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(褚 Shi, Broussonetia papyrifera fruit) Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats severe heat within the skin, removes facial heat and redness, rhinophyma (alcoholic nose), wind-induced epilepsy, and itching and dampness of the external genitalia. It brightens the eyes and ears. It treats Wind-stroke, Cold damage, carbuncles, sores, and edema, and eliminates foul odors. Also known as Lin Lan or Du Lan. The bark resembles Cinnamon Twig but has a fragrance. It grows in the valleys of Lingling and Mount Tai; the bark is harvested in the twelfth lunar month and dried in the shade.

(Chuye, Leaves) Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats obstruction of urination and defecation, promotes water passages, dispels pathogenic factors, clears pathogenic heat from the intestines and stomach, and reduces swelling. Its nature is slippery and lubricating. Long-term consumption lightens the body and suppresses hunger. The fruit is particularly effective for treating pediatric scalp crusted sores. Flowers: Treat pediatric epilepsy, difficult urination, and heat injury. Also known as Ling Yu. Grows in valley regions of Chuan; the white inner bark is harvested in the second lunar month and sun-dried, while fruits are harvested in the eighth lunar month. Care must be taken to prevent moisture absorption, as dampness harms the human body.

(Zhi, Branches) Sour in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats alternating cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, pathological qi accumulation, soreness and pain in the four limbs, damp Bi-syndrome, vexation with insomnia, pain above and below the umbilicus, chronic diarrhea, deficiency sweating, vexation, and thirst. It tonifies the Middle Jiao, benefits Liver Qi, strengthens sinews and bones, assists Yin Qi, and makes the person plump and vigorous. Long-term consumption calms the Five Zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in the river marshes of Hedong; fruits are harvested in the eighth lunar month and dried in the shade for forty days.

(Gen Bai Pi, White Bark of Root) Bitter, sour, and salty in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats pathogenic heat within the Five Viscera, stops salivation, repairs severe injuries or deficiencies, treats five types of hemorrhoids, fire sores, breast masses in women, and acute pain of the Zi Zang (uterus). Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, crushed to extract juice, stored in copper vessels, and daily boiled until it can be formed into pills the size of mouse feces. Inserted into orifices; changing three times leads to cure. It also induces abortion. Long-term consumption brightens the eyes, benefits Qi, prevents graying of hair, and prolongs life. Branches: Treat washing sores and itching/dampness under the scrotum. Bark: Treats ulcerated sores. Roots: Treats throat obstruction with cold and heat. Grows in the flat marshes of Henan; can be used to make divine candles.

(General description) Sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats impotence and edema, benefits Qi, fills out the flesh and skin, and brightens the eyes. Long-term consumption prevents hunger and aging, lightening the body. Grows widely, also known as Gu Shi. Available everywhere; fruits are harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months, sun-dried, and processed over forty days.