根，病之所穷止也。伏梁，言如潜伏之桥梁，为患深着之名。此与《难经》论伏梁不同，彼为心之积，是
脏之阴气也；此为聚脓血，是阳毒也。（吴鹤皋）
风成寒中
风气与阳明入胃，循脉而上，至目内 。其人瘦，则外泄而寒，则寒中而泣出。（《素问》）
风邪客于胃中，阳明之脉，起于鼻，交 中，下循鼻外，风气循脉至于目内皆。人瘦则腠理开疏，风邪投
虚而入，故津液化而为目泪泣出也。（《圣济总录》）
风成热中
风气与阳明入胃，循脉而上，至目内 。其人肥，则风气不得外泄，则为热中而目黄。（《素问》）
风者，阳气也，善行而数变。风气客于胃中，内不得通，外不得泄，蒸郁于中，故谓之热中。然阳明之脉
起于鼻，交 中，下循鼻外，热气循入，故令人目黄也。（《圣济总录》）
脑风
风气循风府而上，则为脑风。（《素问》）
伤于风者，上先受之，故始自阳经。督脉乃阳维之会，自风府而上至脑户。脑户者，督脉、足太阳之会也。
又太阳之脉起于目内 ，上 交巅，上入络脑，今风邪客搏其经，稽而不行，则脑髓内弱，故项背怯寒而脑户
多冷也。（《圣济总录》）
首风
新沐中风，则为首风。（《素问》）
诸阳之脉皆会于头，新沐皮腠既疏，风邪乘之，客于首而病也。（《圣济总录》）
漏风
饮酒中风，则为漏风。漏风之状，或多汗，常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗喘息，恶风，衣常濡，口干
善渴，不能劳事。（《素问》）
酒所以养阳，酒入于胃，与谷气相搏，热甚于中。其气 悍，与阳气俱泄，使人腠理虚而中风，故多汗恶
风，不可单衣。其喘息而少气者，热熏于肺，风客于皮毛也。口干善渴者，汗出多而亡津液也。懈惰而不能劳
事者，精气耗竭，不能荣其四肢也。谓之漏风者，汗出不止，若气之漏也。（《圣济总录》）
胃风
胃风之状，颈多汗，恶风，食饮不下，膈塞不通，腹善满，失衣则 胀，食寒则泄，诊形瘦而腹大。（《素问》）
胃脉从大迎前下人迎，循喉咙入缺盆。故胃风者，令颈多汗。胃主受纳水谷，胃受风，则气上涌，故食饮
不下，膈塞不通。胃脉循腹里，故善满。失衣则风寒助邪，脉益凝涩，故令 胀。食寒则胃气虚衰，不能运化，
故令泄。胃主肌肉，故形瘦。风热蓄聚于胃，故腹大。（吴鹤皋）
目风眼寒
风入系头，则为目风眼寒。（《素问》）
五脏六腑之精气，皆上注于目。血气与脉，并上属于脑。今风入系头，则血脉凝泣，不能上注于目。又
肝主目而恶风，目受血而能视，今风寒客之，故令目风眼寒。（《圣济总录》）
疹筋
人有尺脉数甚，筋急而见，病名曰疹筋。是人腹必急，白色、黑色见，则病甚。（《素问》）
尺脉数甚，肾水虚也。水不足以养木，故身之大筋劲急而见。
疹筋，病筋也。腹为宗筋所径，故腹必急。筋病而见白色，金克木也。肾病而见黑色，脏气脱也。（吴鹤皋）
肺疝
肺脉沉搏，为肺疝。（《素问》）
沉与搏，皆阴也。见于肺部，则肺气病，故为肺疝。（吴鹤皋）
风根
人有身体、髀、股、 皆肿，环脐而痛，病名伏梁，此风根也。其气溢于大肠，而着于肓。肓之原在脐下，
故环脐而痛也。不可动之，动之为水溺涩之病。（《素问》）
风毒根于中，故环脐而痛。脐为人身之枢，枢病则不能旋斡阴阳之气，故身体、髀、股、 皆肿。（吴鹤皋）
附案
一子腹痛三年，发则喊叫不可耐，遇风则寒热呕吐，面青脉弦。余诊之曰∶此风根也。方用桂枝、防风、
柴胡、黄 、白术、陈皮、半夏、白芍、甘草、生姜，二剂平，四剂愈。（许宣治）
脾瘅
有病口甘者，名曰脾瘅。（《素问》）
口甘一证，《内经》谓之脾瘅。此甘非甘美之甘，瘅即热之谓也。人之饮食入胃，全赖脾真以运之，命阳
以腐之，譬犹造酒蒸酿者然。一有不和，则肥甘之疾顿发，五味精华，失其本来之真味，则淫淫之甜味上泛不
已也。胸脘必痞，口舌必腻，不饥不食之由，从此至矣。《内经》设一兰草汤，味辛足以散结，气清足以化浊，
除陈解郁，利水和营，为奇方之祖也。暑湿之候，每兼是患，以此为君，参以苦辛之胜，配合泻心等法。胃虚
谷少之人，亦有是证，当宗大半夏汤及六君法，远甘益辛可也。○兰草即佩兰叶，俗名省头草。妇人插髻中以
辟油腻之气，形似马兰而高硕，气香味辛性凉，用以醒脾气、涤肥甘也。（《临证指南》）
胆瘅
有病口苦者，名曰胆瘅。（《素问》）
胆为中正之官，清净之腑，十一脏之所取决，咽为之使，主藏而不泻。今数谋虑而不决，则清净者浊而扰
矣，故气上溢而为口苦也。（《圣济总录》）
控睾
少腹控睾，引腰脊，上冲心，唾出清水，及为哕噫，甚则入心，善忘善悲。（《素问》）
小肠受寒，则少腹疼痛，控引睾丸，牵引腰脊，上冲于心，唾出清水，及为哕噫，甚则入心，善忘善悲，
有如此者。（《内经拾遗》）
脱营
尝贵后贱，虽不中邪，病从内生，名曰脱营。（《素问》）
失营一证，《经》谓先富后贫，先贵后贱，心志屈辱，神气不伸，而忧煎日切，奉养日廉，如有此患也。
夫营属阴血，卫属阳气，脉中脉外，乃往来之道路，故百骸得以荣养，经络得以流通，又何至脱营失精，而病
从内生哉？无如禀赋素虚，平日以酒为浆，以妄为常，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真，而郁火相凝，隧痰停结，乃
成是证。其患多生肩之上下，初起微肿，皮色不变，日久渐大，坚硬如石，半载一年，方生阴痛。或破烂紫斑，
渗流血水；或泛如莲，秽气熏蒸，气血衰败，形容瘦削，未有不毙者矣。盖肝主谋虑，心主血脉，肾主五液。
思虑多则伤肝；精神耗则伤心；精液少则伤肾。肝伤则筋不荣而肿；心伤则血不生而枯；肾伤则液不润而涩。
漫肿无头，发在关节，病虽在经，根实在脏。譬之树木，根摇而枝叶已先萎矣。奈何医家误认流痰痈毒，药
进清凉表散，愈耗阴血，是速其危也。不知流痰之发，坚而痛，痛而红，红而肿，肿而溃。在阴则平塌不红、
不肿、不痛，数日立毙。失营则坚久隐痛，皮色如故，数载乃亡。见证不同，治法各
异。初起宜六味归芍汤，救其根也；病久隐痛阴亏者，宜左归生脉汤，补其元也；阳亏者，宜十全大补汤，培
血气也。（《会心录》）
失精
尝富后贫，名曰失精。（《素问》）
富则膏粱，贫则藜藿。先丰后歉，脏液不生，名曰失精。（吴鹤皋）
洞
肾脉微缓为洞。洞者，食不化，下嗌还出。（《灵枢》）
还与旋同，洞当作 。《仓公传》曰∶ 风之状，饮食下嗌辄后之。注谓后如厕也。（《内经拾遗》）
膈洞
太阴为开，开折则仓廪无所输，膈洞。（《灵枢》）
开属太阴，主于脾也。输，营运也；膈，塞也；洞者，食不化，下嗌还出也。（《类经》）
三焦约
小腹痛肿，不得小便，邪在三焦约。（《灵枢》）
三焦者，水谷之道路，气之所终始也。小腹痛肿，小便不利，此邪热在三焦，约束而不得行耳。治当疏导
三焦，分别清浊。（《内经拾遗》）
唏
人之唏者，何气使然？此阴气盛而阳气虚，阴气疾而阳气徐，阴气盛而阳气绝，故为唏。（《灵枢》）
唏， 欷也。《释义》云∶悲泣气咽而抽息也。一云∶泣余声。悲忧之气生于阴惨，故为阴盛阳虚之候。（《类经》）
人之 者，何气使然？胃不实，则诸脉虚。诸脉虚，则筋脉懈惰。筋脉懈惰，则行阴用力，气不能复，故
为。（《灵枢》）
即战之属。因寒而战者，谓之寒战。其有战不因寒者，由
气虚耳。胃为脏腑之海，胃不实，则诸脉虚，故为战 。（《类经》）
太息
人之太息者，何气使然？忧思则心系急，心系急则气道约，约则不利，故太息以伸出之。补手少阴心主，
足少阳留之也。（《灵枢》）
此言人之所以太息而有刺之之法也。人之心皆有系，惟忧思则必系紧急，而气道约，约则出气不利，故太
息以伸出之。当补手少阴心经、手厥阴心包经络及足少阳胆经，皆留其针以补之也。（马元台）
石瘕
石瘕何如？石瘕生于胞中，寒气客于子门，子门闭塞，气不得通，恶血当泻不泻， 以留止，日以益大，
状如怀子，月事不以时下，皆生于女子，可导而下。（《灵枢》）
膀胱为津液之腑，气化则能出焉。寒气客于子门，则气塞而不通，血壅而不流， 以留止，结硬如石，是
名石瘕。此先气病而后血病，故月事不来，可宣导而下出者也。（罗谦甫）
肠覃
肠覃何如？寒气客于肠外，与卫气相搏，气不得荣，因有所系，癖而内着，恶气乃起， 肉乃生。其始生
也，大如鸡卵，稍以益大，至其成，如怀子之状，久者离岁，按之则坚，推之则移，月事以时下，此其候也。（《灵枢》）
肠者，大肠也；覃者，延也。大肠以传导为事，肺之腑也。肺主卫，卫为气，得炅则泄，得冷则凝。今寒
气客于大肠，故卫气不荣，有所系止，而结瘕在内贴着，延久不已，是名肠覃。夫气散则清，气聚则浊，结为
瘕聚，所以恶气乃起， 肉乃生。小渐益大，而鼓其腹，状如怀子。此气病而血未病，故月事不断，应时而下，
非胎娠也。（罗谦甫）
Root: The place where disease ultimately terminates. Fuliang (Voluminous Beam), meaning like a submerged bridge, is the name for a condition characterized by deep-seated and stubborn pathology. This differs from the Fuliang discussed in *Nan Jing* (*Classic of Difficult Issues*), which refers to an accumulation in the heart belonging to the yin qi of the zang organs; whereas this type involves the accumulation of pus and blood, classified as yang toxicity. (Wu Hegao)
Wind Causing Cold Invasion
Wind qi enters the stomach along with the Yangming channel, travels upward along the meridian, and reaches the inner canthus of the eye. If the person is emaciated, the exterior leaks, leading to cold invasion and tearing. (*Su Wen*)
When wind pathogen lodges in the stomach, the Yangming channel originates at the side of the nose, intersects at the root of the nose, and descends along the lateral aspect of the nose. Wind follows the channel to the inner canthus. Emaciation implies open and loose interstitial spaces (cou li); thus, wind pathogen enters through deficiency, causing body fluids to transform into tears. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Wind Causing Heat Invasion
Wind qi enters the stomach along with the Yangming channel, travels upward along the meridian, and reaches the inner canthus of the eye. If the person is obese, wind qi cannot be excreted outward, resulting in "Heat Zhong" (Middle Heat) and yellowing of the eyes. (*Su Wen*)
Wind belongs to yang qi; it moves freely and changes frequently. When wind lodges in the stomach, it cannot circulate internally nor be excreted externally, steaming and stagnating within, hence termed "Heat Zhong." Since the Yangming channel originates at the side of the nose, intersects at the root of the nose, and descends along the lateral aspect of the nose, heat follows the channel inward, causing yellowing of the eyes. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Brain Wind
When wind follows the Fengfu point (GV16) upward, it becomes Brain Wind. (*Su Wen*)
Those injured by wind are first affected on the upper part, starting with the yang channels. The Du Mai (Governing Vessel) is the intersection of the Yang Wei Mai (Yang Linking Vessel). From Fengfu (GV16) upward to Naohu (GV17), Naohu is the intersection of the Du Mai and the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel. Furthermore, the Foot-Taiyang channel originates at the inner canthus, ascends to intersect at the vertex, and enters to connect with the brain. Now, if wind pathogen lodges and combats this channel, stagnating without moving, the brain marrow becomes weak internally, causing fear of cold in the neck and back, and coldness at Naohu. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Head Wind
Being exposed to wind immediately after washing hair results in Head Wind. (*Su Wen*)
All yang channels converge on the head. Immediately after washing, the skin pores are open and loose; wind pathogen takes advantage of this, lodging in the head and causing disease. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Leaking Wind
Exposure to wind after drinking alcohol results in Leaking Wind. Symptoms include excessive sweating, inability to wear single-layer clothing, sweating upon eating, severe cases involving whole-body sweating and panting, aversion to wind, constantly damp clothes, dry mouth with thirst, and inability to perform labor. (*Su Wen*)
Alcohol nourishes yang qi. Upon entering the stomach, it contends with grain qi, generating intense heat within. Its qi is fierce and escapes together with yang qi, leaving the cou li empty and susceptible to wind. Hence, excessive sweating and aversion to wind, preventing wearing of thin clothes. Panting and shortness of breath result from heat steaming the lungs and wind lodging in the skin and hair. Dry mouth and thirst result from excessive sweating depleting body fluids. Lethargy and inability to work result from exhaustion of essence and qi, failing to nourish the four limbs. It is called Leaking Wind because sweat flows incessantly, akin to leaking qi. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Stomach Wind
Symptoms of Stomach Wind include excessive sweating on the neck, aversion to wind, difficulty swallowing food and drink, chest diaphragm obstruction, abdominal fullness, bloating when unclothed, diarrhea after consuming cold food, emaciated body but distended abdomen. (*Su Wen*)
The Stomach channel descends from Daying before Renying, follows the throat into the Supraclavicular Fossa. Thus, Stomach Wind causes neck sweating. The Stomach governs reception and digestion; wind invasion causes qi to surge upward, leading to inability to swallow and diaphragmatic obstruction. The Stomach channel runs through the abdomen, hence prone to fullness. Exposure to cold aids the pathogen, making meridians more stagnant, causing bloating. Cold food depletes stomach qi, impairing transformation, causing diarrhea. The Stomach governs muscles, hence emaciation. Wind-heat accumulating in the Stomach causes abdominal distension. (Wu Hegao)
Eye Wind and Eye Cold
Wind entering the connections of the head results in Eye Wind and Eye Cold. (*Su Wen*)
Essence and qi of all zang and fu organs ascend to the eyes. Blood and qi, along with channels, connect to the brain. Now, wind entering the head connections causes blood vessels to stagnate, unable to ascend to the eyes. Additionally, the Liver governs the eyes and dislikes wind; vision requires blood. With wind-cold lodging there, Eye Wind and Eye Cold occur. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Rash Jin (Tendon Rash)
If the Chi pulse (Kidney position) is extremely rapid, and tendons are tense and visible, the disease is named Rash Jin. Such a person will have abdominal tension. Appearance of white or black colors indicates severe disease. (*Su Wen*)
Extreme rapidity of the Chi pulse indicates Kidney water deficiency. Insufficient water fails to nourish Liver wood, causing large tendons to become tense and visible.
Rash Jin is a tendon disease. The abdomen is the pathway of the Zong Jin (Major Tendons), hence abdominal tension. Tendon disease showing white color indicates Metal overcoming Wood. Kidney disease showing black color indicates depletion of organ qi. (Wu Hegao)
Lung Hernia
A Lung pulse that is deep and forceful indicates Lung Hernia. (*Su Wen*)
Deep and forceful pulses are both yin characteristics. Manifesting in the Lung region indicates Lung qi pathology, hence Lung Hernia. (Wu Hegao)
Wind Root
If a person has swelling of the body, thighs, and calves, with pain circling the umbilicus, the disease is named Fuliang (Voluminous Beam), which is the Wind Root. Its qi overflows into the Large Intestine and attaches to the Huang (Blind Membrane). The source of the Huang is below the umbilicus, hence the periumbilical pain. It must not be treated with purgatives; doing so leads to difficult urination. (*Su Wen*)
Wind toxin rooted internally causes periumbilical pain. The umbilicus is the pivot of the body; pivot pathology prevents the rotation of yin and yang qi, causing swelling of the body, thighs, and calves. (Wu Hegao)
Attached Case
A son suffered abdominal pain for three years. Attacks were unbearable, accompanied by shouting. Exposure to wind triggered chills, fever, vomiting, cyanosis, and a wiry pulse. I diagnosed this as Wind Root. Formula used: Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) ingredients including Cinnamon Twig, Saposhnikovia Root, Bupleurum Root, Astragalus Root, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Tangerine Peel, Pinellia Tuber, White Peony Root, Licorice Root, and Fresh Ginger. Two doses brought relief; four doses cured. (Xu Xuanzhi)
Spleen Dan (Heat)
Those with a sweet taste in the mouth are said to have Spleen Dan. (*Su Wen*)
The symptom of sweet taste in the mouth is called Spleen Dan in the *Nei Jing*. This sweetness is not pleasant sweetness; Dan refers to heat. Food entering the stomach relies entirely on Spleen true qi for transportation and Mingmen fire for decomposition, similar to brewing wine. Any disharmony causes diseases of rich and sweet foods to erupt instantly. The essence of the five flavors loses its original true taste, causing a cloying sweetness to float upward endlessly. Chest and epigastrium become obstructed; tongue becomes greasy; loss of appetite arises from this. The *Nei Jing* established Lancao Tang (Orchid Herb Decoction). Its acrid flavor disperses knots; its clear qi transforms turbidity; removes stagnation and resolves depression; promotes urination and harmonizes Ying. It is the ancestor of miraculous formulas. In summer-damp conditions, this often accompanies illness; use as chief herb, combined with bitter-acrid agents, and methods like Xiexin Tang. For those with deficient Stomach qi and low grain intake presenting this syndrome, follow Banxia Baibu Tang or Liujunzi Tang principles; avoid sweet and increase acrid. ○ Lancao is Peilan Ye (Eupatorium Leaf), commonly known as Shentou Cao. Women insert it in hairpins to repel grease odor; resembles Ma Lan but taller; fragrant, acrid, cool nature; awakens Spleen qi and cleanses rich/sweet residues. (*Lin Zheng Zhi Nan*)
Gallbladder Dan (Heat)
Those with a bitter taste in the mouth are said to have Gallbladder Dan. (*Su Wen*)
The Gallbladder is the Official of Uprightness and Purity, the Fu organ of eleven organs, with the pharynx as its envoy, governing storage without excretion. Frequent deliberation without decision makes the pure turbid and disturbed, causing qi to overflow upward and resulting in bitter taste. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Testicular Control
Lower abdomen pain controlling the testicles, drawing to the waist and spine, rushing up to the heart, spitting clear fluid, hiccups and belching; if severe, entering the heart, causing forgetfulness and sadness. (*Su Wen*)
Small Intestine cold causes lower abdominal pain, controlling the testicles, drawing to the waist and spine, rushing to the heart, spitting clear fluid, hiccups/belching; if severe, entering the heart, causing forgetfulness and sadness. (*Nei Jing Shi Yi*)
Tuoying (Depletion of Ying)
Once noble, now base; although not struck by external pathogens, disease arises internally, named Tuoying. (*Su Wen*)
Shiyi (Loss of Ying) refers to those who were once rich/poor or noble/base, experiencing humiliation, suppressed spirit, daily worry, and reduced sustenance. Ying belongs to Yin Blood; Wei belongs to Yang Qi. Inside and outside the vessels are pathways for circulation, nourishing the body and flowing through meridians. How could one suffer Tuoying and Jing loss, with internal disease? Unluckily, innate constitution is weak; daily indulgence in alcohol, irregular lifestyle, exhausting essence through desire, dissipating true yuan. Depressed fire condenses, phlegm stagnates, forming this syndrome. Often appears above/below shoulders; initially slight swelling, unchanged skin color; gradually enlarges over months/years, becoming hard as stone, then developing yin pain. Or ulcerates with purple spots, oozing bloody fluid; or spreads like lotus, foul odor; qi and blood decline, emaciation ensues; invariably fatal. Liver governs planning; Heart governs blood vessels; Kidney governs five fluids. Excessive thinking injures Liver; mental exhaustion injures Heart; fluid deficiency injures Kidney. Liver injury causes tendons to lack nourishment and swell; Heart injury causes blood generation failure and withering; Kidney injury causes fluid lubrication failure and dryness. Diffuse swelling without head, occurring at joints; though disease is in meridians, root is in zang organs. Like trees: roots shake, branches wither first. Alas, physicians mistake this for flowing phlegm or carbuncles, using cooling/dispersing drugs, further depleting yin blood, accelerating death. They do not know: Flowing Phlegm starts hard/painful/red/swollen/ulcerated. Yin-type is flat, non-red/non-swollen/non-painful, fatal in days. Shiyi is hard, long-standing dull pain, normal skin color, fatal in years. Signs differ, treatments differ. Initially use Liuwei Guishao Tang to save the root; chronic dull pain with yin deficiency use Zuogui Shengmai Tang to tonify yuan; yang deficiency use Shiquan Dabu Tang to cultivate qi and blood. (*Huixin Lu*)
Shijing (Loss of Jing)
Once rich, now poor; named Shijing. (*Su Wen*)
Rich implies rich food; poor implies coarse food. From abundance to scarcity, organ fluids fail to generate, named Shijing. (Wu Hegao)
Dong (Hollow/Reflux)
Kidney pulse slightly slow indicates Dong. Dong means food does not digest; swallowed food comes back up. (*Ling Shu*)
"Huan" is synonymous with "Xuan" (rotate). "Dong" should be read as "Ye" (regurgitation). *Canggong Zhuan* states: Ye Feng symptoms, food swallowed is immediately expelled. Note says "hou" refers to defecation. (*Nei Jing Shi Yi*)
Ge Dong (Diaphragm Hollow)
Taiyin opens; if opening collapses, granaries cannot transport, resulting in Ge Dong. (*Ling Shu*)
Opening belongs to Taiyin, governed by Spleen. Transport refers to operation; Ge refers to obstruction; Dong means food does not digest and regurgitates. (*Lei Jing*)
Sanjiao Yue (Constrained Sanjiao)
Lower abdominal pain and swelling, inability to urinate, pathogen is in Sanjiao Yue. (*Ling Shu*)
Sanjiao is the pathway of water and grain, the beginning and end of qi. Lower abdominal pain/swelling and dysuria indicate pathogenic heat constraining the Sanjiao, preventing flow. Treatment should guide and dredge the Sanjiao, separating clear and turbid. (*Nei Jing Shi Yi*)
Xi (Sighing/Sobbing)
Why does a person sigh/sob? This is due to excess yin qi and deficient yang qi. Yin qi moves fast, yang qi moves slow; yin excess and yang extinction cause Xi. (*Ling Shu*)
Xi is Xixu (sobbing). *Shi Yi* explains: Sobbing with choked breath and gasping. Alternatively: residual sound of crying. Sadness/grief arises from yin/cold, hence yin-excess/yang-deficient pattern. (*Lei Jing*)
Zhan (Shivering/Trembling)
Why does a person shiver? Stomach qi is not solid, thus all vessels are deficient. Vessel deficiency leads to lax tendons/vessels. Laxity leads to exertion of yin-force, qi cannot recover, hence shivering. (*Ling Shu*)
This belongs to trembling. Shivering due to cold is Han Zhan. Shivering not due to cold is caused by qi deficiency. Stomach is the sea of zang-fu; Stomach deficiency leads to vessel deficiency, hence shivering. (*Lei Jing*)
Tai Xi (Deep Sigh)
Why does a person take a deep sigh? Worry/thoughts tighten the Xin Mai (Heart Connection); tightening restricts the airway; restriction causes obstruction, hence deep sigh to release it. Tonify Hand-Shaoyin Pericardium, retain needle in Foot-Shaoyang. (*Ling Shu*)
This explains why people sigh and the acupuncture method. Everyone has Xin connections; worry/thoughts tighten them, restricting airflow, causing obstruction, hence sighing to release. Tonify Hand-Shaoyin Heart Channel, Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Collateral, and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel, retaining needles to tonify. (Ma Yuantai)
Shijia (Stone Mass)
What is Shijia? Shijia arises in the Baozhong (Uterus). Cold pathogen lodges at Zimen (Os Uteri), blocking it. Qi cannot circulate; evil blood should discharge but does not, stagnating and growing daily, resembling pregnancy. Menstruation is delayed. Occurs only in women; treatable by guiding downward. (*Ling Shu*)
Bladder is the house of body fluids; qi transformation allows excretion. Cold lodging at Zimen blocks qi and blood stasis, hardening like stone, named Shijia. This is qi pathology preceding blood pathology; hence amenorrhea, treatable by guiding downward. (Luo Qianfu)
Changtan (Intestinal Polyp/Mass)
What is Changtan? Cold pathogen lodges outside the intestines, contending with Wei Qi. Qi fails to nourish, binding internally, forming癖 (masses), evil qi arises, flesh grows. Initially egg-sized, gradually enlarging to resemble pregnancy. Long-term cases last years. Firm on pressure, movable on pushing. Menstruation occurs on time. This is the sign. (*Ling Shu*)
Chang is Large Intestine; Tan is extension. Large Intestine conducts waste; it is the Fu organ of Lung. Lung governs Wei; Wei is qi, dispersing with heat, coagulating with cold. Cold lodging in Large Intestine causes Wei qi to fail nourishment, binding internally, forming masses extending over time, named Changtan. Qi dispersion clears; qi aggregation turbid. Aggregation forms masses, generating evil qi and flesh growth. Gradually enlarging abdomen, resembling pregnancy. This is qi pathology, not blood; hence menstruation continues normally, not pregnancy. (Luo Qianfu)