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In the context of Cold Damage (Shanghan), frequent urination refers to urine that is frequent but scanty. This occurs because both the Kidney and Bladder are deficient, allowing exogenous heat pathogens to take advantage of this weakness; the deficiency prevents the body from controlling water metabolism. Additionally, if there is accumulated heat in the Bladder, water flow becomes obstructed and sluggish; this obstruction leads to difficult and painful urination, resulting in strangury-like symptoms with frequent urges. If constipation accompanies frequent urination, it is termed "Spleen Constraint" (Pi Yue). "Yue" implies restriction or frugality. The Spleen's function is to transport fluids for the Stomach; when Stomach heat is strong but Spleen Qi is weak, the Spleen's transport function is constrained and fails to operate normally, leading to frequent urination and constipation.

[Diaphoresis Method] After Taiyang disease has been treated with sweating, vomiting, or purging methods, if the patient presents with frequent urination, disharmony of the Stomach, and delirium (Zhenyu), administer a small dose of Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction). If the stool is hard, administer Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction). If there is frequent urination and hard stool, use Pi Yue Wan (Spleen Constraint Pill).

[Warming Method] In Taiyang disease with spontaneous sweating, spasticity and stiffness of the four limbs making flexion and extension difficult, irritability, slight aversion to cold, foot cramps, and frequent urination, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) should not be used. Instead, Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction) and Shaoyao Gancao Tang (Peony and Licorice Decoction) are appropriate.

Jaundice in Cold Damage is characterized by the whole body and face appearing yellow like smoked meat, or resembling the color of plums or oranges. This jaundice arises from failing to sweat when sweating was indicated, or from failing to promote diuresis when diuresis was indicated. When stagnant heat resides within, the body will inevitably turn yellow. If food and fluid stagnate in the chest, and damp-heat steams the muscles corresponding to the Taiyin Spleen Earth, jaundice of the skin results. Treatment must prioritize clearing heat and leaching out dampness. If there is sweating only on the head up to the neck, accompanied by thirst for drinking liquids, this indicates Blood Accumulation (Xue Yu). Generally, jaundice is caused by stagnant heat in the interior and exterior, though cases due to constraint by Wind-Cold occasionally occur. Jaundice in Cold Damage represents a severe stage of illness, and thus many cases prove fatal. If the pulse at the Cun Kou position near the wrist is imperceptible and breath from the nose is cold, it is incurable. If the body appears dark yellow like smoke, with fixed staring gaze and head shaking, it indicates the exhaustion of Heart Qi and death. If the area around the mouth is blackish, accompanied by soft sweating and jaundice, it indicates the exhaustion of Spleen Qi and death.

[Diaphoresis Method] For fever, generalized body pain, and yellowing of the face and eyes due to Dampness affecting the Taiyang channel, use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) or Lianqiao Chixiaodou Tang (Forsythia and Red Bean Decoction). For jaundice with a floating and tight pulse, purgation is contraindicated; use Mahuang Geban Tang (Mahuang Half-Dose Decoction). For persistent fever and yellowing due to blood stasis in the interior with slightly free urination, use Ma Huang Lian Qiao Chi Xiao Dou Tang (Ephedra, Forsythia, and Red Bean Decoction).

[Harmonizing Method] For alternating chills and fever with generalized pain, use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fructus). For a floating and wiry pulse, cough, shortness of breath, absence of sweating, hypochondriac pain, dry nose, drowsiness, continuous tidal fever of the whole body and face, and difficulty in urination, use Chai Ling Tang (Bupleurum and Poria Decoction).

[Promoting Diuresis] For fever with head sweating, thirst for water, free urination, and loose, bright yellow stools, use Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) added with Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba). For difficulty in urination, heavy sensation in the four limbs, malaria-like symptoms, and lack of desire for water, use Yinchen Wuling San (Artemisiae Scopariae and Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria Decoction). After taking these formulas, if the urine resembles soap pod juice, the jaundice will exit through the urine.

[Yin Jaundice Requires Warming] When cold damages the interior, presenting with a weak pulse and deficient Qi, while urination remains normal, transforming into Yin Jaundice, use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba). Han Zhihe stated: Excessive purging leads to Spleen and Stomach deficiency, depletion of body fluids, and further injury from drinking water. This is Yin-Dampness injuring the Spleen causing jaundice; suitable formulas include Yinchen Fuling Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Poria Decoction), Fuling Jupi Tang (Poria and Tangerine Peel Decoction), Xiao Yinchen Tang (Minor Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction), Yinchen Sini Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Counterflow Toxin Decoction), and Yinchen Zhuyu Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Cornus Decoction).

[Nasal Irritation] At the initial sign of jaundice, blow Gudi San (Melon Spore Powder) into the nasal cavity. Hold water in the mouth and stimulate the nose; the appearance of yellow fluid from the nose confirms efficacy.