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Regarding the treatment of the seven types of hernia (Shan), Zhang Hezi's discussion is the most detailed. The gist lies in using acrid and aromatic herbs to drain the Liver, allowing Qi to be dispersed and unblocked, thereby alleviating the disease. If regulation according to this method fails, one may employ a seven-herb guiding method to gather Kidney Qi and boost Spleen Yang, yet the sinking Qi remains unresolved. Moxibustion steaming the navel provides only temporary relief. The *Neijing* states that when the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) is diseased, men suffer from internal knotting of the seven hernias, while women suffer from leukorrhea and mass accumulation (Jia Ju). These conditions are all governed by the extraordinary vessels. Therefore, formulas for draining and dispersing can only treat Qi excess; Ginseng and Atractylodes macrocephala tonifying formulas only treat middle deficiency with sinking of clear Yang, offering no benefit to diseases of the Yuan Hai (Root Sea/Kidney Qi) and extraordinary vessels. From prime age to old age, if the root of the disease persists, the lower Jiao declines daily. Thus, it can be seen that although the "boosting Yang" method matches the presentation, in old age it can only barely sustain the condition, provided the disease does not worsen.

Prescription: Lu Rong (Deer Antler without Bone), Lu Jiao Shuang (Deer Horn Frost), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Sheng Tu Si Zi (Dodder Seed), Sha Ji Li (Tribulus Terrestris), Chuan Gui Zhi Jian (Cinnamon Twig Tip).

Liver disease causes collateral deficiency and Qi aggregation, manifesting as stagnation and distension in the lower abdomen. Previously, Hejian's Jin Ling Zi San was used, added with Mu Li (Oyster Shell) and Ju Ye (Citrus Leaf), combined with the salty, acrid, and bitter overcoming method, yielding slight efficacy and improved appetite. The patient describes that when hungry, there is intense borborygmus in the hypochondrium and abdomen, followed by relief as turbid Qi descends. This belongs to the category of surplus within collateral deficiency. Given the emaciated and frail physique, pure attacking methods should not be used.

Prescription: Tao Ren (Peach Kernel), Dang Gui Shao (Tip of Angelica Root), Chao Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Ju He (Tangerine Seed), Yu Li Ren (Bush Cherry Pit), Nan Shan Zha (Crataegus Pinnatifida), Cong Bai Zhi Wan (Scallion White Juice Pill).

The pulse is wiry on the right and choppy on the left. Pain at the umbilicus radiates to the lower abdomen, indicating solidified formation. Vomiting of yellow turbid fluid, inability to pass stool despite the urge. If a gurgling sound is heard in the affected area, pain slightly decreases; however, pain intensifies when the body is externally fixed and immobile. This belongs to Liver Qi Hernia and Mass (Xian Zha). Using acrid and aromatic Qi-moving methods follows the principle that "patency prevents pain."

Prescription: Chao Tao Ren (Peach Kernel), Chao Ju He (Tangerine Seed), Jin Ling Zi (Melia Toosendan), Chao Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizome), Jiu Bai Zhi (Garlic Chive White Part), Liang Tou Jian (Asparagus Fern Stem), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel).

Hernia knots in the lower abdomen, feeling hard upon pressure. Whenever overly hungry, Qi rushes to the epigastrium, causing acid regurgitation and distension. The patient reports the disease originated from anger and fatigue, internally corresponding to the Liver. Liver rebellion invades the Stomach; when hungry, Stomach Qi is weak and Liver Wood overacts. Upper belching and lower flatulence provide relief.

Prescription: Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark), Zhen Ju He (True Tangerine Seed), Qing Mu Xiang (Vladimiria Root), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Chuan Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale), Cu Gui Zhi (Coarse Cinnamon Twig), Li Gen Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark).

The seven hernias relate to the Liver. The *Neijing* mentions Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) disease. However, the Chong Mai belongs to the Yangming Stomach. Liver Wood inevitably overacts on Stomach Earth, causing Stomach Qi to churn and rebel, leading to vomiting of roundworms, retching, inability to ingest fluids or food, and incessant hiccups. All these indicate chaotic Qi reversal without end, leading to critical Zang Cold (Zang Jue). The Liver substance is inherently rigid, with Minister Fire residing within. Using a series of hot and dry medications to reinforce rigidity with rigidity risks fracture. To drain turbidity, Zhu Nanyang's method is proposed.

Prescription: Jiu Bai Gen (Garlic Chive Root), Liang Tou Jian (Asparagus Fern Stem), Jin Ling Zi (Melia Toosendan), Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizome), Gui Xu (Angelica Root Tip), Rou Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart).

Pain starts from the scrotum and gradually occupies the left side of the lower abdomen. The Jueyin Liver Meridian surrounds the genital organs. Excessive mental exertion and planning damage the Liver. Qi aggregates and changes form, causing pain. The disease is named Hernia. Hernias are divided into seven types: acute hernias are mostly cold, chronic hernias are mostly heat. Relief comes from venting Qi; promotion of circulation can dispel disease. Since the lower Jiao is a deep and distant region, Qi heat and dampness stagnation can be inferred.

Prescription: Chuan Lian Zi (Melia Fruit), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Hei Shan Zhi (Black Gardenia), Ju He (Tangerine Seed), Chuan Lian Zi (Toosendan Fruit), Qing Mu Xiang (Vladimiria Root), Yu Li Ren (Bush Cherry Pit), Dong Kui Zi (Okra Seed).

Malaria mother (mass due to malaria) for ten years, a chronic stubborn disease, drugs are ineffective. After prolonged malaria pathogen, evil combines with Qi and Blood, knotting in the collaterals, making it difficult for drugs to enter. Malaria stays within Liver and Gallbladder; hernias do not go beyond Liver disease. Zhang Hezi's classification of the seven hernias is detailed, but for deficient constitutions, one cannot solely use acrid and aromatic herbs. Severe sinking suggests using animal-derived substances for warming and unblocking to nurture vital Qi.

Prescription: Lu Rong (Deer Antler without Bone), Da Hui Xiang (Star Anise), Chuan Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Shui An Xi Xiang (Water Asafoetida), Pao Hei Chuan Wu (Processed Black Aconite), Quan Xie (Scorpion).

Pulse is deep with much phlegm; hands and body have red sores. Chronic hernia is below; Qi sinks from the right hypochondrium to the lower abdomen. Previous proposal of Kong Xian Dan to drive out bi syndrome failed. Likely long-standing damp-heat accumulation is not merely in membranes and meridians. Use Jun Chuan Wan (40 pills), divided into two doses, taken every other day. It successfully cleared bowel accumulation. However, after clearing bowels and unblocking congestion, once sticky phlegm is down, the hernia still gathers on the right, worsening in cold winter months. Resting produces sounds; walking reveals visible forms directly dropping into the scrotum. Acute attack on chronic disease is ineffective. Proposal uses acrid-sweet wind-transforming method. Ancients believed 80-90% of hernias are Liver diseases.

Prescription: Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Lu Jiao (Deer Horn), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Chuan Xiong (Sichuan Lovage Rhizome), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Licorice), Fu Ling (Poria), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), Yang Rou Jiao Wan (Mutton Gelatin Pill).

Men's hernia knotting is described in the *Neijing* as Chong and Ren vessel disease. Zhang Hezi generally discusses draining the Liver. Now the hernia is unresolved, with a high, protruding hardness on the right of the umbilicus. This has progressed from hernia to mass accumulation (Jia Ju) and intestinal tumefaction (Chang Qun). Chang Qun refers to cold pathogen lodging in the Large Intestine, fighting with Stomach Qi. Large Intestine and Lung are exterior-interior; they transmit Lung Qi. Cold causes Qi stagnation; clear Qi scatters and turbid Qi knots to form masses. Prolonged, it resembles pregnancy, hard upon pressure, movable upon pushing. This is Qi disease without Blood disease.

Prescription: Chuan Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale), Jiao Mu (Sesame Seed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Chuan Lian Zi (Toosendan Fruit), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit), Fu Ling (Poria), She Xiang (Musk), Bai Jie Zi (White Mustard Seed).

Elderly hernia symptoms result from lower origin deficiency, cold condensation, and knotting attacks. It is a chronic stubborn disease; drugs are hard to effect. Warm qi assists Yang to move, slightly resolving Yin evil and turbid Qi, providing only temporary minor relief. The disease is in Liver and Kidney, the pathway is circuitous. Drugs must enter via throat to Stomach, then to Intestines to reach the disease site. Places without disease in upper and middle Jiao will suffer from the harsh attack of hernia drugs. If Stomach Qi weakens and hinders eating, how can treatment proceed? Yin turbidity coagulates into form; pure Yang and vigorous medicines are typically chosen. Formerly, Elder Hu suffered chronic hernia in old age; Shi Quan Da Bu Tang was ineffective. Yu Jiayan refuted the half-Yin half-Yang illegality, proposing Ginger and Aconite pills coated with Ginseng and Poria. The taste of Ginseng and Poria is perceived in the throat, but only after passing the Stomach does the fierce potency reveal itself, precisely attacking the disease site. This proposal is very correct.

Prescription: Sheng Pao Fu Zi (Raw Processed Aconite), Dan Gan Jiang (Light Dried Ginger), Da Hui Xiang (Star Anise) stir-fried and ground to fine powder; Zhen Shui An Xi Xiang (Real Water Asafoetida) pounded into small pills, coated with Ginseng powder.