煎厥
阳气者，烦劳则张，精绝，辟积于夏，使人煎厥。○少气善怒者，阳气不治，阳气不治，则阳气不得出。
肝气当治而未得，故善怒。善怒者，名曰煎厥。（《素问》）
烦劳，烦扰也。烦扰乎阳，则阳气张大而火炎矣。火炎则水干，故令精绝。是以迁延辟积至于夏月，内
外皆热，则火益炽而精益亏。孤阳厥逆，如煎如熬，故曰煎厥。○阳气不治者，阳气不舒也。肝气当治而未得
者，木性不得条达也。肝志怒，故善怒煎厥者，怒志煎熬厥逆也。（吴鹤皋）
薄厥
阳气者，大怒则形气绝，而血菀于上，使人薄厥。（《素问》）
阳气宜于冲和，不宜大怒。怒为肝志，肝者，藏血之脏，故怒则气逆于肝，迫血上行，而菀积于胸中矣。
搏，雷风相搏之搏，邪正摩荡之名；厥，亦气逆也。（吴鹤皋）
痤痱
汗出见湿，乃生痤痱。○劳汗当风，寒薄为 ，郁乃痤。（《素问》）
汗方出，则元府开，湿留肤腠，甚者为痤，微者为痱。痤，疖也；痱，疹也。（《类经》）
大偻
阳气者，精则养神，柔则养筋。开阖不得，寒气从之，乃生大偻。（《素问》）
开，谓皮腠发泄；阖，谓元府封密。开阖失宜，为寒所袭，则不能柔养乎筋。而筋拘急，形容偻俯矣。（吴鹤皋）
风消
二阳之病发心脾，有不得隐曲，女子不月，其传为风消。（《素问》）
二阳者，足阳明胃经也。此病由心脾所发，正以女子有不得隐曲之事，郁之于心，故心不能生血，血不
能养脾，始焉胃有所受，脾不能运化，继则胃渐不纳受矣，故知胃病发于心脾也。由是则水谷衰少，无以化精
微之气，而血脉遂枯，月事不能时下矣。血枯气郁而热生，热极则风生，而肌肉消烁，故谓之风消。（马元台）
隐曲
太阳之胜，凝栗且至，非时水冰，羽乃后化。痔疟发，寒厥入胃，则内生心痛。阴中乃疡，隐曲不利，
互引阴股，筋肉拘苛，血脉凝泣，络满色变，或为血泄。○太阴在泉，客胜则足痿下重，便溲不时。湿客下焦，
发而濡泻，及为肿、隐曲之疾。主胜则寒气逆满，食欲不下，甚则为疝。○肾风之状，多汗恶风，面庞然浮肿，
脊痛不能正立，其色 ，隐曲不利。○三阴三阳俱搏，心腹满，发尽，不得隐曲，五日死。○二阳之病发心脾，
有不得隐曲，女子不月。（《素问》）
不得隐曲，阳道病也。隐曲二字，本经见者凡五，皆指阳道为言，以类察之，可得其义。（《类经》）
心掣
一阳发病，少气、善咳、善泄，其传为心掣。（《素问》）
心掣，心引而动也。心不易受邪，在五行为火。胆与三焦之
火既炽，则同气相求，必归于心，心引而动，名曰心掣。（吴鹤皋）
结阳
结阳者，肿四肢。（《素问》）
结，谓热结也。外为阳，热盛则肿，而况四肢又为诸阳之本乎？（《内经拾遗》）
结阴
结阴者，便血一升，再结二升，三结三升。（《素问》）
结，谓热结也。内为阴，血得热则行，渗入肠间，故大便下血，结以渐而加，则血以渐而甚。（《内经拾遗》）
厥疝
黄脉之至也，大而虚，有积气在腹中，有厥气，名曰厥疝。女子同法，得之疾使四肢，汗出当风。（《素问》）
脾色黄，黄脉之至，犹言脾脉之至也。脾脉之来，大而且虚，必有积气在于腹，有厥逆之气，名曰厥疝。
不特男子有之，女子诊法相同，以风气通于肝，木盛而克土也。（《内经拾遗》）
心疝
诊得心脉而急，病名心疝，少腹当有形也。心为牡脏，小肠为之使，故曰少腹当有形也。○心脉搏滑急，
为心疝。（《素问》）
心脉急，少腹有形者，心不受邪，受邪必传于腑，故少腹有形也。心气逆而不顺，当痛不已。此证当兼心
气治，不止为寒所中也。（《宣明论》）
搏与急，皆阴也；滑，阳也。阳内阴外，见于心部，则为心疝。（吴鹤皋）
解
冬脉太过，则令人解 。脊脉痛而少气，不欲言。○尺脉缓涩，谓之解 。○足少阳之疟，令人身体解 。
寒不甚，热不甚，恶见人，见人心惕惕然，热多汗出甚。刺足少阳。○刺骨无伤髓，
髓伤则销铄， 酸，体解 然不去矣。（《素问》）
解 一证，由肝、肾二经之虚。盖肝主筋、肾主骨，肝虚则筋软而无力以束周，身肌肉皆涣散而若解；
肾虚则骨痿而不能自强，遍体骨节皆松懈而多 ，故恹恹悒悒。若有不可以为人，并不自知所以为人者，则肝、
肾二经之虚为已极矣。（沈金鳌）
解，懈也； ，迹也。谓不耐烦劳形迹困倦也。寒不甚，热不甚者，病在半表半里也。见人惕惕然者，
邪在胆也。少阳为木火之经，故热多而汗出甚也。○髓为骨之充、精之属也。精髓受伤，故为干枯消铄 酸等
病。解 者，懈怠困弱之名，阴之虚也。阴虚则气虚，气虚则不能举动，是谓不去也。（《类经》）
蛊
脾传之肾病，名曰疝瘕。少腹冤热而痛，出白，一名曰蛊。（《素问》）
脾受风邪，传于肾经，邪热内烁，故其证少腹冤热而痛。真精不守，故其证溲出白液。病曰蛊者，以邪热
内烁，真精不守，久而弗治，适以丧志也。水之精为志，丧则精从之。《左传》谓惑以丧志为蛊者如此。（《圣济总录》）
白淫
思想无穷，所愿不得，意淫于外，入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，及为白淫。（《素问》）
思想无穷，所愿不得，意淫于外，则伤脾。入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，则伤肝。肝伤则无血以养筋，故发为筋
痿；脾伤则土不足以胜湿，故发为白淫。白淫，今之浊带也。（吴鹤皋）
螈
肾传之心病，筋脉相引而急，病名曰 。（《素问》）
精属肾，筋属肝，脉属心。精盛则滋育诸筋，荣灌诸脉，故筋脉和柔。今也风客于肾，病蛊出白，则精
已亏矣。《经》所谓风客淫气精乃亡，邪伤肝者如此，其筋脉燥急相引而 是也。（《圣济总录》）
劳风
劳风发在肺下，其为病也，使人强上冥视，唾出若涕，恶风而振寒，此为劳风之病。治之奈何、以救俯仰？
巨阳引精者三日，中年者五日，不精者七日，咳出青黄涕，其状如脓，大如弹丸，从口中若鼻中出，不出则伤
肺，伤肺则死也。（《素问》）
风为百病之长，热为六气之邪，俱易伤人。热甚则能食气，风甚则数变非常。盖人身之气，惟肾生之，
惟肺主之。气化于精，精生于气。肺主皮毛而属金，火烁流金，故曰食气。风动火炎，烁金尤易，所以腠理外
干风邪，则肺壅不通，高源先竭，矧兼食气之热耶？人知风寒为害，思患预防，至若风热为患，或因热生风，
或因风鼓热，人所不防者也。其始不过鼻塞声重，或恶风，或不恶风，或身热无汗，或干咳无痰，或喉痛头痛，
斯时略进甘桔、僵蚕、牛蒡、薄荷等类，风热消化，引精咳出稠涕，数日自愈。若视为泛常，不向医药，不慎
口腹，恣肆房帷，直至热邪内结，致成喉痹、牙疳者有之；热结巅顶，头风灌目而瞽者有之；填塞阳明少阳，
纠结听会而聋者有之；由胆移热于脑，而成鼻渊者有之；头面 肿，五官闭塞，致成骨槽风者有之；颈项粗大，
而成虾蟆瘟者有之；结聚不解，而为瘰 者有之；热移大肠，痔漏者有之。至于风热相搏，结而不化，久咳无
痰，以致动血。医者见其咳血，便云有火；见其发热便云阴虚。不审此火何来，阴虚何自，非滋阴降火，即保
肺敛阴，甚至明知其有外因，犹必执定夺血毋汗之成竹于胸中，不思虚火宜滋，贼火亦宜滋乎？滋敛无休，嗽
热日甚，脏腑递损，声音喑哑，肺痿而死；脓血杂至，胸背隐痛，甲错侧卧，肺痈而死。俗云∶伤风不愈变成
劳，其实医者有以成之也。世之病劳者，真劳本不多见，大率皆由于此。经衣冠文物明言之，何不察也？按巨阳者，
即太阳。皮毛腠理，肺之合也。引精者，上引津液而为痰涕也。不精者，老弱之人也。大概少壮之人，止须三
日，便可引精为痰；中年则阴气自半，生
化日迟；若老弱则殆甚耳。治法当于肺下求之，不外清散润下。温补之误犹可修，维滋敛之误绝无可救。（曹恒占）
阴阳交
有病温者，汗出辄复热，而脉躁疾，不为汗衰，狂言不能食，病名阴阳交，交者死也。（《素问》）
发热脉燥，病温之证。汗出而复热，脉躁不为汗衰，则汗非阳邪，乃阴液交出于阳耳。而狂言不能食，是
又阳邪交入于阴，是邪益深而正益负，故为死征也。（吴鹤皋）
风厥
有病身热汗出，烦满不为汗解，此为何病？汗出而身热者，风也；汗出而烦满不解者，厥也，病名曰风厥。
○一阴发病，主惊骇背痛，善噫善欠，名曰风厥。（《素问》）
风，热邪也；厥，气上逆也。○一阴，谓手厥阴心包、足厥阴肝也。心为火、肝为风，风火交作，则为惊
骇。心脉出属心包，在膺背之间，故背痛。五气所病，心为噫，故善噫。欠，曲引肢体之名，木曲之象也。是
皆风火逆而为患，故曰风厥也。（吴鹤皋）
重强
脾脉不及，则令人九窍不通，名曰重强。（《素问》）
重强，言邪胜也。（吴鹤皋）
跛
跛，风、寒、湿之病也。（《素问》）
足前点步曰 ，一足偏引曰跛，此风、寒、湿三者为病也。（吴鹤皋）
痹气
人身非衣寒也，中非有寒气也，寒从中生者何？是人多痹气也。阳气少，阴气多，故身寒如水中出。（《素问》）
阳虚生外寒，阴盛生内寒，人身阴阳偏胜，则生寒热，不必外伤于邪气也。痹气内寒者，以痹气而血不
能运，阳虚而阴自胜，
故血凝泣而脉不通，身寒如从水中出也。（《圣济总录》）
骨痹
人有身寒，汤火不能热，浓衣不能温，然不冻栗，是为何病？是人者，素肾气胜，以水为事，太阳气衰，
肾脂枯不长，一水不能胜两火。肾者，水也，而生于骨，肾不生，则髓不能满，故寒甚至骨也。所以不能冻栗
者，肝一阳也，心二阳也，肾孤脏也，一水不能胜二火，故不能冻栗。病名曰骨痹，是人当挛节也。（《素问》）
骨者肾之余，髓者精之所充也。肾水流行，则水满而骨强。迨夫天癸亏而凝涩，则肾脂不长。肾脂不长，
则水涸而气不行，骨乃痹而身乃寒也。虽寒不为冻栗者，盖肝、心二气为阳火，一水不能胜之，特为骨寒而已。
当挛节者，以髓少而筋燥，故挛缩而急矣。（《圣济总录》）
肉苛
人之肉苛者，虽近衣絮，犹尚苛也，是谓何疾？营气虚，卫气实也。营气虚则不仁；卫气虚则不用；营卫
俱虚则不仁且不用，肉如故也。（《素问》）
血为营，气为卫，气血流通，则肌肉无不仁之疾。及营气虚，卫气实，则血脉凝涩，肉虽如故，而 重为
苛也。（《圣济总录》）
涌水
肺移寒于肾为涌水。涌水者，按腹不坚，水气客于大肠，疾行则鸣濯濯，如囊裹浆水之状也。（《素问》）
肾为肺之子而主水，大肠为肺之腑而为传道之官。肺受寒邪，则传于肾，肾受寒邪，则水闭郁而不流，水
无所归，则客于大肠而不下。且水性流下，今乃客于大肠，不得宣通，故其涌溢如囊裹浆水也。（《圣济总录》）
口糜
膀胱移热于小肠，隔肠不便，上为口糜。（《素问》）
小肠之脉，循咽、下膈、抵胃。热气厥逆，膀胱移热于小肠，胃之水谷不得传输，于是下则秘塞不通，
上则口疮糜烂也。大抵肠胃壅热，自必熏蒸于上，未可概用敷病，当求其本而治之。（《圣济总录》）
瘕
小肠移热于大肠，为 瘕。（《素问》）
小肠者，受盛之官，化物出焉。大肠者，传道之官，变化出焉。二者皆以传化为事。今也小肠受热，移
于大肠，则阴气虚而津液耗，津液既耗，不能滑利，故糟粕内结而为瘕聚。肠间菀结，大便秘涩是也。（《圣济总录》）
食亦
大肠移热于胃，善食而瘦，谓之食亦。胃移热于胆，亦曰食亦。（《素问》）
胃为水谷之海，胃冲和，则食饮有节，气血盛而肤革充盈。若乃胃受邪热，销铄谷气，不能变化精血，
故善食而人瘦也。病名食亦，言虽能食亦若饥也。胃移热于胆亦曰食亦，以胆为阳木，热气乘之，则铄土而消
谷也。（《圣济总录》）
衄
胆移热于脑，则辛 鼻渊，传为衄 瞑目。（《素问》）
鼻中出血，谓之衄 。盛者为衄，微者为 。失血既多，目无所养，又以移热灼其阴精，故令人瞑目。（吴鹤皋）
血枯
有病胸胁支满者，妨于食，病至则先闻腥臊臭，出清液，先唾血，四肢清，目眩，时时前、后血，病名
血枯。此得之年少时有所大脱血。若醉入房中，气竭及伤肝也，肝伤，故月事衰少不来也。（《素问》）
妇人血枯经闭，此病得之年少时有所大脱血，如唾血、时时
前后血便是。若酒醉入房，气因之而竭，肝因之而伤，故月事衰少不来也。（《内经拾遗》）
伏梁
病有少腹盛，上下左右皆有根，病名曰伏梁。裹大脓血，居肠胃之外，不可治，治之每切按之致死。（《素问》）
Jian Jue (Frying Syncope)
When Yang Qi is overexerted and becomes hyperactive due to excessive labor, it leads to the exhaustion of Essence. If this condition accumulates into summer, it causes Jian Jue (Frying Syncope). ○ A person with shortness of breath and prone to anger suffers from disordered Yang Qi; when Yang Qi is disordered, it cannot be properly dispersed. When Liver Qi should regulate but fails to do so, anger ensues. This state of frequent anger is termed Jian Jue (Frying Syncope) (*Su Wen*).
"Fan Lao" refers to mental disturbance. Disturbance affecting Yang causes Yang Qi to expand excessively, leading to blazing fire. Blazing fire dries up water, thus causing Essence exhaustion. Therefore, if prolonged and accumulated until summer, internal and external heat intensify, further depleting Essence. Solitary Yang rebels, feeling as if being fried or boiled, hence called Jian Jue. ○ "Yang Qi not regulated" means Yang Qi is not free-flowing. "Liver Qi failing to regulate" means the nature of Wood fails to extend freely. The emotion of anger belongs to the Liver, hence frequent anger. Jian Jue refers to syncope caused by the煎熬 (torment/boiling) effect of anger. (Wu Hegao)
Bo Jue (Thudding Syncope)
When Yang Qi is subjected to extreme anger, the form and Qi become severed, and blood stagnates in the upper body, causing Bo Jue (Thudding Syncope) (*Su Wen*).
Yang Qi should be balanced and mild, not subject to extreme anger. Anger is the emotion of the Liver, which stores blood. Thus, anger causes Qi to rebel in the Liver, forcing blood upward to stagnate in the chest. "Bo" refers to the collision of thunder and wind, symbolizing the struggle between pathogenic factors and healthy Qi; "Jue" also signifies rebellious Qi. (Wu Hegao)
Cuo Fei (Acne and Prickly Heat)
Sweating while exposed to dampness generates Cuo (acne/furuncles) and Fei (prickly heat/rash) (*Su Wen*).
○ Sweating during labor and exposure to wind, where cold presses upon it, causes Fei; stagnation causes Cuo.
When sweat is just emerging, the Yuan Fu (pores) are open. Dampness remains in the skin and interstices. Severe cases result in Cuo (furuncles); mild cases result in Fei (rashes). Cuo refers to boils; Fei refers to rashes. (*Lei Jing*)
Da Lou (Severe Stiffness/Hunchback)
Yang Qi nourishes the Spirit when pure and softens the sinews when flexible. If the opening and closing mechanisms fail, Cold Qi enters, causing Da Lou (severe stiffness or hunchback) (*Su Wen*).
"Opening" refers to the venting of skin and interstices; "Closing" refers to the sealing of Yuan Fu (pores). Failure of opening and closing allows Cold invasion, preventing the softening and nourishment of sinews. Sinews become cramped, leading to a stooped posture. (Wu Hegao)
Feng Xiao (Wind Emaciation)
Diseases of the Two Yang (Yangming) originate in the Heart and Spleen. With unexpressible distress, women may experience amenorrhea, which transmits to become Feng Xiao (Wind Emaciation) (*Su Wen*).
Two Yang refers to the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This disease originates from the Heart and Spleen. Specifically, for women, unexpressible distress stagnates in the Heart, preventing the Heart from generating Blood. Without Blood nourishing the Spleen, initially the Stomach receives food, but the Spleen fails to transform and transport. Subsequently, the Stomach loses its ability to receive. Thus, stomach disease originates from Heart and Spleen issues. Consequently, food and water decrease, failing to generate subtle Qi, leading to dried-up blood vessels and irregular menstruation. Blood dryness and Qi stagnation generate heat; extreme heat generates wind, causing muscle emaciation, hence named Feng Xiao. (Ma Yuantai)
Yin Qu (Unexpressible Distress/Erectile Dysfunction)
When Taiyang Qi prevails, there is rigidity and premature freezing of water; birds hatch late. Hemorrhoidal malaria occurs; cold rebellion enters the Stomach, causing internal heart pain. Ulcers occur in the yin region, Yin Qu dysfunction arises, pulling on the inner thighs, muscles and sinews become rigid, blood vessels stagnate, collaterals are full and change color, or bleeding occurs. ○ When Taiyin is in the泉 (subterranean position), guest excess causes foot atrophy and heaviness, and irregular urination/defecation. Dampness lodging in the lower jiao causes diarrhea and swelling, as well as Yin Qu disorders. Host excess causes reverse flow of cold Qi and fullness, loss of appetite, and severe cases lead to hernia. ○ Kidney Wind symptoms include profuse sweating, aversion to wind, puffy facial edema, back pain preventing standing upright, dark complexion, and Yin Qu dysfunction. ○ When all three Yin and three Yang pulses pulse together, abdominal fullness develops, disease reaches its peak, Yin Qu dysfunction occurs, death follows in five days. ○ Diseases of the Two Yang originate in the Heart and Spleen, with unexpressible distress, and women suffer amenorrhea. (*Su Wen*)
"Unable to express Yin Qu" refers to disorders of the Yang pathway (sexual function). The term "Yin Qu" appears five times in the classic, always referring to sexual dysfunction. By analogy, its meaning can be understood. (*Lei Jing*)
Xin Che (Heart Palpitation/Tugging)
When One Yang is affected, symptoms include shortness of breath, frequent coughing, and frequent diarrhea. Its transmission results in Xin Che (Heart Tugging/Palpitation) (*Su Wen*).
Xin Che refers to the Heart being pulled or tugged. The Heart rarely accepts pathogens directly; in the Five Elements, it corresponds to Fire. When the Fire of the Gallbladder and Sanjiao becomes excessive, similar energies attract, directing the pathogen to the Heart. The Heart is pulled and moves, named Xin Che. (Wu Hegao)
Jie Yang (Stagnation of Yang)
Those with Jie Yang suffer from swelling of the four limbs (*Su Wen*).
"Jie" refers to heat stagnation. The exterior is Yang; excessive heat causes swelling. How much more so since the four limbs are the root of all Yang? (*Neijing Shiyi*)
Jie Yin (Stagnation of Yin)
Those with Jie Yin pass one sheng of blood in stool; if Jie Yin recurs twice, two sheng are passed; if thrice, three sheng are passed (*Su Wen*).
"Jie" refers to heat stagnation. The interior is Yin. Blood heated by pathogenic heat flows rapidly and seeps into the intestines, causing hematochezia. As Jie Yin gradually worsens, bleeding increases progressively. (*Neijing Shiyi*)
Jue Shan (Rebellious Hernia)
When the Huang Pulse arrives, large and empty, with accumulated Qi in the abdomen and rebellious Qi, it is named Jue Shan (Rebellious Hernia). Women present similarly, caused by exhausting the four limbs and sweating while exposed to wind (*Su Wen*).
The spleen's color is yellow. The arrival of the Huang Pulse indicates the Spleen Pulse. When the Spleen Pulse arrives, large and empty, there must be accumulated Qi in the abdomen and rebellious Qi, named Jue Shan. This applies to women as well, as wind energy connects to the Liver; excessive Wood attacks Earth. (*Neijing Shiyi*)
Xin Shan (Heart Hernia)
Palpating a rapid and tight Heart Pulse indicates Xin Shan (Heart Hernia), with a palpable mass in the lower abdomen. The Heart is a Yang organ, and the Small Intestine serves it; thus, a mass appears in the lower abdomen. ○ A slippery and urgent Heart Pulse indicates Xin Shan (*Su Wen*).
A tight Heart Pulse with a lower abdominal mass indicates that the Heart does not accept pathogens directly; pathogens transmit to the fu organs, causing the lower abdominal mass. Rebellious Heart Qi causes persistent pain. Treatment should address Heart Qi, not just cold invasion. (*Xuan Ming Lun*)
"Bo" (collision) and "Ji" (tightness) are Yin manifestations; "Hua" (slippery) is Yang. Yang inside and Yin outside appearing in the Heart region indicates Xin Shan. (Wu Hegao)
Xie Xie (Flaccidity/Lethargy)
Excessive Winter Pulse causes Xie Xie (flaccidity/lethargy). Spinal pain, shortness of breath, and reluctance to speak. ○ Slow and choppy Chi Pulse indicates Xie Xue. ○ Shaoyang Malaria causes bodily flaccidity. Mild cold, mild fever, aversion to people, anxiety upon seeing others, profuse sweating with heat. Treat by needling Shaoyang. ○ Needling bone should not damage marrow; damaged marrow leads to wasting, soreness, and persistent flaccidity (*Su Wen*).
Xie Xie syndrome stems from deficiency in the Liver and Kidney meridians. The Liver governs sinews, and the Kidneys govern bones. Liver deficiency leads to weak sinews unable to constrain the body, causing muscles to relax; Kidney deficiency leads to bone weakness and loose joints with soreness, resulting in depression and lethargy. "Xie" means slack; "Xie" (trace/mark) implies weariness. It denotes intolerance to labor and fatigue. Mild cold and fever indicate half-exterior/half-interior disease. Anxiety indicates pathogen in the Gallbladder. Shaoyang is Wood-Fire meridian, hence heat and sweating. Marrow fills bones; injury causes wasting and soreness. Xie Xie denotes slackness and weakness due to Yin deficiency. Yin deficiency leads to Qi deficiency, inability to move, termed "bu qu" (not leaving/staying). (*Lei Jing*)
Gu (Gu Worm/Poisoning)
Transmission from Spleen to Kidney is named Shan Xia. Lower abdominal burning pain and discharge of white fluid, also named Gu (*Su Wen*).
Wind pathogen invading the Spleen transmits to the Kidney meridian. Internal heat scorches, causing lower abdominal burning pain. Loss of true Essence causes white urinary discharge. Named Gu because internal heat scorches and Essence is lost; if untreated, it damages the Will (Zhi). Water's essence is Zhi; losing Zhi loses Essence. *Zuo Zhuan* states confusion damaging Zhi is Gu. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Bai Yin (White Turbidity/Leukorrhea)
Endless thoughts, unfulfilled desires, mental lust, and excessive intercourse cause tendon collapse (Jin Wei) and Bai Yin (*Su Wen*).
Endless thoughts and unfulfilled desires injure the Spleen. Excessive intercourse flaccidifies the Zong Jin (converging sinews), injuring the Liver. Liver injury means no Blood to nourish sinews, causing Jin Wei; Spleen injury means Earth cannot control Dampness, causing Bai Yin. Bai Yin refers to current turbid leukorrhea. (Wu Hegao)
Chou (Convulsion/Spasm)
Transmission from Kidney to Heart causes sinews and vessels to pull and tighten, named Chou (*Su Wen*).
Essence belongs to Kidney, sinews to Liver, vessels to Heart. Abundant Essence nourishes sinews and vessels, keeping them flexible. Now, wind lodges in the Kidney, disease Gu with white discharge indicates Essence depletion. As the Classic says, wind invading and disturbing Qi destroys Essence, and evil injuring the Liver causes sinews and vessels to dry, tighten, and spasm. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Lao Feng (Labor Wind)
Lao Feng originates below the Lung. Symptoms include stiff neck, blurred vision, thick sputum, aversion to wind, and chills. How to treat to restore flexion and extension? Those with strong Jing recover in three days via Juyang guiding Jing; middle-aged in five days; those without Jing in seven days. Coughing out green-yellow sputum like pus, size of a pellet, from mouth or nose. If not expelled, Lung is injured, leading to death (*Su Wen*).
Wind is the chief of hundred diseases; heat is a pathogenic factor of the six qi. Both harm humans. Extreme heat consumes Qi; extreme wind causes sudden changes. Human Qi is generated by Kidney and governed by Lung. Qi transforms from Jing; Jing is born from Qi. Lung governs skin/hair and belongs to Metal. Fire melts Metal, hence "consuming Qi." Wind moving fire easily melts Metal. External wind dries pores, blocking Lung, exhausting the high source, especially with consuming heat. People prevent wind-cold, but often neglect wind-heat. Initially: nasal congestion, aversion to wind, fever without sweat, dry cough, sore throat/headache. Early treatment with licorice, kanzhi, bofang, mint resolves wind-heat, guides Jing out as thick sputum, self-heals in days. Ignoring this leads to internal heat binding: throat bi, gum rot, head wind blinding eyes, Yangming/Shaoyang blockage deafness, gallbladder heat to brain causing bi yuan, facial swelling bone槽风, neck swelling mumps, scrofula, hemorrhoids/fistulas. Wind-heat binding causes chronic cough and bleeding. Physicians see bleeding and say "fire"; see fever and say "Yin deficiency." They fail to examine the origin of fire/Yin deficiency. They use nourishing Yin/descending fire or protecting Lung/astringing Yin, even knowing external causes, adhering to "bleeding requires no sweating." They forget that thief-fire also needs nourishing? Continuous astringing worsens cough/heat, damaging organs, leading to lung痿 (atrophy) death or lung abscess death. Folk saying: untreated wind-cold becomes consumption, actually caused by physicians. True consumption is rare; most are iatrogenic. Why ignore explicit classics? Juyang is Taiyang. Skin/pores combine with Lung. Guiding Jing means drawing fluids up as phlegm/sputum. "Not Jing" means old/weak. Young/strong recover in three days; middle-aged slower due to declining Yin; old/weak severely affected. Treatment: clear, scatter, moisten, descend below. Warming tonification errors can be corrected; nourishing/astringing errors are incurable. (Cao Hengzhan)
Yin Yang Jiao (Yin-Yang Intersection/Crisis)
In warm disease, sweating is followed immediately by fever, pulse is rapid and restless, not subsiding with sweat, delirium, inability to eat. Named Yin Yang Jiao; intersection means death (*Su Wen*).
Fever and rapid pulse indicate warm disease. Fever returning after sweating, pulse not subsiding, means sweat is not expelling Yang pathogen but leaking Yin fluid into Yang. Delirium and anorexia mean Yang pathogen entering Yin. Pathogen deepens, healthy Qi weakens, indicating fatal sign. (Wu Hegao)
Feng Jue (Wind Jue)
Body heat and sweating, irritability and fullness not relieved by sweat. What disease is this? Sweating with body heat is Wind; sweating with unresolved irritability/fullness is Jue. Named Feng Jue. ○ One Yin onset causes fright, back pain, belching, yawning, named Feng Jue (*Su Wen*).
Wind is heat pathogen; Jue is rebellious Qi. ○ One Yin refers to Hand-Jueyin Pericardium and Foot-Jueyin Liver. Heart is Fire, Liver is Wind. Wind-Fire interaction causes fright. Heart vessel belongs to Pericardium, located in chest/back, hence back pain. Heart pathology includes belching. Yawning is limb bending, image of Wood. All are Wind-Fire rebellion causing disorder, hence Feng Jue. (Wu Hegao)
Zhong Qiang (Heavy Stiffness)
Deficient Spleen Pulse causes nine orifices to be blocked, named Zhong Qiang (*Su Wen*).
Zhong Qiang means pathogen excess. (Wu Hegao)
Bi Bo (Paralysis/Lameness)
Bi Bo is disease of Wind, Cold, Dampness (*Su Wen*).
Stepping on toes is Bi; dragging one leg is Bo. Caused by Wind, Cold, Dampness. (Wu Hegao)
Bi Qi (Obstructive Qi)
Body cold not from clothing, internal cold not from external cold, why cold arises internally? Due to Bi Qi. Yang Qi deficient, Yin Qi excessive, body feels cold as if emerging from water (*Su Wen*).
Yang deficiency causes external cold; Yin excess causes internal cold. Yin-Yang imbalance causes cold/heat without external pathogen. Bi Qi internal cold: Bi Qi prevents blood circulation, Yang deficiency allows Yin dominance, blood stagnates, vessels blocked, body feels cold from within. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Gu Bi (Bone Bi)
Body cold, hot water/fire cannot warm, thick clothes cannot heat, yet no shivering. What disease? Person has strong Kidney Qi, engages in water-related work, Taiyang Qi declines, Kidney fat dries and fails to grow. One Water cannot overcome Two Fires. Kidney is Water, generates bone. If Kidney fails, marrow is insufficient, cold reaches bone. No shivering because Liver is One Yang, Heart is Two Yang, Kidney is solitary organ. One Water cannot overcome Two Fires, so no shivering. Named Gu Bi, person will have joint cramping (*Su Wen*).
Bones are surplus of Kidney; marrow is filled by Essence. Kidney Water flows, bones strengthen. When Tian Gui declines and stagnates, Kidney fat fails to grow. Water dries, Qi stops, bones become Bi, body cold. No shivering because Liver/Heart Yang Fire cannot be overcome by one Water, only bone cold. Joint cramping due to less marrow and dry sinews. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Rou Ke (Numbness/Heaviness of Flesh)
Flesh numbness/heaviness persists despite warm clothing. What disease? Ying Qi deficient, Wei Qi excessive. Ying deficiency causes numbness; Wei deficiency causes immobility; both deficient causes numbness and immobility, flesh remains unchanged (*Su Wen*).
Blood is Ying, Qi is Wei. Circulation prevents numbness. Ying deficiency, Wei excess causes blood stagnation. Flesh feels heavy and numb. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Yong Shui (Gushing Water/Ascites)
Lung transmitting cold to Kidney causes Yong Shui. Pressing abdomen is not hard. Water Qi lodges in Large Intestine, gurgling when walking fast, like bag holding soup (*Su Wen*).
Kidney is Lung's child, governs water. Large Intestine is Lung's partner, governs transmission. Lung cold transmits to Kidney; Kidney cold blocks water flow. Water has nowhere to go, lodges in Large Intestine. Water flows down, but lodged here cannot diffuse, gurgling like bagged soup. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Kou Mi (Mouth Ulcers)
Bladder transmitting heat to Small Intestine, blocking bowels, causes mouth ulcers above (*Su Wen*).
Small Intestine vessel follows throat, crosses diaphragm, reaches Stomach. Heat rebels, Bladder heat transfers to Small Intestine. Stomach food/water cannot transmit. Downward blockage, upward mouth ulcers. Generally, gut heat steams upward. Do not just apply topical meds; treat the root. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Chang Jia (Intestinal Mass)
Small Intestine transmitting heat to Large Intestine causes Chang Jia (*Su Wen*).
Small Intestine receives and transforms; Large Intestine transmits and changes. Both handle transformation. Small Intestine heat transfers to Large Intestine, Yin Qi deficient, fluids consumed. Fluids dry, cannot lubricate, feces bind forming masses. Intestinal stagnation, constipation. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Shi Yi (Eating Without Gaining Weight)
Large Intestine transmitting heat to Stomach causes polyphagia and emaciation, named Shi Yi. Stomach transmitting heat to Gallbladder also named Shi Yi (*Su Wen*).
Stomach is sea of food/water. Balanced Stomach regulates eating, generates Qi/Blood, fills skin. Stomach heat consumes grain Qi, fails to transform into blood, causing polyphagia and thinness. Shi Yi means eating yet feeling hungry. Stomach heat to Gallbladder (Yang Wood) burns Earth and digests grain. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Nu Mie (Noseble/Epistaxis)
Gallbladder transmitting heat to Brain causes sinusitis (Bi Yuan), transmitting to Nu Mie (noseble) and blindness (*Su Wen*).
Noseble is Nu Mie. Heavy is Nu, light is Mie. Massive blood loss deprives eyes of nourishment; transferred heat burns Yin Essence, causing blindness. (Wu Hegao)
Xue Ku (Blood Dryness/Amenorrhea)
Chest/flank fullness, difficulty eating, smelling fishy odor, clear discharge, spitting blood, cold limbs, dizziness, frequent anterior/posterior bleeding. Named Xue Ku. Caused by massive blood loss in youth. Or drunken intercourse, Qi exhaustion, Liver injury. Liver injury causes amenorrhea (*Su Wen*).
Women's Xue Ku amenorrhea caused by past massive blood loss (spitting blood, frequent bleeding). Drunken intercourse exhausts Qi, injures Liver, causing amenorrhea. (*Neijing Shiyi*)
Fu Liang (Hidden Beam/Abscess)
Lower abdomen distended, roots above/below/left/right. Named Fu Liang. Contains large pus/blood, outside intestines/stomach. Incurable; pressing kills (*Su Wen*).