Also known as Matong. Slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats women with metrorrhagia (Bengzhou) causing thirst, as well as hematemesis, lower bleeding, epistaxis, and traumatic wounds (Jinchuang); it stops bleeding.

Primarily treats hypersomnia (Ximian), keeping one awake.

Pungent in taste, slightly cold in nature. Primarily treats diabetes mellitus (Xiaoke), breaks up masses and accumulations (Zhengjia Jian, Jiju), men's Fulijiang accumulation and hernia, women's Zha disease; drink using a copper vessel.

Salty in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats internal injury (Shangzhong), impotence (Yinwei Buqi), promotes strong erection and large size, aids conception, eliminates the twelve leukorrhea diseases in women. Also known as Goujing.
Collected during the upper Fu days of June, dried in shade for one hundred days.

Primarily improves vision, treats scabs, ulcers, and malignant sores.

Primarily treats sorrow and indignation Qi (Youhui Qi), dispels evil Qi.

Primarily treats head wind bi-syndrome (Toufeng Bi), sores in the lower body, nasal polyps (Bi Zhong Xi).

Primarily treats epilepsy with chills and fever (Dianji Hanre), sudden wind paralysis (Fufei); collected on Fu days.

Primarily treats traumatic wounds, stops bleeding.

Boiled and drunk to promote lactation (Xia Ru Zhi).

Salty in taste, non-toxic. Primarily treats epilepsy attacks.

Salty and sour in taste, warm in nature. Primarily calms the five zang organs, repairs severe injuries, lightens the body and benefits Qi.

Primarily treats chills and fever, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (Xiao'er Jingxian).

Sweet and sour in taste, warm, slightly warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats persistent bleeding of bad blood (Louxia Exue), chills and fever with convulsions and epilepsy, benefits Qi and strengthens will, promotes tooth growth and anti-aging, treats deficiency labor with shivering like malaria (Xu Lao Shasha Ru Nue), emaciation (Leishou), soreness and pain in four limbs, pain in waist and spine, frequent urination (Xiaobian Li), seminal emission and bloody urine (Xie Jing Niao Xue), breaks up retained blood in the abdomen, disperses lithiasis (Shilin), carbuncles and swelling, heat and abscesses in bones, and itching.

Calms the fetus and directs Qi downward, kills ghost essence substances; should not be near the yin area, as it causes flaccidity. Long-term use promotes longevity. Collected when antlers fall in April and May, dried in shade, for use.

Salty in taste, non-toxic. Primarily treats malignant sores and carbuncles, drives out evil Qi, removes retained blood in the yin region, eliminates acute abdominal pain due to blood stasis, waist and spine pain, traumatic bad blood, and benefits Qi. Collected in July.

Sweet in taste, warm. Primarily treats internal injury and severed pulses in men and women, tendon spasm and pain, cough and reverse flow of Qi; best taken mixed with wine.

Neutral in nature. Primarily tonifies Kidney Qi.

Warm in nature. Tonifies the middle, strengthens the five zang organs, benefits strength and Qi. Fresh material treats facial deviation (Koubi); slice thinly and apply.

Slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats deficiency damage and seminal emission.

Warm in nature, tonifies and benefits the five zang organs.

Benefits strength and Qi, beautifies and moistens the face.

Primarily dispels evil Qi, kills Gui Zhu poison, stops palpitations and fright, primarily treats malignant sores and rat-like fistulas (Shu Lou). The skull is particularly effective.

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