桂枝汤治太阳风，芍药甘草姜枣同，桂麻相合名各半，太阳如疟此为功。麻黄汤中用桂枝，杏仁甘草四般施，发热恶寒头项痛，伤寒服此汗淋漓。大青龙汤桂麻黄，杏草石膏姜枣藏，太阳无汗兼烦躁，风寒两解此为良。小青龙汤治水气，喘咳呕哕渴利慰，姜桂麻黄芍药甘，细辛半夏兼五味。葛根汤内麻黄襄，二味加入桂枝汤，邪入经输因无汗，有汗加葛去麻黄。五苓散治太阳腑，白术泽泻猪茯苓，膀胱化气添官桂，利便消暑烦渴宁；除桂名为四苓散，无寒但渴服之灵。猪苓汤除桂与术，加入滑阿渴热平。桃仁承气五般奇，甘草硝黄桂枝随，热结膀胱小腹胀，如狂蓄血最相宜。生姜泻心草连芩，半夏干姜大枣参，除却人参倍甘草，甘草泻心虚热平。大陷胸汤大黄硝，甘遂为末二味调；小陷胸汤治小结，黄连半夏括蒌饶。三物白散巴豆熬，贝母桔梗倍用饶，白汤和服一钱七，膈上必吐膈下消。十枣汤治水气痞，芫花甘遂大戟与，三皆研末枣汤和，中焦水饮力能去。柴胡桂枝干姜汤，花粉牡蛎芩草襄，已经汗下胸胁满，寒热渴烦宜此方。旋覆代赭用人参，半夏草姜大枣临，重以镇逆咸软坚，痞硬噫气力能禁。
(原注：阳明主里，外候肌肉，内候胃中。阳明病欲解，时从中至戌上，)
何谓阳明经证曰身热、目痛、鼻干、不得眠、脉浮长，不恶寒、反恶热是也。若兼头痛恶寒，是太阳证未罢也，宜葛根汤；若无头痛恶寒，但见壮热口渴者，是已罢太阳，为阳明经本证也，宜白虎汤。
何谓阳明腑证曰潮热谵语、手足腋下濈濈然汗出、腹满痛、大便硬是也。
本太阳证治之失法，亡其津液，致太阳之标热合阳明之燥气，脾中精液为其所烁而穷约，谓之脾约，其证小便数、大便硬，此太阳阳明也，宜麻仁丸。
本少阳证治之失法，亡其津液，致少阳之火邪乘胃热而转属阳明，大便为难，此少阳阳明也，宜蜜煎猪胆汁导之。
病人阳气素盛，或有宿食，外邪传入，遂归胃腑，此正阳阳明也，宜三承气汤下之。
(原注：阳明证有呕多者，有硬满止在心下者，有阳气怫郁于表而面赤者，俱不可下。)
伤寒六七日，目中不了了、睛不和、大便难、身微热者，急下之；阳明病发热汗多者，急下之；发汗不解、腹满痛者，急下之，俱宜大承气汤。若汗后而蒸蒸发热、吐后而腹胀满者，宜调胃承气汤。若汗吐下后，亡其精液、微烦、小便数、大便硬者，宜小承气汤。
阳明证诸方歌
白虎汤用石膏煨，知母甘草粳米陪，益以人参生津液，躁烦热渴舌生胎。大承气汤用芒硝，枳实大黄厚朴饶(原注：加人参、熟地，名黄龙汤)；去硝名为小承气，痞硬谵狂在上焦(小承气汤)；益以羌活名三化(汤)，中风闭实服之消(小承气汤)；若加芍药麻仁杏，脾约便难服之高。
调胃承气硝黄草，甘缓微和将胃保，不用枳朴伤上焦，中焦燥实服之好。
(原注：少阳主半表半里，不可汗下，法宜和解。少阳病欲解，时从寅至辰上。)
少阳之为病，口苦、咽干、目眩、脉弦是也。若寒热往来、胸胁苦满、默默不欲食。心烦喜呕，为虚火证，宜小柴胡汤。若心中痞硬、郁郁微烦，呕不止者，为实火证，宜大柴胡汤。呕而误下、痞满不痛者，宜半夏泻心汤。
邪已入里、胆火下攻于脾而自利者，宜黄芩汤。胆火上逆于胃而为呕者，宜黄芩汤加半夏、生姜。(原注：以上四证，皆寒热相搏于中也。)
少阳证诸方歌
小柴胡汤和解供，半夏人参甘草从，更用黄芩生姜枣，少阳百病此为宗。大柴胡汤用大黄，枳实芍芩半夏将，煎加姜枣表兼里，妙法内攻并外攘。半夏泻心干姜草，芩连人参与大枣，误下少阳发热呕，痞满心烦服之巧。黄连汤内用干姜，半夏人参甘草藏，更入桂枝兼大枣，寒热平调呕痛亡。黄芩汤里甘芍枣，少阳下利火邪扰，呕益生姜与半夏，胆邪上逆能治疗。
(原注：太阴为湿土，纯阴之脏也。太阴病欲解，时从亥至丑上信)
太阴邪从阴化之证，腹满吐食、自利、不渴、手足自温、脉沉迟是也，理中汤主之。不愈，宜四逆辈。(原注：凡利则津液下注，多见口渴，惟太阴湿土之病不渴。太阴邪从阳化之证，发汗后不解，腹痛，急下之，宜大承气汤；腹满时痛时止者，桂枝汤加芍药主之；大实痛者，桂枝汤加大黄主之。)
太阴证方歌
理中汤主理中乡，甘草人参术黑姜；吐利腹痛阴寒盛，或加附子总扶阳。(原注：理中汤加黄连、茯芩，名连理汤，治伤暑渴泻。)
(原注：肾中水火同具，邪伤其经，或从水化，或从火化，故有寒热二证。少阴病欲解，时从子至寅上。)
何谓少阴之邪从水化而为寒曰：脉沉细而微、但欲寐、背恶寒、口中和、腹痛下利清谷、小便白是也，用回阳法治之。
手足厥冷、吐利、小便复利、下利清谷、脉微欲绝者，宜四逆汤。若内寒外热、面赤咽痛，或干呕利止、脉不出、汗出脉微而厥者，宜通脉四逆汤。(原注：假热证宜细认，于脉微、肢厥处辨之。)
少阴下利脉微者，宜白通汤。利不止、厥逆无脉、干呕而烦，白通加人尿猪胆汁汤主之。汗下后不解，烦躁者，茯苓四逆汤主之。
少阴病至四五日，腹痛、小便不利、四肢重肿、自下利，此水气也，宜真武汤。
少阴病得之二三日，口中和、背恶寒者，宜附子汤。若脉沉、手足寒、一身骨节痛者，亦宜附子汤；上吐下利、手足逆冷、烦躁欲死者，吴茱萸汤治之。
何谓少阴之邪从火化而为热曰：脉沉细而数、但欲寐、内烦外躁、或不卧、口中热、下利清水、小便赤是也，用救阴法治之。
少阴病二三日，火逆咽痛者，宜甘草桔梗汤。若咽中伤生疮、不能言语、声不出者，苦酒汤主之。若寒郁咽中痛者，半夏散主之。若下利、咽痛、胸满心烦者，猪肤汤主之。(原注：猪肤四两，水煎，去渣，加白蜜半盏、米粉二钱，熬匀，服。)
少阴病四逆，或咳，或悸，或小便不利，或腹中痛，或泄利下重者，四逆散主之。
少阴病得之二三日，口燥咽干者，急下之；六七日腹胀不大便者，急下之，自利清水色纯青、心下痛、口干燥者，急下之，俱宜大承气汤。(原注：此少阴急下三证也。)
少阴证诸方歌
四逆汤中姜附草，三阴厥逆太阳沉；或益姜葱参芍桔，通阳复脉力能任。白通姜附与葱白，或加人尿猪胆汁；热因寒用妙义深，阴盛格阳厥无脉。茯苓四逆人参草，附子干姜同煎好；已经汗下仍烦躁，用此回阳病自了。真武汤壮肾中阳，茯苓术芍附生姜；少阴腹痛有水气，悸眩隅惕保安康。附子汤中术茯苓，人参芍药共煎斟；少阴身疼骨节痛，手足厥寒六脉沉。吴茱萸汤人参枣，重用生姜温胃好；阳明寒呕少阴利，厥阴头痛皆能保。少阴脉沉反发热，麻黄附子细辛汤；若二三日无里证，麻黄附子甘草汤，苦酒汤将半夏煎，一枚鸡子用黄添，半夏散兼桂枝草，水煎冷服寒郁痊。黄连阿胶救阴伤，芩芍加入鸡子黄，桃花汤用干姜米，赤石脂末调服良。
(原注：厥阴为木之脏，从热化者多，从寒化者少，以木中有火故也。厥阴病欲解，时从丑至卯上。)
厥阴之为病，消渴，气上撞心，心中疼热，饥而不欲食，食则吐蛔，下之利不止。吐蛔而厥者，乌梅丸主之。久利手足厥寒、脉微欲绝者，当归四逆汤主之。吐下格阳，欲饮即吐者，干姜黄连黄芩人参汤主之。厥逆腹痛、泄利下重者，宜四逆散。热利下重、欲饮水者，白头翁汤主之(原注：白头翁三钱，黄柏二钱，黄连一钱，秦皮钱半)。
脉滑而厥、欲饮水数升者，宜白虎汤。脉结代、心动悸者，宜炙甘草汤。
伤寒阳脉涩阴脉弦，法当腹中急痛，先与小建中汤；不瘥者，小柴胡汤主之。伤寒厥而心下悸者，当先治水，宜茯苓桂枝甘草生姜汤。
厥阴证诸方歌
乌梅丸用细辛桂(枝)，人参附子椒姜配，黄连黄柏及当归，温脏安蛔寒厥退。当归四逆桂枝芍，细辛甘草木通著，再加大枣治厥阴，脉细阳虚由血弱。内有久寒加姜茱，发表温中通脉络。
四逆散中用柴胡，芍药枳实甘草扶，此是阳邪成厥逆，养阴泻热在通疏。
炙甘草汤桂枝参、麦冬生地大麻仁，姜枣阿胶加酒服，心虚脉代结如神。
小建中汤芍药多，桂姜甘草大枣和，加入饴糖补中气，阴虚腹痛服之瘥(原注：小建中汤加黄耆，名黄耆建中汤，治里虚脉急；加当归，名当归建中汤，治血虚)。
《医脉摘要》卷上终
医脉摘要卷下
望面色
额属心火；颐属肾水；左颊肝木；右颊肺金；鼻居中央，脾土是应。青是肝邪，白为肺病，赤乃心热，黄主脾败。(原注：凡面色黄中见青者，肝木乘脾土也，宜平肝扶脾。)若见黑色，肾损可虑。色周于面者，辨其有神无神；色分于部者，审其相生相克。暗淡者，病从内生；紫浊者，邪从外受；憔悴者，郁多；瘦黄者，病久；山根明亮，乃为欲愈之疴；环口黑黧，休医，已绝之肾。(原注：色青为痛，色黑为劳，色赤为风，色黄为便难，色鲜明有留饮。)至如舌卷，囊缩，口张，唇反，发直，齿枯，手撒，目盲，声如鼾睡，口吐白沫，或直视而遗尿，或眉倾而爪脱，或阳绝而汗出如珠，或脾败而泄利无度，皆不治之证也。(原注：惟热证齿燥者，尚可清、可下而愈。)
色青白者风邪，风甚则手足瘈疭。色青黑者寒痛，寒极则舌卷、囊缩。发热头痛而面赤者，阳气怫郁也。烦渴多汗而面赤者，阳明热甚也。足冷面赤者，戴阳也。午后颧赤者，虚火也。白主气虚，多是脱血之候。黑为肾病，半系阴寒之征。黄为脾土正色，须有赤白相兼。黄而明者，湿热也；黄而暗者，湿寒也。
望舌
(原注：凡舌肿、重舌、木舌，皆热甚也。舌硬、舌强、舌卷、舌短缩，皆危证也。若舌出数寸，舌边如锯齿者，不治。)
舌为心苗连脾经，红润淡黄病不生，白胎表证黄黑里，(黑)干裂热邪(黑)润耗精。
白胎者邪伤气分，胸中有寒也。宜发表和解，不宜攻下。若白胎而燥渴者，温热病也；白胎如积粉者，时疫证也。邪入胃府，则白胎中黄；邪传少阴，则白中变黑。白胎兼两路黄者，合病也；白中兼两路黑者，夹阴也。白胎多而黄黑胎少、滑润而不燥渴者，表证多也；黑胎多而白胎少，或生芒刺干燥者，里证多也。或尖白根黄，或白根黑，或中心黄黑而滑润，边白，皆半表半里证也。又有伤寒坏病，厚白而燥裂者，邪耗津液也；胃阳素虚，纯白而胎滑者，膈有寒饮也。惟白胎厚如煮熟色者，由里挟寒物留滞不散，心脾气亏而肺气乘之也，用枳实理中汤，间有生者。
黄胎者，阳明腑实也。黄而湿者，热尚浅，不宜便攻。黄而燥者，热已深，可以用下。若黄而生芒刺黑点，甚至办裂者，乃热极液干，下证尤急也；有根黄而边尖白、短缩不能伸出者，痰饮夹食也，小承气汤加生姜半夏主之。有胎厚而中青紫、纹裂而舌不干者，阴证夹食也，大承气合附子汁下之(原注：此温下法也)。黑胎，乃少阴肾色。黑而焦裂者，火极似炭之热胎也，宜下之。黑而滑润者，水来克火之寒胎也，当温之。若汗下伤阴、神昏耳聋、舌虽黑而无积胎者，此津枯血燥也，宜炙甘草汤，或六味合生脉散。若夏月中暑，脉虚、口渴、舌中黑而边红润者，此时火燔灼也，宜白虎汤加人参竹叶。(原注：津枯，舌黑而无积胎者，可用温病中之复脉汤。)
灰黑色者，足三阴互病。如以青黄和入黑中，则为灰色也，始由白黄胎而灰黑，或生芒刺、黑点、纹裂干燥者，下证也；淡灰色中起深黑重晕者，温病热病也，宜凉膈散、双解散治之。若初病便见灰色，舌润无胎，此内有寒食，水饮蓄血也，当随证治之。又有感冒夹食，屡经汗下、消导，二便已通，而舌上灰黑未退、润而不燥者，此津液过伤、虚火上炎之象也，急宜养阴。(原注：此证不知而再下，即死。大抵传经热证，灰黑干胎者，皆当攻下泄热，直中三阴。灰黑无胎者，当温经散寒。)
舌红者，心之正色也。红极而鲜，为湿热蕴于心胃及瘟疫热毒内盛也，宜解毒汤、白虎汤。红中有白胎者，夹寒也；红中夹两路灰胎者，温热夹食也；红中有黑胎者，热毒入少阴也；红极有黄黑芒刺者，热毒入腑也；红极有紫黑斑及遍身发斑者，阳毒入心也；红中有紫疮、白疱、裂纹、星点者，皆火炎之象也。惟舌柔嫩如新生，望之似润而实燥涸者，由汗下太过，津液耗竭也，急服生津等药。
紫色者，酒色伤寒或热瘀血分也。深紫而赤者，是阳热酒毒宜用苦寒药解之。淡紫而青润者，是肝肾阴寒，宜吴萸四逆汤温之。若紫中有红斑，或干黄，或灰黑，或短缩者，宜凉膈散。若全紫而干，如煮热猪肝者，难治。
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) treats Taiyang Wind Strike, combined with Shaoyao (Paeonia Root), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), and Dazao (Jujube). When combined equally with Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), it is named Guizhi Mahuang Banxia Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra Decoction), effective for Taiyang conditions resembling malaria. Mahuang Tang uses Guizhi, Xingren (Apricot Seed), and Gancao, four ingredients in total, to treat fever, aversion to cold, headache, and stiff neck caused by Cold Damage; taking this decoction induces profuse sweating. Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction) contains Guizhi, Mahuang, Xingren, Gancao, Shigao (Gypsum), Shengjiang, and Dazao, treating Taiyang conditions with no sweat accompanied by irritability, effectively resolving both wind and cold. Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Green Dragon Decoction) treats water retention, relieving wheezing, coughing, vomiting, thirst, or diarrhea, composed of Shengjiang, Guizhi, Mahuang, Shaoyao, Gancao, Xixin (Asarum), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), and Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit). Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) includes Mahuang added to Guizhi Tang, plus two other ingredients (Gegen and Mahuang); it treats pathogens entering the meridians due to lack of sweat; if sweat is present, remove Mahuang and keep Gegen. Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder) treats Taiyang Fu syndrome (Bladder Qi transformation dysfunction), composed of Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Zhuling (Polyporus), and Fuling (Poria), adding Guizhi to promote Bladder Qi transformation, benefiting urination, dispelling summerheat, and calming irritability and thirst; removing Guizhi creates Siling San (Four-Ling Powder), effective for cases without cold but with thirst. Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) removes Guizhi and Baizhu from Wuling San, adding Huashi (Talcum) and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) to calm thirst and heat. Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Mandate-Charging Decoction) consists of five unique ingredients: Taoren (Peach Kernel), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Mangxiao (Mirabilite), Gancao, and Guizhi, suitable for heat binding in the Bladder causing lower abdominal fullness and pain, and manic-like blood stasis. Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Draining Epigastrium Decoction) contains Shengjiang, Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Banxia, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Dazao, and Renshen (Ginseng Root); removing Renshen and doubling Gancao creates Gancao Xiexin Tang (Licorice Draining Epigastrium Decoction), treating empty heat. Daxiexiong Tang (Major Trap Chest Decoction) uses Dahuang and Mangxiao, mixed with Gansui (Kansui Root) powder; Xiaoxiexiong Tang (Minor Trap Chest Decoction) treats minor trap chest syndrome, composed of Huanglian, Banxia, and Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit). Sanwu Baisan (Three-Ingredient White Powder) involves roasting Badou (Croton Seed), with Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb) and Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) used in double quantity, taken with rice water; it induces vomiting of phlegm above the diaphragm and resolves fluid below. Shizao Tang (Ten-Jujube Decoction) treats water-induced epigastric fullness, composed of Yuanhua (Genkwa Flower), Gansui, and Daye (Spurge Root), all powdered and taken with jujube decoction to strongly remove middle-jiao fluid retention. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Dried Ginger Decoction) contains Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Muli (Oyster Shell), Huangqin, and Gancao, indicated for patients who have already undergone sweating or purging and still exhibit hypochondriac fullness, alternating chills and fever, thirst, and irritability. Xuanfu Daizhe Tang (Inula and Hematitum Decoction) uses Renshen, Xuanfu (Inula Flower), Daizhe (Hematitum), Banxia, Gancao, Shengjiang, and Dazao; heavy substances settle rebellious Qi and salty flavors soften hardness, effectively stopping epigastric fullness and belching.
Yangming Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Yangming governs the interior, manifesting externally on muscles and internally in the Stomach. Yangming disease tends to resolve from noon to Xu hour.)
What is called Yangming Meridian Syndrome is body heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, insomnia, floating and long pulse, absence of aversion to cold, and preference for heat. If accompanied by headache and aversion to cold, the Taiyang syndrome has not yet resolved, and Gegen Tang should be used; if there is no headache or aversion to cold, but only high fever and thirst, the Taiyang syndrome has resolved, constituting the primary Yangming Meridian syndrome, and Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) should be used.
What is called Yangming Fu Syndrome is tidal fever, delirium, continuous sweating on hands, feet, and armpits, abdominal fullness and pain, and hard stool.
If a Taiyang syndrome was treated improperly, depleting fluids, causing the superficial heat of Taiyang to combine with the dryness of Yangming, scorching the essence fluids of the Spleen, it is called "Spleen Constraint," characterized by frequent urination and hard stool; this is Taiyang-Yangming combination, and Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) should be used.
If a Shaoyang syndrome was treated improperly, depleting fluids, allowing Shaoyang fire pathogen to enter Stomach heat and transform into Yangming, causing difficulty in defecation, this is Shaoyang-Yangming combination, and honey suppository or pig bile enema should be used.
If a patient has abundant Yang qi originally or has retained food, and external pathogens transmit inward to the Stomach Fu, this is Zhengyang Yangming (True Yang Yangming), and the three Chengqi Decoctions should be used to purge.
Yangming Purging Syndromes
(Original Note: In Yangming syndromes, those with frequent vomiting, those with hardness/fullness limited to the epigastrium, and those with flushed face due to Yang qi stagnation on the exterior, must not be purged.)
After six or seven days of Cold Damage, if eyes are unclear, eyeballs are unresponsive, stool is difficult, and body has slight heat, urgent purging is required; if Yangming disease presents with fever and excessive sweating, urgent purging is required; if sweating fails to resolve the condition and abdominal fullness/pain occurs, urgent purging is required; all these cases suit Dachengqi Tang (Major Mandate-Charging Decoction). If steaming fever occurs after sweating, or abdominal fullness after vomiting, Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate-Stomach Mandate-Charging Decoction) is suitable. If fluids are depleted after sweating, vomiting, or purging, leading to slight irritability, frequent urination, and hard stool, Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Mandate-Charging Decoction) is suitable.
Song of Formulas for Yangming Syndromes
Baihu Tang uses calcined Shigao, assisted by Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Gancao, and Jingmi (Rice); adding Renshen generates fluids, treating restlessness, thirst, and coated tongue. Dachengqi Tang uses Mangxiao, assisted by Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Dahuang, and Houpo (Magnolia Bark) (Original Note: Adding Renshen and Shudi (Rehmannia Root) creates Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction)); removing Mangxiao creates Xiaochengqi Tang, treating epigastric fullness, delirium, and mania in the Upper Jiao (Xiaochengqi Tang); adding Qianghuo (Notopterygium Root) creates Sanhua Tang (Three-Transformations Decoction), treating wind-stroke closure excess (Xiaochengqi Tang modification); adding Shaoyao, Maren (Hemp Seed), and Xingren treats spleen constraint and difficult defecation effectively.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang uses Mangxiao, Dahuang, and Gancao; its sweet and mild nature harmonizes and protects the Stomach; avoiding Zhishi and Houpo prevents injury to the Upper Jiao, making it good for Middle Jiao dryness-excess.
Shaoyang Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Shaoyang governs half-exterior and half-interior; sweating and purging are contraindicated, and the method should be harmonizing. Shaoyang disease tends to resolve from Yin hour to Chen hour.)
Shaoyang disease manifests as bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, vertigo, and wiry pulse. If accompanied by alternating chills and fever, hypochondriac fullness, silence, loss of appetite, heart irritability, and frequent vomiting, it is a deficiency-fire syndrome, treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If there is epigastric fullness/hardness, slight depression/irritability, and incessant vomiting, it is an excess-fire syndrome, treated with Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). If vomiting follows improper purging, resulting in fullness without pain, Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Draining Epigastrium Decoction) is suitable.
If there is heat in the chest causing vomiting and cold in the stomach causing abdominal pain, Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is suitable.
If pathogens have entered the interior, and Gallbladder fire attacks the Spleen causing spontaneous diarrhea, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) is suitable. If Gallbladder fire rebels upward to the Stomach causing vomiting, Huangqin Tang plus Banxia and Shengjiang is suitable. (Original Note: The above four syndromes all involve cold and heat clashing in the middle.)
Song of Formulas for Shaoyang Syndromes
Xiaochaihu Tang harmonizes Shaoyang, using Banxia, Renshen, and Gancao, along with Huangqin, Shengjiang, and Dazao; it is the master formula for Shaoyang diseases. Dachaihu Tang uses Dahuang, Zhishi, Shaoyao, Huangqin, and Banxia; adding Shengjiang and Dazao during decoction treats both exterior and interior, effectively attacking internally and repelling externally. Banxia Xiexin Tang uses Ganjiang, Gancao, Huangqin, Huanglian, Renshen, and Dazao; it cleverly treats fever, vomiting, fullness, and irritability following improper Shaoyang purging. Huanglian Tang contains Ganjiang, Banxia, Renshen, and Gancao, plus Guizhi and Dazao, balancing cold and heat to treat vomiting and pain. Huangqin Tang contains Gancao, Shaoyao, and Dazao, treating Shaoyang diarrhea caused by fire disturbance; adding Shengjiang and Banxia treats Gallbladder rebellion.
Taiyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Taiyin is wet earth, a pure Yin organ. Taiyin disease tends to resolve from Hai hour to Chou hour.)
Taiyin syndrome transforming from Yin-cold manifests as abdominal fullness, vomiting food, spontaneous diarrhea, no thirst, naturally warm hands and feet, and deep-slow pulse, treated primarily with Lizhong Tang (Regulate Middle Decoction). If ineffective, SiNi Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) category should be used. (Original Note: Diarrhea usually leads to fluid depletion and thirst, but Taiyin damp-earth disease does not cause thirst. Taiyin syndrome transforming from Yang-heat: after sweating, if unresolved with abdominal pain, urgent purging with Dachengqi Tang is needed; if abdominal fullness and intermittent pain occur, Guizhi Tang plus Shaoyao is primary; if severe pain occurs, Guizhi Tang plus Dahuang is primary.)
Song of Formulas for Taiyin Syndromes
Lizhong Tang regulates the Middle Jiao, using Gancao, Renshen, Baizhu, and Heijiang (Black Ginger); for vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe Yin-cold, or adding Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root), it always supports Yang. (Original Note: Lizhong Tang plus Huanglian and Fuling creates Lianli Tang (Coix and Coptis Decoction), treating summerheat-induced thirst and diarrhea.)
Shaoyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Kidney contains both Water and Fire; pathogens injuring the meridian may transform from Water (cold) or Fire (heat), hence cold and heat syndromes exist. Shaoyin disease tends to resolve from Zi hour to Yin hour.)
What is called Shaoyin pathogen transforming from Water to cold? Pulse is deep, fine, and faint; desire to sleep; aversion to cold on the back; neutral mouth; abdominal pain and diarrhea with undigested food; white urine. Treat with methods to restore Yang.
If hands and feet are cold, vomiting/diarrhea, frequent urination, diarrhea with undigested food, and pulse is faint/almost absent, SiNi Tang is suitable. If internal cold with external heat, red face, sore throat, or dry vomiting/stopped diarrhea, pulseless, sweating with faint pulse and cold extremities, Tongmai SiNi Tang (Unblocking Pulses SiNi Tang) is suitable. (Original Note: False heat syndromes require careful differentiation, distinguishing at faint pulse and cold extremities.)
For Shaoyin diarrhea with faint pulse, Baitong Tang (White Connecting Decoction) is suitable. For unceasing diarrhea, cold extremities, absent pulse, dry vomiting, and irritability, Baitong Jia Renuo Zhu Danjian Tang (White Connecting Decoction plus Human Urine and Pig Bile) is primary. For unresolved condition after sweating/purging with irritability, Fuling SiNi Tang (Poria SiNi Tang) is primary.
For Shaoyin disease progressing 4-5 days with abdominal pain, dysuria, heavy swollen limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea, this is water qi, treated with Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction).
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with neutral mouth and back aversion to cold, Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is suitable. For deep pulse, cold hands/feet, and whole-body joint pain, Fuzi Tang is also suitable; for upper vomiting/lower diarrhea, cold extremities, and severe irritability, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) treats it.
What is called Shaoyin pathogen transforming from Fire to heat? Pulse is deep, fine, and rapid; desire to sleep; internal irritability and external restlessness; insomnia; hot mouth; diarrhea with clear water; red urine. Treat with methods to save Yin.
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with fire-rebellious sore throat, Gancao Jiegeng Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) is suitable. For throat injury with sores, inability to speak, or voice loss, Kujiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction) is primary. For cold-constrained sore throat, Banxia San (Pinellia Powder) is suitable. For diarrhea, sore throat, chest fullness, and irritability, Zhufu Tang (Swan Skin Decoction) is primary. (Original Note: Simmer 4 liang of swan skin, strain, add half cup white honey and 2 qian rice flour, boil until uniform, then take.)
For Shaoyin disease 2-3+ days with heart irritability and insomnia, Huanglian Ejiao Tang (Coptis and Donkey-hide Gelatin Decoction) is primary.
For Shaoyin diarrhea 6-7 days with cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, and insomnia, Zhuling Tang is primary.
For Shaoyin abdominal pain, dysuria, and diarrhea with pus/blood, Taohua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) is primary.
For Shaoyin cold extremities, or cough, or palpitations, or dysuria, or abdominal pain, or heavy sensation in defecation, SiNi San (Frigid Extremities Powder) is primary.
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with dry mouth/throat, urgent purging is needed; 6-7 days with abdominal fullness and constipation, urgent purging is needed; spontaneous diarrhea with pure green water, epigastric pain, and dry mouth/throat, urgent purging is needed; all suit Dachengqi Tang. (Original Note: These are the three urgent purging syndromes of Shaoyin.)
Song of Formulas for Shaoyin Syndromes
SiNi Tang contains Ganjiang, Fuzi, and Gancao, treating Three Yin cold extremities and Taiyang deep pulse; adding Ganjiang, Congbai (Green Onion White), Renshen, Shaoyao, or Jiegeng can unblock Yang and restore pulse. Baitong Tang uses Ganjiang, Fuzi, and Congbai, or adds human urine and pig bile; utilizing the profound meaning of "treating heat with cold," it manages Yin excess repelling Yang with cold extremities and absent pulse. Fuling SiNi Tang contains Renshen, Gancao, Fuzi, and Ganjiang, boiled well; for persistent irritability after sweating/purging, this restores Yang and resolves disease. Zhenwu Tang strengthens Kidney Yang, using Fuling, Baizhu, Shaoyao, Fuzi, and Shengjiang; for Shaoyin abdominal pain with water qi, palpitations, dizziness, and fright, it ensures health. Fuzi Tang contains Baizhu, Fuling, Renshen, and Shaoyao, boiled together; for Shaoyin body/joint pain and cold extremities with deep pulse. Wuzhuyu Tang contains Renshen and Dazao, with heavy Shengjiang to warm Stomach; it protects against Yangming cold vomiting, Shaoyin diarrhea, and Jueyin headache. For Shaoyin deep pulse with fever, Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction) is used; if no interior syndrome after 2-3 days, Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang is used. Kujiu Tang simmers Banxia with egg white; Banxia San combines Guizhi and Gancao, taken cold to cure cold constraint. Huanglian Ejiao Tang saves Yin injury, adding Huangqin, Shaoyao, and egg yolk; Taohua Tang uses Ganjiang and rice, with Chishizhi (Red Halloysite) powder taken with good effect.
Jueyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Jueyin is Wood organ, mostly transforms from heat, rarely from cold, because Wood contains Fire. Jueyin disease tends to resolve from Chou hour to Mao hour.)
Jueyin disease manifests as extreme thirst, Qi rushing up to hit the heart, heart pain/heat, hunger without desire to eat, vomiting roundworms upon eating, and unceasing diarrhea if purged. For vomiting roundworms with cold extremities, Wumei Wan (Mume Pill) is primary. For chronic diarrhea with cold extremities and faint/almost absent pulse, Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Frigid Extremities Decoction) is primary. For vomiting/purging leading to Yang repulsion, drinking causes immediate vomiting, Ganjiang Huanglian Huangqin Renshen Tang (Dried Ginger, Coptis, Scutellaria, and Ginseng Decoction) is primary. For cold extremities, abdominal pain, and heavy defecation, SiNi San is suitable. For hot diarrhea with heaviness and thirst, Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction) is primary (Original Note: Baitouweng 3 qian, Huangbo 2 qian, Huanglian 1 qian, Qinpi 1.5 qian).
For slippery pulse with cold extremities and desire to drink several liters of water, Baihu Tang is suitable. For knotted/intermittent pulse and palpitations, Zhigancao Tang (Roasted Licorice Decoction) is suitable.
For Cold Damage with superficial choppy pulse and deep wiry pulse, abdominal cramping pain is expected; first give Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction); if ineffective, Xiaochaihu Tang is primary. For Cold Damage with cold extremities and epigastric palpitations, treat water first with Fuling Guizhi Gancao Shengjiang Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, and Fresh Ginger Decoction).
Song of Formulas for Jueyin Syndromes
Wumei Wan uses Xixin and Guizhi, combined with Renshen, Fuzi, Huajiao (Sichuan Pepper), Ganjiang, Huanglian, Huangbo, and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), warming viscera, calming roundworms, and retreating cold extremities. Danggui Sini Tang uses Guizhi, Shaoyao, Xixin, Gancao, and Mutong (Akebia Stem), plus Dazao for Jueyin, treating thin pulse and Yang deficiency due to weak blood. Adding Ganjiang and Wuzhuyu for old cold releases exterior, warms middle, and unblocks collaterals.
SiNi San uses Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Shaoyao, Zhishi, and Gancao to support; this is Yang pathogen causing cold extremities, nourishing Yin and draining heat through unblocking.
Zhigancao Tang uses Guizhi, Renshen, Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), and Huma Ren (Hemp Seed), adding Shengjiang, Dazao, Ejiao, and wine; it miraculously treats heart deficiency with knotted/intermittent pulse.
Xiaojianzhong Tang uses abundant Shaoyao, combined with Guizhi, Ganjiang, Gancao, and Dazao; adding Yitang (Maltose) tonifies Middle Qi, curing Yin-deficiency abdominal pain. (Original Note: Xiaojianzhong Tang plus Huangqi (Astragalus Root) creates Huangqi Jianzhong Tang, treating interior deficiency with urgent pulse; plus Danggui creates Danggui Jianzhong Tang, treating blood deficiency.)
End of Volume Upper of "Yimai Zhaiyao"
Volume Lower of "Yimai Zhaiyao"
Observation of Facial Complexion
The forehead belongs to Heart Fire; the chin (Yi) belongs to Kidney Water; the left cheek belongs to Liver Wood; the right cheek belongs to Lung Metal; the nose is central, corresponding to Spleen Earth. Green indicates Liver pathogen, White indicates Lung disease, Red indicates Heart heat, Yellow indicates Spleen failure. (Original Note: Yellow complexion with green tinge indicates Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth, soothe Liver and support Spleen.) Black color suggests damaged Kidney. Complexion covering the whole face requires distinguishing Shen (Spirit); complexions in specific areas require examining generation and restriction cycles. Dark/dull indicates internal origin; purple/turbid indicates external invasion; haggard indicates stagnation; thin/yellow indicates chronic illness. Bright root of nose indicates impending recovery; black ring around mouth indicates untreatable Kidney exhaustion. (Original Note: Green for pain, Black for劳 (consumption/overwork), Red for wind, Yellow for difficult defecation, Bright/shiny for retained fluid.) Conditions like curled tongue, retracted scrotum, open mouth, everted lips, straight hair, withered teeth, relaxed hands, blindness, snoring sound, foaming at mouth, staring with incontinence, falling eyebrows/nails, Yang exhaustion with bead-like sweat, or Spleen failure with unceasing diarrhea are all untreatable. (Original Note: Only dry teeth from heat syndrome can be cured by clearing or purging.)
Green-white complexion indicates Wind pathogen; severe wind causes convulsions. Green-black indicates cold pain; extreme cold causes curled tongue/retracted scrotum. Fever, headache, and red face indicate Yang stagnation. Irritability, thirst, sweating, and red face indicate severe Yangming heat. Cold feet and red face indicate Daiyang (Floating Yang). Afternoon malar flush indicates deficient fire. White indicates Qi deficiency, often blood loss. Black indicates Kidney disease, half Yin-cold. Yellow is normal Spleen color, must mix with red/white. Bright yellow indicates damp-heat; dark yellow indicates damp-cold.
Observation of Tongue
(Original Note: Swollen tongue, double tongue, wooden tongue all indicate extreme heat. Hard, stiff, curled, or shortened tongue are critical signs. Tongue extending inches with saw-tooth edges is untreatable.)
Tongue is Heart sprout connecting Spleen meridian; red-dawn-yellow indicates no disease. White coating indicates exterior syndrome, yellow/black indicates interior syndrome; (black) dry/cracked indicates heat damaging Yin, (black) moist indicates essence consumption.
White coating indicates pathogen affecting Qi level, cold in chest. Use releasing or harmonizing methods, not purging. White coating with dry/thirst indicates warm-heat disease; white coating like accumulated powder indicates epidemic disease. Pathogen entering Stomach Fu turns white coating yellow; pathogen transmitting to Shaoyin turns white to black. White coating with two yellow paths indicates combined disease; white with two black paths indicates Yin-clasping. More white than yellow/black, moist/no thirst indicates more exterior; more black than white, or prickles/dryness indicates more interior. Tip white/root yellow, or root black, or center yellow/black moist/edges white all indicate half-exterior/half-interior. Severe Cold Damage with thick/dry cracked white coating indicates pathogen consuming fluids; inherent weak Stomach Yang with pure white moist coating indicates cold fluid in diaphragm. Thick white cooked-color coating indicates interior cold-food stagnation, Spleen/Stomach deficiency with Lung Qi overacting; use Zhishi Lizhong Tang, occasionally surviving.
Yellow coating indicates Yangming Fu excess. Wet yellow indicates shallow heat, do not purge immediately. Dry yellow indicates deep heat, purging is applicable. Yellow with prickles/black spots or cracking indicates extreme heat/fluid dryness, urgent purging needed; yellow root with white edges/tip, short/unextendable indicates phlegm-fluid with food, use Xiaochengqi Tang plus Shengjiang/Banxia. Thick coating with purple center, cracks but not dry indicates Yin syndrome with food, use Dachengqi Tang with Fuzi juice (Original Note: This is warm purging). Black coating is Shaoyin Kidney color. Black scorched/cracked indicates fire extreme like charcoal heat, purge. Black moist indicates water overcoming fire cold, warm. Yin damage from sweating/purging with coma/deafness, black tongue without coating indicates fluid dryness/blood drought, use Zhigancao Tang or Liuwei Dihuang Wan combined with Shengmai San. Summerstroke with weak pulse/thirst, black center/red moist edges indicates fire blazing, use Baihu Tang plus Renshen/Zhuye. (Original Note: Fluid dryness, black tongue without coating, use Wenbing Fumai Tang.)
Gray-black indicates mutual disease of Foot Three Yin. Gray is blue-yellow mixed into black, starting from white/yellow turning gray-black, or with prickles/black spots/cracks/dryness indicates purging needed; light gray with deep black halo indicates warm/heat disease, use Liangge San or Shuangjie San. Gray at onset, moist/no coating indicates interior cold-food, water-fluid, or blood stasis, treat according to syndrome. Cold damage with food, after repeated sweating/purging/digestion, bowels open but gray-black remains moist/not dry indicates excessive fluid damage with deficient fire flaming up, urgently nourish Yin. (Original Note: Ignoring this and purging again causes death. Generally, transmitted heat with gray-black dry coating requires purging/draining heat; direct attack on Three Yin with gray-black no coating requires warming meridians/dispersing cold.)
Red tongue is Heart's true color. Extremely red/fresh indicates damp-heat in Heart/Stomach or plague heat toxin, use Jiedu Tang or Baihu Tang. Red with white coating indicates clashing cold; red with two gray paths indicates warm-heat with food; red with black coating indicates heat toxin entering Shaoyin; extremely red with yellow/black prickles indicates heat toxin entering Fu; extremely red with purple/black spots and body rash indicates Yang toxin entering Heart; red with purple sores/white blisters/cracks/spots indicates fire flaming. Soft tender tongue looking moist but actually dry indicates excessive sweating/purging depleting fluids, urgently take fluid-generating medicines.
Purple indicates alcohol-sex Cold Damage or heat-blood stasis. Deep purple-red indicates Yang heat/alcohol toxin, use bitter-cold to resolve. Pale purple-blue-moist indicates Liver/Kidney Yin-cold, use Wuzhuyu SiNi Tang to warm. Purple with red spots, or dry yellow, or gray-black, or short indicates Liangge San. All purple and dry like boiled pork liver is difficult to treat.