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For pediatric accumulation-heat syndrome, if both the exterior and interior are hot, the whole body will be feverish, with red cheeks, dry mouth, dark urine, and scorched yellow stools. Initially, administer Qingliang Sishun Yinzi (Clearing Heat and Smoothing Four Decoction) to promote bowel movement and clear the viscera; once the heat is cleared, discontinue the medication. If the fever returns after subsiding, it indicates that the interior heat has resolved but the exterior heat remains. In this case, Xingxing San (Stirring Spirit Powder) or Hongmian San (Red Cotton Powder) should be used, with added Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) to induce slight sweating, so that the exterior heat may dissipate. If fever recurs after the exterior heat is cleared, what is the cause? Most contemporary physicians fail to understand this at this stage; some use cooling medicines again, others attempt to release the exterior again, or declare it incurable, leading to many premature deaths due to mismanagement. This occurs because both the exterior and interior are deficient, Qi fails to return to its origin, and Yang floats outward. Thus, the recurrent fever is not a heat syndrome. Simply use Liushen San (Six Spirits Powder) with Oryzae Semen (Jingmi, 粳米) decocted together to harmonize Stomach Qi, allowing Yang to return inward, and the body temperature will normalize. For severe heat cases, Yinbai San (Silver White Powder) is used.

Pediatric blood-heat syndrome presents with fever every morning after eating, while the body feels cool at night. Contemporary physicians often attribute this to deficiency consumption (Xu Lao, 虚劳) or malnutrition heat (Gan Re, 疳热), but this is actually blood heat. Zhudan Wan (Pig Gallbladder Pill) is appropriate.

Pediatric epilepsy, commonly known as "startle wind" (Jing Feng, 惊风), has yin and yang syndromes. When accompanied by body fever, red face, convulsions, upward gaze, and locked jaw, it is a yang syndrome. When caused by vomiting and diarrhea, or only vomiting without diarrhea, leading to progressively pale complexion, spleen deficiency generating cold, and resulting in mild startle wind with slight convulsions, upward gaze, and minor limb tremors, it is a yin syndrome. Yang syndromes are treated with cooling medicines, and yin syndromes with warming medicines; they must not all be treated indiscriminately as startle wind. Another condition involves pre-eruption of sores and rashes, where the child first experiences body fever, startle jumps, or convulsions; this is not startle wind, and dispersing medicines should be administered.

During summer months, children are prone to vomiting and diarrhea with various symptoms, requiring careful diagnosis and precise medication. For vomiting and diarrhea due to latent summerheat, urination is invariably difficult; Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) or Xiangru San (Elsholtzia Powder) are suitable. For vomiting and diarrhea due to food stagnation, both vomitus and feces have a sour and foul odor; Yinggan Wan (Miraculous Response Pill) is indicated. These three formulas are straightforward and are not repeated here. If diarrhea persists for days, causing white lips and white-colored feces, along with large volume of stool, it indicates transformation into cold syndrome. Use the aforementioned Liushen San (Six Spirits Powder), adding one qian of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi, 附子) powder per two qian of the powder base, decocted and divided into three or four doses, to prevent transformation into epilepsy.

Pediatric diarrhea in summer months arises primarily from two causes: latent summerheat causing heat in the Heart viscus, leading to difficult urination and failure to separate clear from turbid, resulting in diarrhea; Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) or Dashun San (Great Smoothness Powder) can be taken, mixed with boiling water. If urination is smooth but diarrhea persists, it is cold diarrhea; add Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi, 附子) to Liushen San (Six Spirits Powder) and decoct. If the abdomen is distended and feces are white, it is gan diarrhea (malnutrition diarrhea); Guanju Liushen Wan (Official Bureau Six Spirits Pill) is suitable. Diarrhea should not be abruptly stopped with hot medicines; doing so will transform it into dysentery. All cases of dysentery are caused by internal accumulation: red dysentery is due to heat accumulation, white dysentery is due to cold accumulation, and mixed red-and-white dysentery is due to imbalance of cold and heat. Red predominating over white indicates more heat and less cold; white predominating over red indicates more cold and less heat.