经义
诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。○东方生风，风生木。（《素问》）
哲言
《经》云∶诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。肝主风，风主动。脾主四肢，四肢者，诸阳之本，木气鼓之，故动，
所谓风淫末疾也。此证在壮年，属热极生风；若病后、老年，属血液衰少，不能营养故也。（《张氏医通》）
肝为风木之脏，相火内寄，体阴用阳，其性刚，主动主升，全赖肾水以涵之，血液以濡之，肺金清肃下
降之令以平之，中宫敦阜之土气以培之，则刚劲之质得为和柔之体，遂其条达畅茂之性，何病之有！倘津液有
亏，肝阴不足，血燥生热，热则风阳上升，窍络阻塞，头目不清，眩晕跌仆，甚则螈 痉厥矣。治当缓肝之急
以熄风，滋肾之液以驱热，如虎潜丸、地黄饮子、复脉等方，是介以潜之，酸以收之，浓味以填之，或用清上
实下之法。若思虑烦劳，身心过动，风阳内扰，则营热心悸，惊怖不寐，胁中动跃。治以酸枣仁汤、补心丹、
枕中丹，清营中之热，佐以敛摄神志。若因动怒郁勃，痰火风交炽，则有二陈、龙荟。风木过动，必犯中宫，
则呕吐不食，法用泄肝安胃，或填补阳明。他如辛甘化风、甘酸化阴、清金平木，种种治法，未能备叙。然肝
风一证，患者甚多，从古无此病名，医每忽略，特为拈出，以便后学考核云。○肝为风木之脏，将军之官，性
急而动，故肝脏之病，较之他脏为多，而于妇女尤甚。肝病必犯土，是侮其所胜也。本脏见证，仲景云∶厥阴
之为病，消渴，气上撞心，心中疼热，饥不欲食，食则吐蛔。又《内经》所载肝病，难以尽述。大概其脉
必弦，胁或胀或痛，偏寒偏热，或先厥后热。若一犯胃，则干呕吐酸，脘痞不食；克脾则腹胀肢麻，便或溏或
不爽。治法有阴阳虚实之殊。若肝阴胃汁未亏，肝阳亢逆犯胃，用药则远柔用刚，泄肝如吴萸、椒、桂，通胃
如半夏、姜、附，加益智、枳、朴等，则兼运脾阳。中虚必用人参，如大半夏汤、附子粳米汤、进退黄连；泻
心、治中，温胆等汤是也。若肝阴胃汁已虚，木火炽盛，风阳
扰胃，用药忌刚用柔。养肝则阿胶、生地、白芍、麻仁、木瓜，养胃则人参、麦冬、粳米。至于平治之法，则
刚柔寒热兼用，乌梅丸、安胃丸、逍遥散。若四君、六君、异功、戊己，则必加泄肝之品。用桑叶、丹皮者，
桑叶轻清，清泄少阳之气热，丹皮苦辛，清泄肝胆之血热。用金铃子散者，川楝苦寒，直泄肝阳，延胡专理气
滞血涩之痛。如呕吐不食，胁胀脘痞，医者但认为脾胃之病，不知实由肝邪所致。且世人但知风、劳、鼓、膈
为四大证，不知土败木贼，延至不救者多矣。（《临证指南》）
[Classic Theory]
All wind diseases characterized by tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver. ○ The East generates Wind, and Wind generates Wood. (From *Suwen*)
[Masters' Discourse]
The *Classic* states: All wind diseases characterized by tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver. The Liver governs Wind, and Wind is characterized by movement. The Spleen governs the four limbs; the four limbs are the root of all Yang meridians. When Wood Qi (Liver Qi) stirs them, movement occurs. This is referred to as "wind invading the extremities causing disease." If this syndrome occurs in young adults, it belongs to extreme heat generating wind; if it occurs after illness or in the elderly, it belongs to the deficiency of blood failing to nourish the sinews. (From *Zhangshi Yitong*)
The Liver is the organ of Wind and Wood, with Ministerial Fire residing within. Its substance is Yin, while its function is Yang. Its nature is rigid, governing movement and ascending. It relies entirely on Kidney Water to nourish it, Blood to moisten it, the descending and purifying command of Lung Metal to level it, and the thick and abundant Earth Qi of the Middle Jiao to cultivate it. In this way, the rigid quality becomes a soft and flexible body, complying with its nature of free flow and flourishing. How could there be disease! However, if Body Fluids are deficient, Liver Yin is insufficient, dryness in the Blood generates Heat, and excessive Heat causes Wind-Yang to ascend. The orifices and collaterals become blocked, leading to unclear head and eyes, vertigo, and falling. Severe cases may result in convulsions (*Jingluo*, 筋挛), spasms, and coma. Treatment should soothe the Liver's urgency to extinguish wind, and nourish Kidney fluids to drive out heat. Formulas such as *Hujian Wan* (Tiger Crouching Pill), *Dihuang Yinzi* (Rehmannia Decoction), and *Fumai Tang* (Pulse-Regulating Decoction) are used. These employ shell-based substances to subdue, sour substances to astringe, and rich/heavy substances to fill. Alternatively, methods of clearing the upper and solidifying the lower may be used. If due to excessive mental worry and fatigue, causing overexertion of body and mind, internal disturbance of Wind-Yang leads to Ying-level fever, palpitations, fear, insomnia, and throbbing in the hypochondrium. Treatment uses *Suanzaoren Tang* (Ziziphus Decoction), *Buxin Dan* (Heart-Nourishing Pill), and *Zhenzhong Dan* (Brain-Fortifying Pill) to clear Ying-level heat and assist in calming and gathering the Shen (Spirit). If due to anger and depression, where Phlegm-Fire and Wind blaze together, *Erchen Tang* (Two-Cured Decoction) or *Longdan Xiegan Tang* (Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver) may be used. Excessive movement of Wind-Wood must invade the Middle Jiao (Spleen/Stomach), leading to vomiting and anorexia. The method involves draining the Liver to calm the Stomach, or tonifying the Yangming Stomach. Other methods such as transforming wind with acrid-sweet herbs, transforming Yin with sweet-sour herbs, and clearing Metal to level Wood are too numerous to list exhaustively. However, regarding the syndrome of Liver Wind, patients are numerous. Since ancient times, there has been no specific disease name for this, and physicians often overlook it. It is specifically highlighted here for future scholars to examine. ○ The Liver is the organ of Wind-Wood, known as the "General Officer." Its nature is impatient and prone to movement. Therefore, Liver diseases are more frequent than those of other organs, especially in women. Liver disease inevitably invades Earth (Spleen), which is insulting what it normally controls. Manifestations of the primary organ, according to Zhang Zhongjing: The disease of the Jueyin Meridian includes thirst, Qi rushing up to strike the heart, pain and burning sensation in the chest, hunger without desire to eat, and vomiting roundworms after eating. Furthermore, the Liver diseases described in the *Neijing* cannot be fully enumerated. Generally, the pulse must be Wiry (Xian), with distension or pain in the hypochondrium, tendencies toward cold or heat, or initial cold followed by heat. If it invades the Stomach, there is dry heaving, acid regurgitation, epigastric fullness, and anorexia; if it attacks the Spleen, there is abdominal distension, limb numbness, and loose or unsatisfactory stools. Treatment methods differ based on Yin/Yang and Deficiency/Excess. If Liver Yin and Stomach Juice are not yet depleted, but Liver Yang is hyperactive and invading the Stomach, medications should avoid soft/moistening agents and use rigid/drying ones. To drain the Liver, use Evodia (Wuzhuyu), Zanthoxylum (Huajiao), and Cinnamon (Guizhi); to unblock the Stomach, use Pinellia (Banxia), Ginger (Shengjiang), and Aconite (Fuzi). Adding Alpinia Oxyphylla (Yizhiren), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi), and Magnolia Bark (Houpo) also helps transport Spleen Yang. For central deficiency, Ginseng (Renshen) is essential, as seen in formulas like *Dabanxia Tang* (Major Pinellia Decoction), *Fuzi Jingmi Tang* (Aconite and Rice Decoction), *Jintui Huanglian Tang* (Advance-Retreat Coptis Decoction), *Xiexin Tang* (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction), *Zhizhong Tang* (Regulate the Middle Decoction), and *Wendan Tang* (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction). If Liver Yin and Stomach Juice are already deficient, and Wood-Fire is blazing with Wind-Yang disturbing the Stomach, medications should avoid rigidity and use softness. To nourish the Liver, use Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Rehmannia Root (Shengdi), White Peony Root (Baishao), Hemp Seed (Maren), and Quince (Mugua); to nourish the Stomach, use Ginseng (Renshen), Ophiopogon (Maidong), and Rice (Jingmi). For balanced treatment, rigid/soft and cold/hot agents are combined, such as *Wumei Wan* (Mume Pill), *Anwei Wan* (Stomach-Calming Pill), and *Xiaoyao San* (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder). For *Sijunzi Tang* (Four Gentlemen Decoction), *Lijunzi Tang* (Six Gentlemen Decoction), *Yigong San* (Extraordinary Skill Powder), or *Wuji Wan* (Earth-Liver Pill), ingredients that drain the Liver must be added. When using Mulberry Leaf (Sangye) and Moutan Cortex (Danpi): Mulberry leaf is light and clear, clearing Qi-heat of the Shaoyang meridian; Moutan cortex is bitter and acrid, clearing Blood-heat of the Liver and Gallbladder. When using *Jinlingzi San* (Melia Dispersion): Melia Fruit (Chuanlianzi) is bitter and cold, directly draining Liver Yang; Corydalis Rhizome (Yanhusuo) specifically regulates pain from Qi stagnation and Blood stasis. If vomiting, anorexia, hypochondriac distension, and epigastric fullness occur, physicians may mistakenly attribute them solely to Spleen-Stomach disease, unaware that they are actually caused by pathogenic factors from the Liver. Moreover, people only know Wind, Consumption, Drum-Tympany, and Dysphagia as the four major severe syndromes, not realizing that many cases of Earth failure and Wood aggression (Spleen deficiency with Liver invasion) progress to incurable stages. (From *Linzheng Zhinan Yian*)