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Taste is sweet, nature is neutral (non-toxic). It primarily treats fever in children and failure of muscles to grow after eating. It can be prepared as a bath decoction. It also treats malignant sores and promotes the growth of new flesh. Bark: primarily expels water retention and promotes urination; Stem: primarily treats pruritic urticarial papules and wheals (urticaria), boiled alone for bathing. The white juice between the bark: treats tinea.

Taste is bitter, nature is cold. Root: very cold; Fruit: slightly cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, heat-center thirst, generalized bi-syndrome with wind-dampness, directs qi downward from the chest and hypochondrium, and treats exogenous heat headache. It tonifies internal injuries, relieves dyspnea caused by severe fatigue, strengthens sinews and bones, fortifies yin, and promotes the free flow of the large and small intestines. Long-term consumption strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances resistance to cold and heat. Also known as Qigen (Root of Lycium), Digou (Earth Bone), Gouji, Difou, Yangru (Sheep Milk), Queshu (Eliminating Heat), Xianrenzhang (Immortal's Staff), Xiwangmuzhang (Queen Mother of the West's Staff). It grows in the flat marshes of Changshan and various hillsides and riverbanks. Roots are harvested in winter, leaves in spring and summer, stems and fruits in autumn, and dried in the shade.

Taste is sweet, nature is warm, non-toxic. It primarily repels evil influences, kills spirit entities, treats warm malaria and gu-poison, epilepsy, eliminates three types of parasites, dispels pathogenic factors, and prevents nightmares. Long-term consumption facilitates spiritual clarity, lightens the body, and prolongs life. It grows in the valleys of Zhongtai.

Taste is pungent, nature is warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats epigastric masses with heat and rebellious qi, aids digestion of food and fluids, directs qi downward, stops vomiting and coughing, clears residual heat from the bladder, and resolves fluid retention while promoting urination. It treats the spleen's inability to digest grains, qi filling the chest, vomiting and chaotic diarrhea (cholera-like symptoms), stops diarrhea, and eliminates Taenia solium (tapeworm). Long-term consumption removes bad breath, facilitates spiritual clarity, and extends longevity. Also known as Jupi (Orange Peel). It grows in the valleys of southern mountains and Jiangnan regions, harvested in October.

Total twenty-nine ingredients.

Taste is sweet, nature is level (neutral), non-toxic. It primarily treats pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, calms the mind and appetite, eliminates parasites and toxins. Long-term consumption strengthens the soul and intelligence, lightens the body, prevents aging, and facilitates spiritual clarity. Also known as Yizhi (Wisdom Fruit). The larger ones resemble Areca nut (Binglang), growing in the valleys of the South Sea.

Taste is bitter, nature is warm, very warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-stroke, cold damage, headache with chills and fever, palpitations, blood and qi bi-syndrome, necrotic tissue, and eliminates three types of parasites. It warms the middle and tonifies qi, resolves phlegm and directs qi downward. It treats cholera and abdominal pain with distension, cold rebellion in the stomach, incessant vomiting in the chest, dysentery, stranguria and leakage, dispels fright, removes lingering heat causing心烦 (restlessness) and fullness, and thickens the intestines and stomach. Also known as Nongpi (Thick Bark), Chipo (Red Birch-like Bark). The tree is named Zhen (Hazelnut tree), its fruit is named Zhuhezhe, treating scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis), brightening the eyes, and tonifying qi. It grows in Yuanju, Jiaozhi, harvested in March, September, and October, and dried in the shade.