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Nasal bleeding (epistaxis) travels through the clear pathways and involves blood from the meridians and zang-fu organs, mostly emerging upwards via the Du Meridian. The qi of the meridians and zang-fu organs connects to the nose; therefore, overflowing blood also exits through the nose. Zhang Jingyue stated: "All cases of epistaxis must originate above the Shangen point, near the Jingming acupoint." The Jingming acupoint is the intersection of five meridians: the Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Stomach Meridian, Yin Qiao Mai, and Yang Qiao Mai, any of which can cause epistaxis. Furthermore, the Chong Mai serves as the Sea of Blood for the twelve meridians. Its upper shu points emerge from the Dazhu acupoint of the Bladder Meridian, and its lower shu points emerge from the Qijie area of the Stomach Meridian. When blood from the Bladder and Stomach meridians arrives, the blood of the Chong Mai also arrives, thereby reaching all twelve meridians. Thus, mild epistaxis involves only blood from a nearby single meridian, while severe cases may result in the expulsion of blood from the entire body. The old theory claims that epistaxis originates from the Lung; is this really true? *Zhunsheng* states that the nose connects to the brain, and when blood overflows upward into the brain, it exits through the nose. It is appropriate to use Maohua Decoction to administer Zhinu San. Song Yun said: For mild cases, applying water-soaked paper to the nasal bridge or splashing cold water on the back of the neck will stop the bleeding. For severe cases, Xijiao Dihuang Tang is used, which is a symptomatic treatment. Another prescription consists of Huangqin and Baiji, each two liang, processed into water pills, which is highly effective for chronic epistaxis. (Xijiao enters the Kidney channel because the Kidney meridian ascends to connect with the nose and brain. This method can also be used for gastric epistaxis, as the Stomach meridian also ascends into the nose. Therefore, in cases of epistaxis caused by fire stagnation in the Yangming channel, if Xijiao is unavailable, Shengma can be substituted, as Shengma is a herb of the Yangming channel.)

This condition pertains to the diseases of the Stomach, Large Intestine, and Kidney channels. Generally, the Large Intestine meridian enters the lower teeth, and the Stomach meridian enters the upper teeth. The Kidney governs the bones, and teeth are considered the surplus of bone. When Stomach fire is excessive, blood gushes out like a fountain, yet the teeth remain firm. Symptoms may include bad breath and rotting, swollen, and painful gums, typically caused by heavy consumption of alcohol and rich flavors. The treatment should focus on clearing Stomach fire; if constipation is present, purgatives may be used. If there is no bad breath or toothache, but the teeth feel loose and unstable, or suffer slight pain without severity, accompanied by frequent bleeding from the gum spaces, this indicates Kidney yin deficiency with hyperactive fire. The treatment should nourish Kidney water, primarily using Liuwei Wan (see Xu Sun). In cases where Kidney fire floats upward due to deficiency, Bawei Wan (see Xu Sun) is indicated. *Yizhi Xuyu* records three cases of dental bleeding treated by the author, involving significant blood loss. All were cured by administering two qian of Sanzhi Dahuang powder, mixed with a small amount of Zhike decoction and child's urine. Recovery occurred after the passage of black stools. The reason is that Yangming heat is excessive, and both the Chong Mai and Ren Mai attach to the Yangming channel, causing blood to surge like a tide. In contrast, if the cause is Kidney deficiency, blood will drip out slowly, and the teeth will ache intermittently; such cases would never present with such sudden and severe hemorrhage.