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Bi syndrome refers to the invasion of Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, and Dampness pathogens into the Zang and Fu organs. When pathogens enter the Fu organs, the disease is superficial and easy to treat; when they enter the Zang organs, the disease is deep and difficult to treat. There are distinctions among Wind Bi, Cold Bi, Damp Bi, Heat Bi, Qi Bi, as well as Tendon Bi, Bone Bi, Blood Bi, and Flesh Bi. Generally speaking, when Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, and Dampness pathogens invade the Heart, it is called Blood Bi (Xue Bi); when they invade the Spleen, it is called Flesh Bi (Rou Bi); when they invade the Liver, it is called Tendon Bi (Jin Bi); when they invade the Lung, it is called Qi Bi (Qi Bi); and when they invade the Kidney, it is called Bone Bi (Gu Bi). Although the pathogenic factors received are the same, the treatment methods differ. The term "Bi" implies obstruction. When the Five Zang and Six Fu organs are affected by pathogenic factors, the True Qi becomes disordered, leading to obstruction and loss of sensation. Furthermore, symptoms of Bi syndrome may include pain or itching, strangury or spasm, flaccidity with inability to hold, curling with inability to extend, difficulty in walking or standing, slurred speech, hemiplegia, curling of the four limbs, deviation of the mouth and eyes, tilting of hands and feet, ability to walk but not speak, inability to walk, left-sided atrophy, right-sided stagnation, upper parts unable to communicate with lower parts, lower parts unable to communicate with upper parts, pain in either hand, rapid onset leading to death, survival despite pathogenic invasion, panting and fullness with insomnia, or stupor and unconsciousness. All these various manifestations originate from Bi syndrome.

Qi Bi occurs when excessive sorrow, worry, joy, or anger causes Qi stagnation in the upper body. If unresolved for a long time, it damages the Lung; damage to the Lung leads to a gradual decline in the generation of Qi, allowing pathogenic factors to become more dominant. If pathogens remain in the upper part, it causes Bi obstruction in the chest and abdomen, resulting in anorexia; if it flows downward, it causes swelling and heaviness in the legs, making walking impossible; if it attacks the left side, it causes paralysis on the left; if it rushes to the right, it causes numbness on the right; if it penetrates the tongue, it causes aphasia; if it lingers in the intestines, it causes urinary retention; if Qi is obstructed and fails to disperse, it causes pain; if Qi flows without gathering, it causes numbness. Once the True Meridians are damaged, it is difficult to treat. However, if pathogenic factors do not overpower the healthy Qi, recovery is likely. The pulse characteristic of Qi Bi is a deep, slow, and choppy pulse at the Cun Kou position on the right hand. It is advisable to regulate sorrow and worry to nourish Qi, and be cautious with anger to preserve True Qi, which is the best approach.

Blood Bi results from overeating, excessive internal heat, cold damaging the meridians, or dampness invading the Ying and Wei levels, causing blood stasis and accumulation. Consequently, blood fails to nourish the exterior, and Qi fails to nourish the interior. With both interior and exterior losing nourishment, the body gradually emaciates. If the left side becomes atrophic first, the right side cannot lift; if the right side becomes atrophic first, the left side cannot extend; if the upper part becomes atrophic first, it cannot control the lower part; if the lower part becomes atrophic first, it cannot support the upper part. If the middle part becomes atrophic first, the lower part cannot drain and unblock. Hundreds of symptoms arise from blood deficiency. The pulse characteristic of Blood Bi is a knotted (Jie) pulse that is not smooth, or even absent, at the Cun Kou position on the left hand.