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(Bai Zhi, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) Pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats leukorrhea (abnormal vaginal discharge) with red and white discharge in women, amenorrhea (blood closure), vulvar swelling and pain, wind-cold-heat affecting the head, and tearing upon exposure to wind. Promotes skin growth, moisturizes and adds luster; can be used to make facial cosmetic paste. Treats invasion by wind pathogens, prolonged thirst, vomiting, fullness in the hypochondrium, wind-induced headache and dizziness, itchy eyes; can be processed into ointments or facial cosmetics to moisten and brighten the complexion. Also known as Fangxiang, Bai [Zhi], [Character], Guan, Fuli, and Zefen. The leaves are named [Character]ma and can be used for bath decoctions. Grows in low-lying valleys of Hedong region; roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried.

(Bai Ji, Bletillae Rhizoma) Bitter and pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough and rebellious qi due to wind-cold; its fragrance can scent clothing and the body. Grows in mountain valleys; roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, thoroughly washed, and sun-dried.

(Bai Wei, Cynanchi Atrati Radix) Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, five types of jaundice, tonifies the middle jiao and supplements qi, unblocks the nine orifices, and promotes water passages. Treats abdominal distension, fullness, and pain. When combined into pastes, it treats pediatric sores and facial [defects]. Also known as Zidan and Zifu. Grows in the valleys of Dangshan and Chu regions; roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade.

(Bai Qian, Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix) Bitter and pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough and rebellious qi, stagnation of cold and heat in the chest, removes gu poison, treats flaccidity and厥逆 (cold extremities), and stabilizes the five zang organs. Treats coughing up pus and blood, stops wheezing and palpitations, addresses deficiency from the five labors, supplements insufficiency, and treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Also known as Zi [Qian] and Qingyuan. Grows in the valleys of Fangling and in Zhending and Handan; roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade.

(Bai Xian Pi, Dictamni Cortex) Bitter and salty in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cephalalgia due to wind, jaundice, cough with rebellious qi and dribbling urination, swelling and pain in the female genitalia, damp-bi causing necrotic skin unable to flex, extend, walk, or move. Treats restlessness of the four limbs, intense abdominal heat during epidemic diseases accompanied by thirst, desire to run, and shouting, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, and residual pain after childbirth in women. Grows in the valleys of Shanggu and Yuanju; roots are harvested in April and May and dried in the shade.

(Bai Wei, Cynanchi Atrati Radix - *Note: Context suggests distinct entry or synonym variation*) Bitter and salty in taste, neutral in nature, very cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats sudden stroke, fever with limb fullness, mental confusion and loss of consciousness, manic delirium due to pathogenic factors, alternating cold and heat with soreness and pain, shivering malaria with regular paroxysms. Treats internal injury with dripping fluids, descends water qi, benefits yin qi, and nourishes essence. Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncao, and Gumei. Long-term consumption is beneficial. Grows in plains and valleys; roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.