味甘，温，平，无毒。主伤中，补虚羸，除寒热邪气，补中，益气力，长肌肉，
面游风，风头眼眩，下气，止腰痛，补虚劳羸瘦，充五脏，除烦热，强阴。久服耳目聪明，
轻身不饥，延年。一名山芋，秦楚名玉延，郑越名土薯。生嵩高山谷。二月八月采根，曝干。
味苦甘，平，无毒。主风头头眩肿痛，目欲脱，泪出，皮肤死肌，恶风，湿痹。
痛去来陶陶，除胸中烦热，安肠胃，利五脉，调四肢。久服利血气，轻身，耐老延年。一名
节华，一名日精，一名女节，一名女华，一名女茎，一名更生，一名周盈，一名傅延年，一
名阴成。生雍州川泽及田野，正月采根，三月采叶，五月采茎，九月采花，十一月采实，皆
阴干。
味甘，平，无毒。主五脏六腑寒热邪气，坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金疮 ，解毒
中下气，烦满短气，伤脏咳嗽，止渴。通经脉，利血气。解百药毒，为九土之精，安和七十
二种石，一千二百种草。久服轻身延年。一名蜜甘，一名美草，一名蜜草，一名 草。生河
西川谷积沙山及上郡，二月八月除日采根，曝干，十日成。
味甘，微寒，微温，无毒。主补五脏，安精神，定魂魄，止惊悸，除邪气，明目，开心，
益智。疗肠胃中冷，心腹鼓痛，胸胁逆满，霍乱吐逆，调中，止消渴，通血脉，破坚积，令
人不忘。久服轻身延年。一名人衔，一名鬼盖，一名神草，一名人微，一名土精，一名血参。
如人形者有神，生上党山谷及辽东，二月四月八月上旬采根，竹刀刮，曝干，无令见
(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Sweet in flavor, warm and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats internal injury, tonifies deficiency and emaciation, dispels pathogenic cold and heat, benefits the middle jiao, augments qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, treats facial wandering wind (facial numbness or itching), headache with dizziness, and eye vertigo, directs rebellious qi downward, stops lower back pain, tonifies deficiency consumption and emaciation, fills the five zang organs, clears vexation and heat, and strengthens yin. Long-term use makes ears and eyes clear and bright, lightens the body, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Also known as Shan Yu, Yu Yan in Qin and Chu regions, Tu Shu in Zheng and Yue regions. Grows in valleys of Mount Song. Roots are harvested in February or August and sun-dried.
(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Bitter and sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats head wind causing headache, vertigo, and swelling; eyes feeling like they will fall out; tearing; dead skin and muscles; aversion to wind; damp bi syndrome. Relieves alternating pain with a sense of discomfort, clears vexation and heat in the chest, stabilizes the stomach and intestines, benefits the five meridians, and harmonizes the four limbs. Long-term use promotes blood and qi circulation, lightens the body, enhances resistance to aging, and prolongs life. Also known as Jie Hua, Ri Jing, Nv Jie, Nv Hua, Nv Jing, Geng Sheng, Zhou Ying, Fu Yan Nian, Yin Cheng. Grows in rivers, marshes, fields, and countryside of Yongzhou. Roots are harvested in January, leaves in March, stems in May, flowers in September, and fruits in November; all are dried in shade.
(Licorice Radix et Rhizoma) Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cold and heat pathogenic factors affecting the five zang and six fu organs, strengthens tendons and bones, promotes muscle growth, increases strength, treats metal wounds, detoxifies, directs qi downward, relieves fullness and shortness of breath, treats cough due to organ injury, and stops thirst. Benefits meridians, promotes blood and qi circulation. Detoxifies hundred medicines, regarded as the essence of the nine soils, can stabilize seventy-two types of minerals and one thousand two hundred types of herbs. Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Mi Gan, Mei Cao, Mi Cao, [missing character] Cao. Grows in Ji Sha Mountain and Shangjun region of Hexi river valleys. Roots are harvested on specific days in February or August, sun-dried, and processed over ten days.
(Danshen Radix et Rhizoma) Sweet in flavor, slightly cold and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily tonifies the five zang organs, calms the spirit, stabilizes the hun and po, stops palpitations and fright, dispels evil qi, brightens the eyes, opens the heart orifices, and enhances wisdom. Treats cold in the stomach and intestines, drum-like pain in the heart and abdomen, rebellion and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, cholera with vomiting and regurgitation, harmonizes the middle, stops xiao ke (wasting-thirst), promotes blood vessel patency, breaks up firm accumulations, and prevents forgetfulness. Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Ren Xian, Gui Gai, Shen Cao, Ren Wei, Tu Jing, Xue Shen. Those resembling human form possess divine efficacy. Grows in valleys of Shangdang and Liaodong. Roots are harvested in early months of February and April, scraped with bamboo knives, sun-dried, and protected from light exposure.