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[Diagram of the Form of the Large Intestine Fu Organ]
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: The Large Intestine is the official of transmission, where changes and transformations occur. It also states: The Large Intestine is called the "White Intestine."
When food enters the intestines, the intestines become full while the stomach becomes empty; thus it is said that the Large Intestine is "full but not complete" (referring to containing solid matter but not being tightly packed without space), while the stomach is "complete but not full" (referring to receiving food and drink but needing to be emptied).

The meridian of Hand-Yangming Large Intestine originates at the tip of the radial side of the index finger, follows the radial border of the finger, emerges between the two bones at Hegu (LI4), and ascends into the depression between the two tendons. The "secondary finger" of the thumb refers to the index finger. Generally, regarding the course of meridians, Yin meridians travel on the medial aspect (inner side) of the hands and feet, while Yang meridians travel on the lateral aspect (outer side). This meridian is rich in both blood and qi. It follows the anterior lateral border of the arm, enters the lateral border of the elbow, ascends along the anterior lateral border of the upper arm to the shoulder, emerges from the anterior border of the acromion, ascends to meet at the Huizhui (GV14, C7 spinous process), descends into the Quepen (ST12, supraclavicular fossa), connects with the Lung, passes through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. Its branch diverges from the Quepen, ascends the neck, penetrates the cheek, enters the lower gum, re-emerges crossing the lips at the Renzhong (GV26), with the left meridian crossing to the right and the right to the left, ascending to flank both sides of the nostrils. There are twenty acupoints on this meridian, totaling forty points bilaterally.

Shangyang (LI1, also known as Jueyang): Located on the radial side of the index finger, one grain of rice width from the corner of the nail. It is the Jing-Well point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, belonging to Metal. Needle 1 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.

[Diagram of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian Acupoints]
[Indications] Fullness in the chest, asthma, swelling and pain of limbs, febrile disease with anhidrosis, tinnitus and deafness, alternating chills and fever, malaria, dry mouth, swelling of the jaw, toothache, aversion to cold, stiff and painful traction in the shoulder and back, pain in the Quepen (ST12), blindness. Moxa 3 zhu. Treat the affected side by selecting the opposite side (right for left, left for right); recovery occurs within the time it takes to eat a meal.

Erjian (LI2, also known as Jiangu): Located in the depression on the ulnar side proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. It is the Ying-Spring point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, where qi flows rapidly, belonging to Water. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 5 zhu.
[Indications] Throat obstruction (bi syndrome), submandibular swelling, shoulder and back pain, shivering chills, epistaxis, frequent fright, toothache, yellow eyes, dry mouth, oral stiffness, difficulty swallowing, water retention in typhoid cold damage.

Sanjian (LI3, also known as Shaogu): Located in the depression on the ulnar side distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. It is the Shu-Stream point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, where qi pours in, belonging to Wood.
Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Throat obstruction, sensation of a lump in the throat, caries pain in lower teeth, somnolence, abdominal fullness, borborygmus and watery diarrhea, alternating chills and fever, malaria, scorched lips and dry mouth, asthma, eye pain, frequent fright, excessive salivation, water accumulation due to cold-heat binding.

Hegu (LI4, also known as Hukou): Located in the depression between the metacarpal bones of the index finger and thumb. It is the Yuan-Source point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, where qi passes through. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Severe thirst in typhoid cold damage, floating pulse indicating exterior syndrome, fever and aversion to cold, headache and nuchal rigidity with anhidrosis, alternating chills and fever, malaria, persistent epistaxis, febrile disease with anhidrosis, blurred vision, unilateral or frontal headache, internal pulling pain in the waist and spine, unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy in children. For pregnant women, tonifying Hegu may induce abortion.

Yangxi (LI5, also known as Zhongkui): Located in the depression between the two tendons on the radial side of the wrist. It is the Jing-River point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, where qi flows like a river, belonging to Fire. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Manic speech and laughter, hallucinations of seeing ghosts, vexation in febrile disease, red and ulcerated eyes with pterygium, reversal headache, chest fullness with dyspnea, alternating chills and fever, vomiting of saliva, throat obstruction, tinnitus, convulsions, inability to raise the elbow and arm, scabies with crusts.

Pianli (LI6): Located 3 cun posterior to the wrist crease. It is the Luo-Connecting point where the Yangming meridian diverges to connect with the Taiyin Lung meridian. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Pain in shoulders, arms, elbows, and wrists, blurred vision, toothache, epistaxis, alternating chills and fever, manic disorder with excessive talking, throat obstruction, tinnitus, anhidrosis, promoting urination.

Wenliu (LI7, also known as Nizhu, also known as Chitou): Located 5 or 6 cun posterior to the wrist. The *Mingtang* records it between 5 and 6 cun posterior to the wrist. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Borborygmus and abdominal pain, hiccups in typhoid cold damage, dysphagia with qi stagnation, alternating chills and fever, headache, manic laughter and speech, hallucinations and vomiting of saliva, edema of four limbs, pain in mouth and tongue, throat obstruction.

Xialian (LI9): Located 1 cun below Shanglian on the radius (auxiliary bone), lateral to the prominent muscle. Needle 5 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Undigested stool diarrhea (sun-xie), consumptive disease, lower abdominal fullness, hematuria, manic speech, hemiplegia, damp-bi syndrome, intestinal hernia, pallor, abdominal masses, unbearable abdominal pain, undigested stool diarrhea, periumbilical abdominal pain, indigestion, asthma, salivation, mastitis.

Shanglian (LI10): Located 1 cun below Shousanli (LI10 is actually Shousanli, text says "below Sanli", likely referring to Shousanli LI10 relative to Quchi LI11 or standard location). It is located where the muscle belly meets the Yangming convergence laterally. Needle 5 fen deep, moxa 5 zhu.
[Indications] Dysuria, borborygmus and chest pain, hemiplegia, numbness and insensitivity of hands and feet, wheezing, Large Intestine qi disorders, wind-headache of the brain.

Shousanli (LI10, also known as Sanli): Located 2 cun below Quchi (LI11). Pressing reveals the end of the prominent muscle. Needle 2 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Cholera with urinary incontinence, aphonia, toothache, neck swelling with scrofula, hand bi with numbness, stroke with facial deviation, immobility of hands and feet.

Quchi (LI11): Located at the lateral end of the elbow crease, between the humerus and radius when the elbow is flexed. Take the point with the arm adducted to the chest. It is the He-Sea point of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian, where qi enters and combines, belonging to Earth. Needle 7 fen deep, moxa 7 to 100 zhu.
[Indications] Perimalleolar wind, redness and swelling of the arm, elbow pain, hemiplegia due to wind-stroke, lacrimation due to wind-pathogen, aphonia due to throat obstruction, arm and shoulder pain, flaccid paralysis with difficulty in flexion and extension, weakness, clonic spasms and epilepsy, dry skin, scabies with crusts, amenorrhea in women.

Zhou Liao (LI12): Located in the depression on the lateral side of the large bone of the elbow. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Wind-dampness with somnolence, arm pain with inability to raise, numbness and insensitivity.

Wuli (LI13): Located 3 cun above the elbow, in the center of the major vessel running medially. Contraindicated for needling. Moxa 10 zhu.
[Indications] Wind-consumption, fright, hemoptysis, cough, severe elbow and arm pain with limited movement, distension and rebellious qi, slight fever, scrofula.

Binao (LI14): Located 7 cun above the elbow, at the end of the muscle prominence, 1 cun below Jianliao (SJ14), in the depression between two tendons and two bones. Take the point with the arm held horizontally. It is the intersection of the Hand-Yangming Luo-Connecting vessel with the Hand-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyang, and Yangwei vessels. Not suitable for needling (*Mingtang*). Moxa 7 zhu.
[Indications] Arm pain and weakness, scrofula, neck and nape stiffness.

Jianyu (LI15, also known as Zhongjianjing, also known as Pianjian): Located in the depression between the two bones at the top of the shoulder joint, near the acromion. Take the point with the arm raised; a hollow space appears. It is the intersection of the Foot-Shaoyang and Yangqiao vessels. Needle 6 fen deep, moxa 7 zhu.
[Indications] Stroke and hemiplegia, immobility of hands and feet, shoulder and arm pain with inability to raise overhead, exhaustion with seminal emission and emaciation, persistent fever in typhoid cold damage, heat in four limbs, various goiters. Historically, a person with arm pain and weakness unable to draw a bow could shoot after needling Jianyu.

Jugu (LI16): Located in the depression between the bifurcating bones above the shoulder tip. It is the intersection of the Hand-Yangming and Yangqiao vessels. Contraindicated for needling (*Suwen* Wang Bing commentary). Moxa 7 zhu.
[Indications] Fright epilepsy with hemoptysis, blood stasis in the chest, arm and shoulder pain with inability to flex and extend.

Tianding (SI18): Located 1 cun posterior to Futu (SI17), directly above the Quepen (ST12) on the neck. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Throat obstruction, pharyngeal swelling with inability to eat.

Futu (SI17, also known as Shuixue): Located 1.5 cun posterior to Qishe (ST11), on the neck directly below the angle of the jaw, 1.5 cun posterior to Yingchang (ST9). Take the point with the head tilted back.
[Indications] Cough with excessive saliva, upward rushing qi with wheezing, gurgling sound in the throat like a toad, sudden loss of voice with broken qi.

Heliao (LI18): Located 0.5 cun lateral to the philtrum (Renzhong, GV26), under the nostril. Needle 3 fen deep, moxa 3 zhu.
[Indications] Corpse-jue (syncope) and inability to open the mouth, nasal sores and polyps, nasal congestion with loss of smell, rhinitis and epistaxis.

Yingxiang (LI20): Located 1 cun above Heliao (LI18), 0.5 cun lateral to the alar base. It is the intersection of the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians. Needle 3 fen deep, contraindicated for moxibustion.
[Indications] Nasal congestion with loss of smell, facial paralysis with drooping mouth, facial itching and edema, sensation of wind moving like insects crawling, dyspnea, excessive discharge with sores, rhinitis, epistaxis, and nasal polyps.