味辛，寒，无毒。主阴痿，绝伤，茎中痛，利小便，益气力，强志，坚筋骨，消瘰 ，
赤痈，下部有疮洗出虫。丈夫久服，令人无子。一名刚前。生上郡阳山山谷。
味甘，平，温，无毒。主皮肤寒热，胃中热气，风寒湿痹，坚筋骨，令人嗜食，
满，利大小便，长肌肉肥大。久服轻身。花叶∶去白虫、疗喉痹，多服令人溏泻。一名荔
一名剧草，一名三坚，一名豕首。生河东川谷。五月采实，阴干。
三十九味
味辛甘，温，无毒。主咳逆上气，善喘，喉痹，诸惊痫，寒热邪气，消渴，喘息呼吸。
一名橐吾，一名颗东，一名虎发，一名菟奚，一名氐冬。生常山山谷及上党水旁，十一月采
花，阴干。
味辛苦，寒，微寒，无毒。主寒热中风，螈 痉，惊痫邪气，除症坚瘀血留舍肠
安五脏，疗痈疮。除时气，头痛客热，五劳劳气，头腰痛，风噤癫疾。一名鹿韭，一名鼠
姑。生巴郡山谷及汉中，二月八月采根，阴干。
味辛苦，平，温，无毒。主风寒，温疟，热气，诸痫，除邪，利大小便。疗水肿
去膀胱热，伤寒，寒热邪气，中风手脚挛急，止泻，散痈肿恶结，诸蜗疥癣虫疮，通腠理，
利九窍。一名解离，文如车辐理解者良。生汉中川谷，二月八月采根，阴干。
味辛。温，无毒，主风寒洗洗，霍乱，泻痢，肠鸣，上下无常处，惊痫，寒热百疾。疗
肺伤咳逆出汗，久寒在膀胱，支满，饮酒夜食发病。一名白菀，一名织女菀，一名茆。生汉
中川谷或山阳，正月二月采，阴干。
[Epimedium] Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats impotence, severe trauma/deficiency (Jueshang), pain in the penis, promotes urination, tonifies Qi and strength, strengthens willpower, solidifies sinews and bones, eliminates scrofula (Luo Li), treats red carbuncles (Chiyong), and can be used as a wash to expel parasites from sores in the lower body. Long-term consumption by men may lead to infertility. Also known as Gangqian. Grows in the valleys of Yangshan, Shangjun Commandery.
[Polygala Root] Sweet in flavor, neutral and warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats alternating cold and heat of the skin, heat in the stomach, Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, solidifies sinews and bones, increases appetite, relieves abdominal fullness, promotes bowel and bladder movements, promotes muscle growth and body plumpness. Long-term consumption lightens the body. Flowers and leaves: expel roundworms, treat throat obstruction (Houbi); excessive use causes loose stools. Also known as Li, Jucao, Sanjian, or Shishou. Grows in the river valleys of Hedong. Fruits are harvested in May and dried in the shade.
[Trogopterus Dung / Saussurea] Pungent and sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, frequent asthma, throat obstruction, various types of convulsive epilepsy, pathogenic cold-heat, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), wheezing and rapid breathing. Also known as Tuowu, Kedong, Hufa, Tuxi, or Didong. Grows in the valleys of Changshan and near waters in Shangdang. Flowers are harvested in November and dried in the shade.
[Lujun / Radix Polygalae] Pungent and bitter in flavor, cold and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cold-heat and wind-stroke, spasms and convulsions, convulsive epilepsy due to pathogenic factors, removes fixed masses and blood stasis lodged in the intestines, calms the five Zang organs, treats carbuncles and sores. Eliminates seasonal epidemics, headache with external heat, Qi deficiency from the five labors, head and waist pain, wind-lock (trismus) and manic disorders. Also known as Lujun or Shugu. Grows in the valleys of Ba Commandery and Hanzhong. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the shade.
[Jieli / Radix Bupleuri] Pungent and bitter in flavor, neutral and warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-cold, warm malaria, heat pathogens, various epileptic conditions, expels pathogens, promotes bowel and bladder movements. Treats edema, clears heat from the Bladder, Shanghan (cold damage), cold-heat pathogens, wind-stroke causing spasticity of hands and feet, stops diarrhea, dissipates carbuncles and malignant knots, various tinea and parasitic skin sores, opens the Couli (pores and interstices), and unblocks the nine orifices. Also known as Jieli; those with texture resembling wheel spokes are considered superior. Grows in the river valleys of Hanzhong. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the shade.
[Baiwan / Inula Flower] Pungent in flavor. Warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats aversion to cold due to wind-cold, cholera-like syndrome, dysentery, borborygmus, diseases moving unpredictably up and down, convulsive epilepsy, and hundred diseases of cold-heat. Treats lung injury with cough, rebellious Qi, and sweating; long-standing cold retained in the Bladder, distension and fullness; and diseases triggered by drinking alcohol or eating at night. Also known as Baiwan, Zhinvwan, or Mao. Grows in the river valleys of Hanzhong or on sunny slopes. Harvested in January and February and dried in the shade.