to the third thoracic vertebra. It contains twenty-four cavities arranged in rows to distribute Qi to the various organs, hence called the 'Canopy of the Five Zang Organs'.
Its meridian originates in the Middle Jiao, descends to connect with the Large Intestine, returns along the stomach opening, ascends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the lung system (trachea and larynx), it emerges horizontally under the axilla, descends along the medial aspect of the arm (the area below the shoulder and above the elbow is generally called the arm), running anterior to the Hand-Shaoyin Pericardium meridian (There are three meridians on the medial aspect of the arm: Hand-Taiyin is anterior, Hand-Shaoyin is posterior, and Hand-Jueyin is in the middle). It descends to the elbow (the junction between the upper arm and forearm is called the elbow), follows the medial border of the radius (the forearm palm-side is called the arm; there are two bones in the arm; now the Hand-Taiyin meridian follows the lower border of the upper bone of the arm), enters the Cun Kou (the pulsating artery in the depression behind the wrist, i.e., Taiyuan acupoint; the pulsating artery in Cun Kou is Jingqu acupoint), ascends to the thenar eminence, follows the Yu Ji (Yu Ji acupoint, where scattered pulses are found), and exits at the tip of the thumb (Shaoshang acupoint). Its branch arises from behind the wrist, goes directly to the medial side of the index finger, and exits at its tip.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as lung distension, bloating with wheezing and coughing, pain in the supraclavicular fossa, and in severe cases, crossing both hands over the chest with fainting; this is called Bi Jue (Arm Jue). This meridian governs diseases generated by the Lung, including cough with rebellious Qi, wheezing and panting, irritability, chest fullness, pain along the anterior medial border of the arm, and heat in the palm. With excess Qi, there is shoulder and back pain, aversion to wind-cold, sweating, susceptibility to wind-stroke, frequent urination with small volume; with deficiency, there is shoulder and back pain with cold sensation, shortness of breath, yellowish urine, and sudden incontinence.
**Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Blood and Qi): The Large Intestine is 21 chi long, 4 cun wide, 1 cun in diameter, located to the right of the umbilicus with sixteen curves, holding one dou of grain and seven sheng and a half of water.
Its meridian originates at the tip of the index finger (Shangyang acupoint), follows the radial border of the finger (the depression before the proximal interphalangeal joint is Erjian acupoint; the depression after the joint is Sanjian acupoint), emerges between the metacarpal bones of the thumb and index finger (Hegu acupoint), ascends between the two tendons (Yangxi acupoint), follows the radial border of the arm, enters the lateral elbow (Quchi acupoint), ascends to the lateral anterior border of the arm, goes up the shoulder, emerges anterior to the clavicle, ascends to the meeting point of the vertebral column, descends into the supraclavicular fossa (Quepen), connects with the Lung, passes through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. Its branch arises from the supraclavicular fossa, ascends the neck, penetrates the cheek, enters the lower teeth, returns to flank the mouth, crosses at the philtrum (Renzhong), crossing from left to right and right to left, ascending to flank the nostrils.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as toothache and jaw swelling. This meridian governs diseases generated by Jin Ye (Body Fluids), including yellow eyes, dry mouth, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, throat obstruction, pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain/immobility of the index finger. With excess Qi, there is heat and swelling along the meridian pathway; with deficiency, there is chills and inability to recover warmth.
**Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Blood and Qi): The stomach is 1.5 chi wide, tortuous, 2.6 chi long, 5 cun in diameter, holding two dou of grain and one dou and five sheng of water.
Its meridian originates at the intersection of the nose, adjacent to the Taiyin meridian, descends along the lateral nose, enters the upper teeth, returns to flank the lips around the chin, intersects at Chengjiang, then follows the post-auricular mandibular border, emerges at Daying, follows Jiache, ascends anterior to the ear, passes through Guest Master (Keguzhuren), follows the hairline to the forehead. Its branch arises from anterior to Daying, descends to Yingang, follows the throat, enters the supraclavicular fossa, passes through the diaphragm, belongs to the Stomach and connects with the Spleen. Its main line descends from the supraclavicular fossa along the medial breast, descends flanking the umbilicus, and enters the Qi Street. Another branch arises from the stomach opening, descends along the abdominal interior to the Qi Street, where it joins the main line to descend to Biguan, reaches Futu, descends to the patella (the junction between thigh and shin is called Xi/Knee), descends along the lateral border of the tibia (referring to the lateral border of the tibial bone; three cun below the knee on this border is Zusanli acupoint; another three cun down is Shangjuxu; another three cun down is Xiajuxu; straight down to the ankle is Jiexi acupoint), descends to the dorsum of the foot (Chongyang acupoint; the foot surface is called Fu; the pulsating artery in the depression on the Fu is Chongyang; everywhere from the Fu down to the space between the big toe, there are arteries; the artery between the big toe belongs to the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian; the artery entering the space after the proximal phalanx of the big toe belongs to the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian; the artery on the dorsum of the foot belongs to the Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. The *Needle Classic · Zhongshi Chapter* states: Yangming is superior, Jueyin is central, Shaoyang is inferior. 'Jian' always refers to the space between two toes), enters the medial aspect of the middle toe (the depression after the proximal phalanx of the middle toe is Xangu acupoint; the depression before the joint is Neiting acupoint; the end of the big and index fingers is Lidui acupoint). Another branch descends three cun below the knee, diverging to enter the lateral aspect of the middle toe. Another branch diverges from the dorsum, enters the space between the big toe, and exits at its tip.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as chills and trembling, desire to stretch and frequent yawning, darkened face. Upon onset, there is aversion to people and fire, startle at the sound of wood, palpitations, preferring to stay alone with doors and windows closed; in severe cases, climbing heights to sing, discarding clothes and running, rumbling abdominal distension, termed Benxiang Zhangfu Jue. This meridian governs diseases generated by Blood, including manic malaria, warm pathogens, sweating, epistaxis, oral ulcers, neck swelling, throat obstruction, massive abdominal edema, painful/swollen knees, pain along the chest, breast, Qi Street, thigh, Futu, lateral calf, and dorsum of the foot, and immobility of the middle toe. With excess Qi, the anterior body is hot. Excess in the Stomach leads to rapid digestion and hunger, yellow urine; deficiency leads to coldness in the anterior body, and cold in the Stomach causes distension.
**Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): The spleen is 3 cun wide, 5 cun long, covering the Tai Cang (Stomach), attached to the eleventh thoracic vertebra.
Its meridian originates at the tip of the big toe (Yinbai acupoint, on the medial tip of the big toe), follows the medial white flesh border of the toe (on the medial side of the big toe, after the proximal joint is Dadu acupoint), passes behind the nuclear bone (below the nuclear bone is Taibai acupoint; the nuclear bone is approximately two cun behind the proximal joint of the big toe, three cun anterior to the medial malleolus, lying horizontally across the red-white flesh border on the medial foot; Master Dou incorrectly calls this the 'lone ankle bone'), ascends to the anterior-medial border of the medial malleolus (depression below and anterior to the medial malleolus is Shangqiu acupoint), ascends the medial calf, follows the posterior tibia, crosses anterior to the Foot-Jueyin meridian, ascends to the anterior-medial border of the knee and thigh (depression below the accessory bone of the knee is Yinlingquan acupoint), enters the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen and connects with the Stomach. Ascends through the diaphragm, flanks the pharynx, connects to the root of the tongue, and scatters under the tongue. Its branch diverges from the Stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and pours into the Heart.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as a stiff tongue root, vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, abdominal distension, frequent belching, relief after defecation or passing gas, and heavy body. This meridian governs diseases generated by the Spleen, including pain at the tongue root, immobility of the body, difficulty eating, irritability, urgent pain in the epigastrium, cold malaria, loose stools with masses, urinary retention, jaundice, inability to lie flat, weakness upon standing, coldness in the medial thigh and knee, and immobility of the big toe.
**Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): The heart is shaped like an unopened lotus flower, located below the lungs and above the diaphragm, attached to the fifth thoracic vertebra.
Its meridian originates in the Heart, emerges to belong to the Heart System, descends through the diaphragm, and connects with the Small Intestine. Its branch arises from the Heart System, ascends to flank the pharynx, and connects to the Eye System. Its main line returns from the Heart System to the Lung, descends out of the axilla (Lung meridian emerges horizontally from the lung system under the axilla; Heart meridian emerges from the Lung out of the axilla; Pericardium meridian reaches the axilla from the hypochondrium), descends along the posterior-medial border of the arm, runs posterior to the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Jueyin meridians, descends to the inner elbow (Shaohai acupoint), follows the posterior-medial border of the arm (one and a half cun above the Wrist Guan point on the posterior-medial arm is Lingdao acupoint), reaches the end of the pisiform bone (Shenmen acupoint), enters the posterior-medial palm (depression after the proximal joint of the little finger in the posterior-medial palm is Shaofu acupoint), follows the medial aspect of the little finger to exit at its tip (Shaochong acupoint, at the medial tip of the little finger).
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as dry throat, heart pain, thirst with desire to drink, termed Bi Jue (Arm Jue). This meridian governs diseases generated by the Heart, including yellow eyes, costal pain, pain/coldness in the posterior-medial arm, and heat in the palm.
**Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Blood and Qi): The Small Intestine is 32 chi long, with sixteen left-turning curves. The lower opening of the stomach is the upper opening of the Small Intestine, located two cun above the umbilicus, where water and grain enter. One cun below this is the Shuifen acupoint, which is the lower opening of the Small Intestine; here, clear and turbid fluids are separated, with water entering the Bladder and waste entering the Large Intestine.
Its meridian originates at the tip of the little finger (Shaoze acupoint), follows the lateral hand (before the proximal joint of the little finger is Guagu acupoint; after the joint in the depression is Houxi acupoint), ascends to the wrist (the junction below the arm and above the palm is called the wrist; the depression in the bone before the wrist is Wangu acupoint. In the depression at the wrist is Yanggu acupoint), emerges from the styloid process, goes straight up along the lower border of the ulna, emerges between the two tendons at the medial elbow (Shaohai acupoint), ascends along the posterior-lateral border of the arm, emerges from the shoulder joint, winds around the scapula, crosses the shoulder, enters the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Heart. Follows the pharynx, descends through the diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. Its branch arises from the supraclavicular fossa, follows the neck to the cheek, reaches the lateral canthus, and enters the ear. Another branch diverges from the cheek, ascends to the nose, reaches the medial canthus, and obliquely connects to the zygoma.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as sore throat, submandibular swelling, inability to look back, shoulder feeling like being pulled, elbow feeling like being broken. This meridian governs diseases generated by Body Fluids (Ye), including deafness, yellow eyes, swollen cheeks, and pain in the neck, jaw, shoulder, nu (upper arm), elbow, and posterior-lateral arm.
**Foot-Taiyang Bladder Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi): The bladder is nine chi long and wide, located below the kidneys and beside the Large Intestine. The lower opening of the Small Intestine is the upper opening of the Bladder, where water seeps in. It holds nine sheng and nine he of urine.
Its meridian originates at the medial canthus, ascends to the forehead and meets at the vertex. Its branch goes from the vertex to the upper angle of the ear. Its main line enters from the vertex to connect with the Brain, returns to emerge separately and descend to the nape, follows the shoulder, runs inside the spine flanking the vertebral column, reaches the waist, enters along the paraspinal muscles, connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder. Its branch descends from the waist, flanks the spine, penetrates the buttocks, and enters the popliteal fossa (the central arterial pulse at the junction below the thigh and above the calf is called Zhong, i.e., Weizhong acupoint). Another branch diverges from the medial popliteal fossa, passes laterally through the scapula, flanks the spine, passes the hip pivot (Dou says: Bi refers to the bone joint), follows the lateral thigh, merges with the popliteal fossa from the posterior border, descends through the calf muscle (calf is called Shuan), emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus (Kunlun acupoint), follows Jinggu (Jinggu acupoint), to the lateral side of the little toe (depression after the proximal joint on the lateral little toe is Shugu acupoint; before the joint is Tonggu acupoint; the tip of the little toe is Zhiyin acupoint).
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as headache striking upwards, eyes feeling like they will fall out, neck feeling like being pulled, spinal pain, waist feeling like breaking, inability to bend the thigh, knotting in the popliteal fossa, tearing sensation in the calf, termed Huai Jue (Ankle Jue). This meridian governs diseases generated by Sinews, including hemorrhoids, malaria, mania/epilepsy, pain in the head, fontanelle, and vertex, yellow eyes with tearing, epistaxis, pain in the neck, back, waist, sacrum, popliteal fossa, calf, and foot, and immobility of the little toe. With excess, the Renying pulse is twice as large as the Cun Kou pulse; with deficiency, the Renying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse.
**Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): There are two kidneys, weighing one jin and one liang. They are shaped like stone eggs, attached to the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, located on both sides below the stomach.
Its meridian originates below the little toe,斜走 (slants) to the sole of the foot (Yongquan acupoint), emerges below the navicular tuberosity (Rangu acupoint, in the depression below the large bone anterior to the medial malleolus), follows the posterior medial malleolus (arterial pulse in the depression above the calcaneus posterior to the medial malleolus is Taixi acupoint; two cun above Taixi is Fuliou acupoint), diverges into the heel, ascends along the medial calf, emerges from the medial calf border (Yingu acupoint), ascends to the posterior-medial thigh, pierces the spine, belongs to the Kidney and connects with the Bladder. Its main line ascends from the Kidney, pierces the Liver and Diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the throat, and flanks the root of the tongue. Its branch emerges from the Lung, connects with the Heart, and pours into the Chest.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as hunger without desire to eat, blackened face like earth color, hemoptysis, wheezing with sound, desire to rise from sitting, blurred vision as if unable to see, heart hanging like suspended, resembling hunger; with Qi deficiency, there is excessive fear, palpitations as if someone is chasing, termed Gu Jue (Bone Jue). This meridian governs diseases generated by the Kidney, including oral heat, dry tongue, swollen throat, rebellious Qi, dry/painful throat, irritability, heart pain, jaundice, dysentery, pain in the posterior-medial spine, buttock, and thigh, flaccidity/coldness of limbs, lethargy, and heat/pain in the soles. With excess, the Cun Kou pulse is twice as large as the Renying pulse; with deficiency, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Renying pulse.
**Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian** (This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi): Hua Borren said: The Pericardium is also called Xin Shou Zhu (Master of the Palm). According to organ manifestation, the Heart is located above the transverse membrane below the heart, below the vertical membrane, adhering to the transverse membrane, wrapped in yellow fat; outside this fat, fine fasciae like threads connect to the Heart and Lungs—this is the Pericardium. Jun Fire is defined by name, Xiang Fire by position; Xin Shou Zhu acts on behalf of Jun Fire. Functionally, it is called Xin Shou Zhu; meridian-wise, it is called Xin Bao Luo. One meridian, two names, essentially Xiang Fire.
Its meridian originates in the Chest, emerges to belong to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, sequentially connects with the Three Burners. Its branch follows the chest out to the hypochondrium, descends three cun under the axilla, ascends to the axilla, follows the medial arm, runs between Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Shaoyin, enters the elbow (Quze acupoint), descends the arm, runs between the two tendons (three cun above the wrist on the upper segment is Jianshi acupoint; at the wrist is Dalin acupoint), enters the palm (Laogong acupoint, with an arterial pulse), follows the middle finger, exits at its tip (Zhongchong acupoint). Its branch diverges from the palm, follows the ring finger, exits at its tip.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as heat in the palm, spasms/stiffness of the arm and elbow, axillary swelling; in severe cases, chest/hypochondriac fullness, palpitations, red face, yellow eyes, incessant laughter. This meridian governs diseases generated by Mai (Vessels), including irritability, heart pain, and heat in the palm.
**Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): The Sanjiao is the pathway of water and grain, and the beginning and end of Qi. The Upper Jiao is below the Heart and above the diaphragm, at the stomach opening; its treatment point is Danzhong, in the depression between the nipples. The Middle Jiao is in the middle of the Stomach, four cun above the umbilicus, neither high nor low; its treatment point is beside the umbilicus. The Lower Jiao is at the upper opening of the Bladder; its treatment point is one cun below the umbilicus.
Its meridian originates at the tip of the ring finger (Guanchong acupoint), ascends between the two fingers (depression between fingers is Yemen acupoint; depression after the proximal joints of the two fingers is Zhongzhu acupoint), follows the dorsal wrist (Yangchi acupoint), emerges between the two bones of the arm (two cun above the wrist between the bones is Zhigou acupoint), ascends through the elbow (Tianjing acupoint), follows the lateral arm, goes up the shoulder and crosses posterior to the Foot-Shaoyang, enters the supraclavicular fossa, distributes in Danzhong, scatters to connect with the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Sanjiao. Its branch arises from Danzhong, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, ascends the neck, connects behind the ear, goes straight up to the upper angle of the ear, bends down to the cheek/jawbone (Zi, cheekbone). Another branch enters the ear from behind, exits anterior to the ear, passes anterior to Keguzhuren, crosses the cheek to the lateral canthus.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as deafness, muffled hearing, swollen throat/throat obstruction. This meridian governs diseases generated by Qi, including sweating, pain in the lateral canthus, cheek pain, and pain in the ear, shoulder, nu, elbow, and lateral arm, with immobility of the ring finger.
**Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Organ Manifestation** (This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood): The gallbladder is three chi long, located between the short lobes of the Liver. It holds three he of bile and is the Pure/Clear Fu. All other FUs transmit turbidity, but the Gallbladder does not, hence called Pure. If bile decreases, vision blurs and vomiting occurs; if Gallbladder Qi is injured/reversed, vision is inverted.
Its meridian originates at the lateral canthus, ascends to the head corner, descends behind the ear, follows the neck, runs anterior to Hand-Shaoyang, reaches the shoulder, crosses posterior to Hand-Shaoyang, enters the supraclavicular fossa. Its branch enters the ear from behind, exits anterior to the ear, to behind the lateral canthus. Another branch diverges from the lateral canthus, descends to Daying, combines with Hand-Shaoyang, reaches below the cheekbone, adds to Jiache, descends the neck, combines with Quepen, descends into the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder. Follows the hypochondrium, emerges at the Qi Street, wraps around the pubic region, enters transversely into the hip crease (Dou says: the junction below the abdomen and above the thigh). Its main line descends from Quepen under the axilla, follows the chest, passes the hypochondrium, descends to combine with the hip crease, follows Bi Yang, emerges at the lateral knee, descends anterior to the lateral fibular bone (one cun below the knee anterior to the lateral fibular bone is Yanglingquan acupoint, taken with leg extended), straight down to the end of the Juegu (Yangfu acupoint), emerges anterior to the lateral malleolus (Qiuxu acupoint), follows the dorsum of the foot, enters the space between the fourth and fifth toes (depression before the proximal joint between these toes is Xiaxi acupoint; depression after the joint is Linque/Linqi acupoint; the tip is Qiaoyin acupoint). Its branch diverges from the dorsum, enters the space between the big toe, follows the medial cuneiform bone to exit at the tip, returns to penetrate the nail bed, and exits at the trichomes.
When the meridian is disturbed, disease manifests as bitter taste, frequent sighing, heart/costal pain, inability to turn sideways, severe cases have dusty complexion, lack of luster, heat on the lateral foot, termed Yang Jue. This meridian governs diseases generated by Bones, including pain in the head corner, jaw, lateral canthus, supraclavicular fossa, axillary swelling, horse-knife/goiter, chills with sweating, malaria, and pain in the chest, hypochondrium, ribs, thigh, lateral knee to Juegu/lateral malleolus and all joints, with immobility of the fourth toe.