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He was a person from the era of the Warring States (Six Kingdoms). At that time, few people recognized his talent; only Bian Que considered him extraordinary and treated him with respect. Chang Sang Jun also knew that Bian Que was not an ordinary person, so he bestowed upon him all his secret prescriptions. This account comes from *Records of the Grand Historian* (*Shiji*).

Qin Yueren, whose surname was Qin and given name Yueren, was from Lu County in Bohai Commandery. He grasped the essence of the *Suwen* (Basic Questions) and *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot), and authored the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues, literally "Eighty-One Difficulties"). In his youth, he served as the manager of an inn. A guest at the inn, Chang Sang Jun, was skilled in medicine; he passed down secret prescriptions to Qin Yueren and instructed him to drink water collected before dawn (Shangchi Water), stating that after thirty days, he would be able to perceive things clearly. Yueren followed these instructions, drank the water, and indeed gained the ability to see through the body, observing the condensation within the five zang organs. One day, he saw Duke Huan of Qi (Note: Text says Qi Huan Hou) and said, "Your disease is in the skin and pores." The Duke replied, "I have no illness." Five days later, meeting again, he said, "Your disease is in the blood vessels." Five days after that, he said, "Your disease is in the stomach and intestines." Five days later still, he said, "Your disease is in the bone marrow; even Si Ming (the deity of life) cannot do anything about it." Not long after, the Duke's illness manifested, Bian Que had already fled, and the Duke subsequently died. Thus, treating a disease when it is slight is usually easy to cure; treating it when it is severe is necessarily difficult to recover from. Students of medicine must understand this. Li Xi, the Imperial Physician-in-Chief of Qin, jealous of Bian Que, secretly ordered his assassination.

A native of Fuxiang in Langya Commandery, he often sold medicines by the East Sea, and people called him the "Thousand-Year-Old Man." When Qin Shi Huang toured the east, he requested an audience, conversed with him for three days and nights, and bestowed upon him countless gold, jade, and bi discs. As a return gift, Qin Shi Huang gave him a pair of red jade shoes, saying, "Seek me on Penglai Mountain in a few years." He left the shoes and departed. Qin Shi Huang sent envoys such as Xu Shi into the sea to search for him, but they failed to reach him and returned. This account comes from *Biographies of Divine Immortals* (*Liexian Zhuan*).

A native of Mount Tai, his family generations favored the teachings of Huang-Lao (Huangdi and Laozi), and he claimed to be three hundred years old. He sold medicines in urban markets and later prepared Huang San (Yellow Powder) and Chi Wan (Red Pills). During a plague in the folk society where tens of thousands died, Wen Zi (Note: Refers to a specific figure or wise man mentioned in context) offered a vermilion cap and administered the powder, and the patients revived immediately. Later, he went to Shu to trade medicines, and people regarded him as a celestial immortal when they saw him. Same source as above.

He served as the Imperial Physician-in-Chief of Qin and lived at the same time as Bian Que. Feeling ashamed that his medical skills were inferior to Bian Que's, he secretly arranged for Bian Que's assassination. Bian Que was the divine physician of his time; the fact that Li Xi killed him out of jealousy and faced no punishment indicates the extent to which the legal system and moral order of Qin had decayed.

A disciple of Bian Que. It was said that the Crown Prince had died. Bian Que instructed his disciple Zi Yang to use sharp needles and bian stones (stone lancets) to treat the Sanyang Wuhui acupoint (Baihui, GV20). After a short while, the Crown Prince regained consciousness.