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In children suffering from smallpox (Dochuang), if the Spleen and Stomach remain warm and harmonious, and the interior and exterior are balanced throughout the course of the disease, there will be no residual symptoms after the eruption subsides. However, if the Heat-Toxin is excessively vigorous and fails to be resolved, or if warming herbs such as Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Fuzi (Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata) are overused, residual toxins may still manifest after the scabs fall off. Mild cases present with sore throat, dental lesions, eye disorders, epistaxis or hematemesis, and carbuncles or sores; severe cases may develop into convulsions and spasms due to extreme Heat generating Wind, often resulting in death. Treatment should follow the subsequent guidelines.

1. If the Toxin was vigorous at the initial stage of the eruption, or if toxic substances like Fuzi were ingested, one should administer Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction) for one or two doses, or San Dou Tang (Three Beans Decoction), immediately after the scabs fall off. This is an excellent method for resolving toxins. If residual Heat persists: for mild cases, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction); for deficiency-Heat causing irritability and insomnia, use Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) with Suanzaoren (Ziziphus Seed); for persistent high fever throughout the body, use Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity); for irritability, thirst, and delirium, use Chen Sha Liu Yi San (Cinnabar Six-to-One Powder); for excessive Heat with constipation, abdominal distension, and interior excess, use Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to purge.

2. For residual toxins after smallpox, particularly where prior administration of Fuzi caused Heat-Toxin to accumulate without dispersing, leading to swelling of the head vertex, chest, back, hands, feet, and joints, forming carbuncles and toxic swellings, Xiaodu Yin and Xiao Chai Hu Tang should be used, with increased dosages of Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Yinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), and Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix). If pus has formed, it must be lanced. If "smallpox wind sores" appear, only Xiaodu Yin or Baidu San (Detoxifying Powder) should be used.

3. For convulsions and spasms triggered by residual Heat, Baolong Wan (Embracing Dragon Pill) is the primary treatment. If the condition worsens after two or three days, the prognosis is fatal.

4. When Heat-Toxin attacks the eyes, causing swelling, pain, and blood vessels obscuring the pupil, Xigan San (Liver-Washing Powder) is indicated. In cases of severe high fever, add Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), and Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus). If swelling is so severe that the eyes cannot open, mix Huanglian powder with egg white (Jizi Qing) and apply it to the Taiyang acupoints (GB-2) and the center of the soles of the feet (Yongquan, KI-1) to guide the Heat-Toxin downward.

5. For sore throat and swelling, Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) is used with Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Shaye (Belamcandae Rhizoma), and Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus). Add Huangqin for excessive Heat, and Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) for astringent and painful urination.

6. For gingival gangrene (Yagan) with swelling, pain, bleeding, and receding gums, Ganlu Yinzǐ (Sweet Dew Guide) is prescribed. For severe rotting of the gums, decoct old tea and Chinese chive roots (Jiucaigen) strongly, wash the area, and then apply Yasan (Tooth Powder).

7. For cough induced by exposure to Wind-Cold, add Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Xingren (Prunus Seed), Jiucaygen, Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), and Babai Gen to dispersing formulas. Add Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) for excessive phlegm. If the Toxin attacks the Lung, resulting in rapid breathing and coughing up foul-smelling purulent blood, the prognosis is fatal.

8. For Spleen and Stomach weakness with indigestion, administer Pingwei San (Peace the Stomach Powder) in small amounts, added with Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma). For vomiting and diarrhea, use Weiling Tang (Stomach and Pi Water-Decoction). For severe Cold causing vomiting, regurgitation, and diarrhea, use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction). Generally, post-smallpox conditions are mostly due to residual Heat, with few cases caused by Cold.