味甘苦，温；叶∶苦辛，微寒，有小毒。主风头寒痛，风湿周痹，四肢拘挛痛
肌，膝痛，溪毒。久服益气，耳目聪明，强志轻身。一名胡 ，一名地葵，一名 ，一名常
思。生安陆川谷及六安田野，实熟时采。
味甘，寒，无毒。主劳伤虚羸，补中益气，除瘀血，血闭寒热，利小便，下五淋，除客
热在肠胃，止渴坚筋，妇人崩中。久服利人。其苗∶主下水。一名兰根，一名茹根，一名地
菅，一名地筋，一名兼杜。生楚地山谷田野，六月采根。
味甘，平，无毒。主邪气腹胀，心痛，利大小便，补中益气，除浮肿胪胀，痞满寒热，
通身疼痛，及乳难，喉痹肿，止涕泪。一名重葙，一名重迈，一名摩罗，一名中逢花，一名
强瞿。生荆州川谷，二月八月采根，曝干。
味酸，平，寒，无毒。主热烦满，定志益气，利水道。产难，吞其实立产。一名醋浆。
生荆楚川泽及人家田园中，五月采，阴干。
味苦辛，寒，微寒，无毒。主心腹积聚，寒热邪气，通九窍，利大小便，疗肠胃
唾血，衄血，肠中聚血，痈肿诸疮，止渴益精。一名牡蒙，一名众戎，一名童肠，一名马行
。生河西及冤句山谷，三月采根，火炙使紫色。
**Nüwei (Radix Adenophorae seu Polygala):** Sweet and bitter in taste, warm in nature; Leaves: Bitter and acrid in taste, slightly cold in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats headache caused by wind-cold affecting the head, rheumatism causing generalized joint pain (Zhou Bi), spasmodic pain in the four limbs, myalgia, knee pain, and stream toxicity. Long-term consumption benefits Qi, improves hearing and vision, strengthens willpower, and makes the body feel light. Also known as Hu Zhen, Di Kui, Wei Rui, and Chang Si. Grows in valleys of Anlu and fields of Lu'an; harvested when fruits are ripe.
**Nüwan (Rhizoma Polygalae):** Sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats emaciation due to labor injury, tonifies Middle Jiao Qi, eliminates blood stasis, treats chills and fever caused by blood obstruction, promotes urination, discharges the five types of stranguria (Wu Lin), clears exogenous heat from the stomach and intestines, relieves thirst, strengthens sinews and bones, and treats uterine bleeding (Beng Zhong) in women. Long-term consumption is beneficial to the human body. Its seedlings: primarily promote water metabolism. Also known as Lan Gen, Ru Gen, Di Jian, Di Jin, and Jian Du. Grows in valleys and fields of Chu region; roots harvested in June.
**Chonglou (Rhizoma Paridis):** Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats abdominal distension caused by pathogenic factors, heart pain, promotes bowel movements and urination, tonifies Middle Jiao Qi, eliminates edema and abdominal fullness,痞满 (plugging sensation) with chills and fever, generalized body pain, difficulty in lactation, swelling and pain of throat bi (Hou Bi), stops rhinorrhea and lacrimation. Also known as Chong Xiang, Chong Mai, Mo Luo, Zhong Feng Hua, and Qiang Ju. Grows in valleys of Jingzhou; roots harvested in February or August, dried in the sun.
**Cujiang (Herba Oxalidis):** Sour in taste, neutral and cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats irritability and fullness due to heat, calms the mind, benefits Qi, promotes water passages. For difficult labor, swallowing the fruit facilitates immediate delivery. Also known as Cu Jiang. Grows in wetlands of Jingchu and home gardens; harvested in May, dried in shade.
**Mumeng (Radix Polygalae Tenuifoliae):** Bitter and acrid in taste, cold and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, expels wind-cold and other pathogens, unblocks the nine orifices, promotes bowel movements and urination, treats hemoptysis and epistaxis (Nu Xue) from gastrointestinal issues, blood accumulation in the intestines, carbuncles and sores, relieves thirst, and benefits essence. Also known as Mu Meng, Zhong Rong, Tong Chang, and Ma Xing Liao. Grows in valleys of Hexi and Yuanju; roots harvested in March, roasted over fire until purple.
**Nuqing (Fructus Evodiae):** Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Primarily treats aversion to cold due to wind-cold, cholera-like syndrome (Huo Luan), diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus and wandering qi (You Qi) moving up and down unpredictably, convulsions and epilepsy with chills and fever, and sweating from various diseases. *Li's Materia Medica* states: It stops diarrhea/dysentery and aids digestion.