经云∶风为百病之长,善行而数变。又曰∶伤于风者,上先受之。又曰∶虚邪贼风,
阳先受之。
陈无择云∶经曰春伤于风,乃四时之序也。风循经络,以日传变,与伤寒无异。但寒泣
血,故无汗恶寒;风散气,故有汗恶风,为不同。仲景太阳经分伤寒、伤风不同,后人纂
集不分门类,但以风、寒、暑、湿、时气、瘟疫,凡太阳病皆谓之伤寒。今立伤风一门,分
别无混。
风为天地浩荡之气,四时八风之变,未尝无也。间有伤者,皆因不能法道清净,腠理
不密,表上阳虚所致,一因也。有挟虚痰热,其气拂郁,风邪易于外束,二因也。经曰∶清净
则内腠闭拒,虽有大风苛毒,弗之能害是也。
若表虚受风,专行发散之药,必致汗多亡阳。若内挟痰热而伤风者,宜内外交治,不可专
以解表。腠理疏
泄,不觉易感者耳。固卫气,兼散风邪,如桂枝汤之属是也。
足太阳膀胱经,桂枝汤。足阳明胃经,杏子汤。足少阳胆经,柴胡加桂汤。足太
阴脾经,桂枝芍药汤。足少阴肾经,桂附汤。足厥阴肝经,八物汤。
前方皆以桂枝汤三味加以各经药,皆是立温解散之剂。
(仲景)桂枝汤 治太阳经伤风自汗。
桂枝 芍药(各二钱) 甘草(一钱)
上水二盏,姜三片、枣一枚煎服。
桂枝芍药汤、柴胡加桂汤、杏子汤、桂附汤(以上四方见伤寒门)
八物汤(见虚损门)
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: Wind is the chief of all diseases, characterized by its ability to move freely and change rapidly. It further states: When injured by wind, the upper part of the body is affected first. It also states: Deficient evil and thieving wind affect the Yang aspect first.
Chen Wuyue stated: The classic text mentions "injury by wind in spring," which follows the order of the four seasons. Wind follows the meridians and transmits daily, similar to cold damage (Shanghan). However, cold causes blood to congeal, resulting in anhidrosis (absence of sweating) and aversion to cold; wind disperses Qi, resulting in spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind. This constitutes their difference. Zhang Zhongjing distinguished between cold damage and wind injury within the Taiyang Meridian, but later compilers did not categorize them separately, referring to all Taiyang diseases as cold damage. Now, a separate category for "wind injury" is established to avoid confusion.
Wind is the vast energy of heaven and earth; the changes of the eight winds across the four seasons are constant. Occasional injuries occur primarily because one fails to adhere to the path of purity and stillness, leading to loose interstices (Couli) and deficiency of exterior Yang—this is the first cause. Another cause is the presence of internal deficiency-phlegm-heat, where Qi stagnates, making it easy for wind evil to bind from the exterior—this is the second cause. The classic states: "Maintaining purity and stillness closes and repels the internal interstices; even with great wind and severe toxins, harm cannot be inflicted." This refers to the aforementioned principle.
If exterior deficiency leads to wind invasion, using exclusively dispersing drugs will inevitably cause excessive sweating and loss of Yang Qi. If wind injury involves internal phlegm-heat, both interior and exterior must be treated simultaneously; relying solely on exterior resolution is inappropriate. The interstices are lax and leaky, making one susceptible to external pathogens without realizing it. One should consolidate Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) while simultaneously dispersing wind evil, such as with Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
For the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). For the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, use Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction). For the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, use Chaihu Jia Gui Tang (Bupleurum Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction). For the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, use Guizhi Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction). For the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, use Guifu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction). For the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian, use Bawu Tang (Eight-Ingredient Decoction).
All the aforementioned formulas are based on the three ingredients of Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), added with herbs specific to each meridian, establishing them as warming and dispersing agents.
The *Tun Jing* states: A pulse that is floating and large indicates wind. The *Quanyu* states: A floating and moderate pulse accompanied by nasal congestion indicates wind injury.
(Zhang Zhongjing) Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) treats spontaneous sweating due to wind injury in the Taiyang Meridian.
Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Shaoyao (Peony Root) (each 2 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root) (1 qian).
Take two cups of water, add three slices of ginger and one jujube, decoct, and take orally.
Guizhi Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction), Chaihu Jia Gui Tang (Bupleurum Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction), Guifu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) (the above four formulas are seen in the Cold Damage section).
Bawu Tang (Eight-Ingredient Decoction) (seen in the Deficiency Damage section).