全国解放后，一九五三年我在万县卫生学校担任医学史教学，编写《中国医学发展史概况》教材。一九五六年我由万县奉调来成都中医学院至今。初任学院妇科和《金匮》两门课程的教学，编写妇科和《金匮》的教材，后又专任学院附属医院的妇科主任，坚持临床。尔来四十四年，虽历尽人问沧桑，但在悠悠歧黄路上，我坚守袁门家法，力求广取各家之长，而又不墨守成规，对于许多医界治疗尚感棘手的疑难病症，则根据疾病发生，发展的规律，又不断摸索，不断总结，终于有所收获，有所前进。在理论上，我恪守辨证论治，随证施治的原则，根据古代医典提供的正确原理和本人经验，返博为约，对内科各种疾病归纳为活血通络化瘀、活血化瘀舒筋软坚、补虚化瘀理气，清热化湿消炎，熄风通络、疏肝通络消胀等六种治疗途径，简称「内科六法」。我用以通治脑震荡，脑垂体肿瘤、桥脑失调、静脉曲张、血栓性脉管炎，雷诺氏病、脑肿瘤手术后半身麻痹、侧索动脉硬化，红斑性狼疮、高血压、脑溢血、冠状动脉硬化、子宫肌瘤，卵巢囊肿、宫外孕，视网膜中央静脉阻塞、风湿性心脏病、象皮腿、硬皮病、慢性肝炎、肝硬化腹水、肝脾肿大，阿迪森氏病、盆腔炎、子宫内膜炎、肾盂肾炎、肾炎、膀胱炎、大叶性肺炎、急性黄胆肝炎、胆囊炎、白血病、胸膜炎、癫痫、子病、神经分裂症、夜游症、乳核、胰腺炎、眩晕、腹胀等四十二种疾病，临床均有一定成效。对于妇科各类疾病，我又归纳为温、清、攻、补、消、和的治疗六法。用温法以温肾运脾通阳散寒，治疗寒性病用清法，以清血热，熄风润燥，治疗温毒病和肝阳旺盛或肝火上扰所引起的头晕目眩等症，用攻法以攻坚消积化瘀，治疗子宫肌瘤：宫外孕、卵巢囊肿、乳腺瘤、瘀血凝结等包块、包括堕胎用补法以补气血，益肾水、滋养机体、消除一切衰弱症候，用消法以消导软坚，治疗胃肠阻滞，食积内阻，脘腹胀满或症瘕积聚、乳核等症；用和法以调和肝脾，治疗月经不调，妊娠恶阻，均能获得比较满意的效果。至于本人根据《金匮》中的「升麻鳖甲汤」和《温病条辨》中的银翘散化裁而成的「锻甲合剂」、「银甲丸」用以治疗妇科下焦各慢性炎症，均有显效，曾被卫生部和有关中医书刊推广。以上这些，先后整理成《王渭川临床经验选》和《王渭川妇科治疗经验》两书，已分别由陕西人民出版社和四川人民出版社出版。另外，在长期临床和教学过程中，我还发现：《金匮》一书，虽是古代治疗杂病的典范，在历史上曾起过重要的影响，在今天也仍然是每一个中医学习者的必读书目，但由于经过历史上的长期战乱，原书脱简错乱之处很多，加上当时科学发展有限，作者有一定的历史局限，显然其中有些理论和药方已不能适应今天医学实践的需要，如照搬成规和原方，往往临床效果不佳。因此，又作《金匮心释》一书，试图结合个人从医六十年的经验教训，运用现代医学的成果，对其中的精芜之处作一解释，以供学者参考。
当然，人生有涯而知无涯。医林涉足，无不如此。本人从医六十年所得的点滴成就，恰如沧海一粟，遂远不能满足广大人民的需要。但我还有志于青山夕照，以现今八十四岁之年为新的起点，争取为祖国四化再多做一点新的贡献。小诗一首，聊表寸心：
诗无寸卷留天地，
医有三编付继人。
暮岁但求争四化，
不辞风雪走风尘。
闯出一条新路北京儿童学院副教授中华全国中医学会理事王鹏飞
【作者简介】王鹏飞(1911～)，北京人。从事中医儿科临床近五十年。医术祖传三代，遣方用药，独具风格，是北京地区闻名的儿科医师，人们亲切地称他为「小儿王」。现任北京市政协卫生组剐组长，着有《王鹏飞儿科临床经验选》等。
我家从祖父起就从事中医儿科。祖父王润吉早年除在北京临诊外，每年还用大部分时间，深入到云、贵、川等地区，在为当地老百姓解除疾病痛苦之余，还向当地的草泽医虚心学习验方、秘方。民间医药之丰富多采，使用药物之简便，疗效之神速，使祖父大开眼界，并深为惊叹。因此，在以后诊断用药方面，也慢慢地转向简、便、廉、验，并开始自己制备成药，急病者可以立服，药价便宜，效果迅速，影响日见扩大，开始被誉为「小儿王」。我父亲王子仲承继家学，奋发图强，勤学苦研，尽得祖父之心传，医名渐噪，求诊者亦络绎不绝。解放前曾任北平国医公会(即北京中医学会前身)会长等职。
我生长在中医世家，从小耳闻目睹，并亲身体验到了中医中药为重多的患者解除痛苦的生动情景，使我爱上了中医事业。十八岁时我正在北京民国大学预科学习，先父因急于传授家学，就让我开始习医，先让我系统地学习中医经典著作。我花费了整整三年的时间学习了《黄帝内经》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》、《难经》以及《神农本草经》等，并时常向当时的北京名医前辈如汪逢春、马佐良，袁鹤侪等请教，受其指点，亦获益不浅。对于学习经典著作，当时是一边阅读，一边背诵，直至背得滚瓜烂熟为止。《内经》的大部分条文，时隔二十多年我仍能完整不缺地背诵下来，这完全得益于那时练过死记硬背的基本功。学完了经典著作，家父又让我精读《本草纲目》、《本草经疏》、《本草备要》、《要药分剂》、《温热经纬》、《寿世保元》、《幼幼集成》、《婴童百问》、《食物本草》等书籍。此外，他常说「临诊如临阵，用药如用兵」，又让我细读《孙子兵法·十三篇》等书。其目的是要我多读书，广泛地阅读其它医家的著作，尽量把前人的学术思想与临床经验继承下来。扎实的基础理论学习对于以后应付繁忙的临床工作起了很大的作用。
进入临床侍诊阶段，先父的处方用药使我一时难以理解与接受。中医自古以来用药即有经方与时方之分，如治外感热病，非辛温之麻黄、桂枝，必辛凉之桑菊、银翘，那种不懂得汤头开口动手便错的传统，已被中医界视为准则。可是家父用的却是非「经」非「时」的独自刨制的六味小方，药也是一般医师所鲜用者，但患者仍门庭若市，拥挤非常。我家祖传之方药，不少来源于民间有效的方药。民间验方也是我国劳动人民长期同疾病作斗争而取得的，它保存着许多劳动人民与医家在同疾病作斗争中所积累的宝贵经验。祖父「博采众方」，兼收并蓄，又不泥于常法而加以创新。我国历代医学家如孙思邈、李时珍、赵学敏、沈括等，都十分注意吸收民间传统的治疗经验，常以小方小药为患者解除痛苦，在他们的著作里记载了不少来自民间的实践经验。这样，他们既接受了广大人民群众的经验，又丰富了自己的医疗实践，对于祖国医学的发展作出了一定的贡献。
在我的行医过程中，有的同道说我有「离经叛道的趋势」。但看到祖传之医术，历经几代其势不衰，使我相信有其然，必有其所以然的道理。倒如对于小儿常见的腹泻、痢疾，我常用温中固涩的肉蔻、丁香，赤石脂，实际这是宗医圣仲景之法则。在《伤寒论·少阴病》中，他曾多次地指出：下利不止，便脓血者，用桃花汤或赤石脂禹余粮汤。此处下利均因里寒而下焦不约，用赤石脂的甘温固涩止泻。以肉蔻、丁香之辛温易干姜、禹余粮之辛热，加强了温中健脾之力，往往能获得较好的止泻效果。又如治小儿黄疸及胎黄，我一直应用乳香、茜草、山楂、紫草、青黛等凉血活血化瘀为主，清热为辅的方药，乍一看似乎不伦不类，但只要细致的琢磨，就知道它的理论根据也是来源于张仲景的观点。分析《伤寒论》中的发黄症，按其病因而分，大体可归纳为田类，即湿热发黄、火逆发黄、瘀血发黄、寒湿发黄。前三者它们都具有瘀热在里和邪热伤血的特点，都是热证、实证。《金匮要略·黄疸病脉证并治》有四处均以瘀热论及发黄，证明发黄与邪热伤血直接有关，并阐明了湿热闭郁脾胃气机，邪热郁结于血分，导致湿热发黄的道理。仲景在使用治黄的方药中均兼有活血散结的功能，他启发我们在黄疸，尤其在阳黄的治疗中，应用活血化瘀之法是有其理论根据的。这就是近人所谓「黄疸必伤血，治黄要活血」的论点。以同样的观点用于治疗小儿原因不明的肝脾肿大，也能取得好效果。
自古以来即称小儿科为哑科，其痛苦不能自自，然脏腑之色，皆荣于面，有诸内必见诸外，故望之可知疾病之起始，决预后之吉凶。至于闻、切二诊，虽在诊断上也很重要，但就儿科来说，均以望诊为主。先祖对患儿望诊时除望神志、体质、面色、精神，望二便，察舌苔、爪甲等外，还吸取了祖国医学中频于失传的宝贵经验望上颚的方法，能够从患儿上颚各部位颜色的变化来判断疾患之寒热虚实，在临床中用以指导辨证论治和用药颇有得心应手之处。上颚望诊主要是观察患儿口腔上颚各部位颜色的变化，或是否有出血点、小凹点的出现。小儿患病后与疾病所相应的脏腑之上颚部位的颜色会起变化。尤其有脾胃病的小儿，其上颚部位颜色变化尤为明显。在小儿腹泻时，我必观察其上颚颜色而决定用药。若其颚前、颚后均为粉红色，二臼齿处乳白，中柱淡黄或乳白，多属脾胃虚寒，治宜温补脾肾，固肠止泻，多能取得较好的效果。
一九五四年，我参加了北京儿童医院中医科工作，党组织对我家祖传的临床经验予以极大的重视，不但派了学过中医的西医主治医师帮我总结经验，而且拨出三十二张床位专供我观察和研究之用。小儿肺炎喘嗽是常见的呼吸道疾病，症状复杂，类型很多，全国各地都一直沿用《伤寒论》的名方麻杏甘石汤加减，以宣肺泄热、止咳定喘，获得了较好的疗效。仲景之方多适用于成人，其中温药初学者在应用于儿科热性病时常掌握不好，而时有失治或误治者。根据小儿脏腑柔弱，稚阳未充，稚阴未长，成而未全，全而未壮等特点，我在诊治小儿肺炎时创制了宣肺降逆，清化痰热为治则的银黛合剂，即银杏、青黛、寒水石、地骨皮、苏子、天竺黄等六味药，应用于临床，多年来亦获得了较好的效果。一九五八年冬至一九六0年春用银黛汤剂治疗肺炎163例，治愈率为98．76％。一九六一年至一九七八年中医科病房曾分阶段系统使用本剂治疗肺炎共413例，治愈、好转率达95。6%以上，其中曾分二组(共180例)各与抗菌素进行对照观察，两组在退热、喘憋消失、肺部罗音消失时间上进行统计学处理，无明显差异。此方剂已被北京、上海、唐山部分医院临床所使用，也取得了较好的效果。中国医学科学院抗菌素研究所曾对本方抗菌、祛痰、平喘的作用进行了专门的研究。
关于腹泻，在《内经》中已分有洞泻、濡泻，飧泻及肠澼四种。自唐以来在认识上又有了提高，在儿科临床中又进一步把腹泻分为九种，有冷泻、热泻、伤食泻、水泻、积泻、风泻、惊泻、脏寒泻、疳积酿泻等，但名称似嫌过多，初学者不易掌握。我在临床中发现，婴幼儿腹泻之病因无不以脾胃虚弱为主，病邪居次，而作泻后致脾胃更虚，治疗上应以扶正治本为主。我在临床上主要将其分为虚寒与实热两型，其病虚寒者占十之八九。我不用附子理中、参苓白朮、四神丸一类药物，而以内蔻、丁香、赤石脂、伏龙肝、莲肉、寒水石为主，重者还可加用官桂等。自一九七0年至一九七五年曾治疗收住院的婴幼儿腹泻794例(对中、重度脱水者配合静脉输液等，不用抗菌素)，其中夏季腹泻385侧，逐年治愈率为62．2～82．6％秋季腹泻409例，逐年治愈率为91．8～95％。官桂与赤石脂据文献记载被列为「十九畏」之中，但据我体会，二药在配伍时，非但未见其弊，反有加强温中周肠之功，止泻效果显著。因此，对古代的文献不可不信，但亦不要迷信。要敢于在实践中予以反复地检验。再如嗜异癖一症，近年来此病患儿有所增多，如嗜食煤渣，土块、墙泥、砂石、纸片、火柴、钮扣或玩具上的油漆等。祖国医学对本病的描述多散见于有关疳证、虫积之类症候中，一直认为是因感染虫症和疳积所致，在治疗上也以健脾益气、消导攻积驱虫为主。我认为疾病初起为胃内有热，所谓「胃热者善饥」，饥不择食而误食异物，食久便成癖，又因异物积滞不化，脾胃受损，运化失常，积滞日久，便又郁而生热。所以，我认为嗜异癖不是疳证，也不是由于虫积所致，治疗时从不驱虫、攻积，而是清热为主。异物总是有毒的，进入体内日久，留滞血分，耗伤阴血，在治疗上应着重于清热解毒，予以青黛、贯仲、绿豆、紫草、白矾面等，若阴血耗伤较甚，面黄肌瘦、贫血明显者，可加黄精、白芨、何首乌等以活血养血，每能取得较好的效果。
After the founding of New China, in 1953, I served as a teacher of Medical History at Wanzhou Health School and compiled the textbook "Overview of the Development History of Chinese Medicine."
In 1956, I was transferred from Wanzhou to Chengdu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Chengdu TCM University), where I remain to this day. Initially, I taught courses in Gynecology and *Jingui Yaolue* (*Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet*), compiling textbooks for both subjects. Later, I served exclusively as the Director of the Gynecology Department at the college's affiliated hospital, maintaining active clinical practice. Over the past forty-four years, despite experiencing the vicissitudes of life, on the long path of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), I have adhered to the family methods of the Yuan school, striving to draw upon the strengths of various schools without being bound by convention. For many difficult and stubborn diseases that troubled the medical community, based on the laws of disease occurrence and development, I continuously explored and summarized, ultimately achieving gains and progress. Theoretically, I strictly adhere to the principles of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment (determining treatment based on syndrome patterns) and treating according to the evolving syndrome. Drawing on correct principles from ancient medical classics and my own experience, I distilled extensive knowledge into concise methods, categorizing various internal medicine diseases into six therapeutic pathways: promoting blood circulation, unblocking collaterals, and resolving stasis; invigorating blood, resolving stasis, relaxing sinews, and softening hardness; tonifying deficiency, resolving stasis, and regulating Qi; clearing heat, transforming dampness, and reducing inflammation; extinguishing wind, unblocking collaterals; and soothing the liver, unblocking collaterals, and reducing distension. These are collectively referred to as the "Six Methods of Internal Medicine." I have used these methods to treat forty-two diseases with certain clinical efficacy, including cerebral concussion, pituitary tumors, pontine dysfunction, varicose veins, thromboangiitis obliterans, Raynaud's disease, hemiplegia after brain tumor surgery, lateral sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, coronary arteriosclerosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, central retinal vein occlusion, rheumatic heart disease, elephantiasis, scleroderma, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis with ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, Addison's disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, pyelonephritis, nephritis, cystitis, lobar pneumonia, acute icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, leukemia, pleurisy, epilepsy, eclampsia, schizophrenia, somnambulism, breast nodules, pancreatitis, vertigo, and abdominal distension. Regarding gynecological diseases, I further categorized them into six therapeutic methods: warming, clearing, attacking, tonifying, dissipating, and harmonizing. The warming method warms the kidney, strengthens the spleen, promotes Yang, and dispels cold to treat cold-natured diseases. The clearing method clears blood heat, extinguishes wind, and moistens dryness to treat warm-toxin diseases and symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo caused by hyperactive Liver Yang or flaming-up of Liver Fire. The attacking method breaks up masses, eliminates accumulations, and resolves stasis to treat masses such as uterine fibroids, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, breast tumors, and blood stasis coagulation, including induced abortion. The tonifying method supplements Qi and Blood, benefits Kidney Yin, nourishes the body, and eliminates all signs of weakness. The dissipating method guides digestion, softens hardness, and treats gastrointestinal obstruction, food stagnation, epigastric and abdominal fullness, or abdominal masses and breast nodules. The harmonizing method harmonizes the Liver and Spleen to treat irregular menstruation and morning sickness during pregnancy, all yielding relatively satisfactory results. Furthermore, I developed the "Duanjia Mixture" and "Yinjia Pills" by modifying the *Shengma Biejia Tang* (*Cimicifuga and Turtle Shell Decoction*) from *Jingui Yaolue* and the *Yinqiao San* (*Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder*) from *Wenbing Tiaobian* (*Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases*). These are used to treat various chronic inflammations of the lower jiao in gynecology, showing significant efficacy and having been promoted by the Ministry of Health and relevant TCM publications. These experiences were successively compiled into two books, *Selected Clinical Experiences of Wang Weichuan* and *Gynecological Treatment Experiences of Wang Weichuan*, published by Shaanxi People's Publishing House and Sichuan People's Publishing House, respectively. Additionally, through long-term clinical and teaching practice, I found that although *Jingui Yaolue* is a model for treating miscellaneous diseases in ancient times, has played an important historical role, and remains essential reading for every TCM student today, due to long-term wars in history, the original text has many missing chapters and disordered passages. Coupled with limited scientific development at the time and the author's historical limitations, some theories and prescriptions clearly cannot meet the needs of modern medical practice. Blindly copying established rules and original formulas often yields poor clinical results. Therefore, I wrote *Jingui Xinshi* (*New Interpretations of Jingui*), attempting to combine my sixty years of medical experience and lessons learned with modern medical achievements to explain the essence and flaws within, for scholars' reference.
Of course, life has its limits, but knowledge is infinite. This applies to everyone involved in the medical field. The modest achievements I have gained over sixty years of medical practice are like a drop in the ocean, far from meeting the needs of the broad masses. However, I still aspire to contribute in my twilight years. Taking my current age of eighty-four as a new starting point, I strive to make more new contributions to the country's "Four Modernizations." A small poem to express my humble feelings:
No scroll remains in heaven and earth,
Three volumes of medicine passed to successors.
In my twilight years, I only seek to compete for the Four Modernizations,
Not shunning wind and snow, walking through dust and storms.
Pioneering a New Path
Associate Professor, Beijing Children's Hospital; Councilor, All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Wang Pengfei
[Author Profile] Wang Pengfei (1911–), born in Beijing. Engaged in pediatric clinical practice of TCM for nearly fifty years. His medical skills were inherited through three generations. His prescription and medication style is unique, making him a renowned pediatrician in the Beijing area, affectionately known as the "King of Pediatrics." He currently serves as Deputy Head of the Health Group of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). He has authored *Selected Pediatric Clinical Experiences of Wang Pengfei*, among other works.
My family has engaged in pediatric TCM since my grandfather. In his early years, besides practicing clinically in Beijing, my grandfather, Wang Runji, spent most of his time each year traveling to regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. While relieving the suffering of local people, he humbly learned empirical and secret prescriptions from folk practitioners. The richness of folk medicine, the simplicity of drug usage, and the rapid efficacy opened my grandfather's eyes and deeply amazed him. Consequently, in subsequent diagnosis and medication, he gradually shifted towards simplicity, convenience, affordability, and efficacy. He began preparing proprietary medicines himself, which could be taken immediately for acute illnesses, were cheap, effective, and rapidly expanded their influence, earning him the title "King of Pediatrics." My father, Wang Zizhong, inherited our family learning, worked hard, studied diligently, mastered my grandfather's core teachings, gained fame, and had a continuous stream of patients. Before the liberation, he served as the President of the Beiping National Medical Association (the predecessor of the Beijing TCM Society), among other positions.
I grew up in a TCM family, hearing and seeing from childhood, and personally experiencing the vivid scenes of TCM herbs and treatments relieving the suffering of numerous patients, which made me fall in love with the TCM cause. At eighteen, while studying at the preparatory department of Beijing Min Guo University, my father, eager to pass on our family learning, allowed me to begin studying medicine. He first had me systematically study classic TCM texts. I spent three whole years studying *Huangdi Neijing* (*The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon*), *Shanghan Lun* (*Treatise on Cold Damage*), *Jingui Yaolue*, *Nanjing* (*Classic of Difficult Issues*), and *Shennong Bencao Jing* (*Divine Farmer's Materia Medica*), etc., and frequently consulted famous senior doctors in Beijing at the time, such as Wang Fengchun, Ma Zuoliang, and Yuan Hechai, benefiting greatly from their guidance. Regarding the study of classic texts, we read and recited simultaneously until memorized thoroughly. More than twenty years later, I could still recite most of the articles from *Neijing* completely and accurately, entirely due to the basic skill of rote memorization practiced at that time. After finishing the classics, my father asked me to carefully read *Bencao Gangmu* (*Compendium of Materia Medica*), *Bencao Jingshu* (*Substantive Explanation of Materia Medica*), *Bencao Bei Yao* (*Prepared Essentials of Materia Medica*), *Yaoyao Fenji* (*Classification of Essential Medicines*), *Wenre Jingwei* (*Coordinates of Warm and Heat Diseases*), *Shoushi Baoyuan* (*Preserving Life for Longevity), *Youyou Ji Cheng* (*Complete Collection for Infants and Children*), *Yingtong Baiwen* (*Hundred Questions for Infants and Toddlers*), *Shipin Bencao* (*Materia Medica of Food*), etc. Furthermore, he often said, "Treating patients is like going to battle; prescribing medicine is like using troops," and asked me to carefully read *The Art of War by Sun Tzu* (*Thirteen Chapters*), etc. The purpose was to encourage me to read widely, extensively read the works of other physicians, and inherit the academic thoughts and clinical experiences of predecessors. Solid theoretical foundation learning played a great role in coping with busy clinical work later on.
Entering the stage of clinical apprenticeship, my father's prescriptions and medications were initially difficult for me to understand and accept. Since ancient times, TCM medication has been divided into classical formulas (Jingfang) and contemporary formulas (Shifang). For example, in treating exogenous febrile diseases, one must use acrid-warm herbs like Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) and Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), or acrid-cool herbs like Mullocorymbos Flos et Folium (Sangju, 桑菊) and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Yinqiao, 银翘). The tradition that "not knowing decoctions leads to errors from the start" has been regarded as a criterion by the TCM community. However, my father used unique six-herb small formulas that were neither "classical" nor "contemporary," and the herbs were rarely used by general physicians, yet patients flocked to our door. Many of our family's ancestral prescriptions and drugs originated from effective folk remedies. Folk empirical formulas are also the result of the long struggle of the working people against diseases, preserving valuable experiences accumulated by laborers and physicians in fighting diseases. My grandfather "collected prescriptions broadly," absorbed diverse elements, did not stick to conventional methods, and innovated.历代医学家如孙思邈 (Sun Simiao), Li Shizhen, Zhao Xuemin, Shen Kuo, etc., paid great attention to absorbing folk traditional treatment experiences, often using small formulas and herbs to relieve patients' pain, recording many practical experiences from folk sources in their works. Thus, they accepted the experiences of the broad masses, enriched their own medical practice, and made certain contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.
During my medical practice, some colleagues said I had a trend of "departing from orthodoxy and rebelling against tradition." But seeing that our ancestral medical skills, passed down through generations, remained strong, I believed that what exists must have its reasons. For instance, for common diarrhea and dysentery in children, I often use Fructus Myristicae (Roukou, 肉蔻), Fructus Caryophylli (Dingxiang, 丁香), and Halloysitum Rubrum (Chishizhi, 赤石脂) to warm the middle and secure astringency. Actually, this follows the rules of the Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing. In *Shanghan Lun · Shaoyin Disease*, he repeatedly pointed out: "For unremitting diarrhea with pus and blood, use Taohua Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction) or Chishizhi Yuyuliang Tang (Halloysite and Metastone Decoction)." Here, the diarrhea is due to interior cold and failure of the lower jiao to restrain, so Halloysitum Rubrum's sweet-warm property secures and stops diarrhea. By replacing the acrid-hot Gingeris Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang, 干姜) and Metastone (Yuyuliang, 禹余粮) with the acrid-warm Fructus Myristicae and Fructus Caryophylli, it strengthens the power of warming the middle and strengthening the spleen, often achieving better anti-diarrheal effects. Again, in treating infantile jaundice and neonatal jaundice, I have always applied formulas mainly based on cooling blood, invigorating blood, and resolving stasis, with clearing heat as a supplement, using herbs like Resina Olibani (Ruxiang, 乳香), Radix Rubiae (Qiancao, 茜草), Fructus Crataegi (Shanzha, 山楂), Radix Arnebiae (Zicao, 紫草), and Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai, 青黛). At first glance, this seems incongruous, but careful consideration reveals its theoretical basis also stems from Zhang Zhongjing's views. Analyzing the jaundice syndromes in *Shanghan Lun* by etiology, they can generally be categorized into four types: damp-heat jaundice, fire-reversal jaundice, blood-stasis jaundice, and cold-damp jaundice. The first three share the characteristics of stasis-heat in the interior and evil heat damaging blood, belonging to heat syndromes and excess syndromes. *Jingui Yaolue · Jaundice Disease Pulse and Syndrome Treatment* discusses jaundice in terms of stasis-heat in four places, proving that jaundice is directly related to evil heat damaging blood, and elucidates the principle that damp-heat obstructing the Qi mechanism of the spleen and stomach, and evil heat knotting in the blood level, leads to damp-heat jaundice. In using formulas to treat jaundice, Zhang Zhongjing always included functions of invigorating blood and dissipating knots. He inspired us that applying blood-invigorating and stasis-resolving methods in the treatment of jaundice, especially yang jaundice, has theoretical basis. This is the argument of modern people that "jaundice inevitably damages blood, treating jaundice requires invigorating blood." Applying the same viewpoint to treat unexplained hepatosplenomegaly in children can also achieve good results.
Since ancient times, pediatrics has been called the "mute department" because children cannot describe their pain. However, the colors of the zang-fu organs shine on the face; what exists internally must manifest externally. Thus, observation can reveal the onset of disease and determine prognosis. Although auscultation/olfaction and palpation are also important in diagnosis, in pediatrics, observation is primary. When observing young patients, my ancestor, besides observing spirit, constitution, complexion, mental state, urine/feces, tongue coating, and nail beds, also absorbed the precious experience of observing the palate, which was on the verge of being lost in TCM. From color changes in various parts of the child's palate, one can judge the cold, heat, deficiency, and excess of the disease, guiding syndrome differentiation and medication effectively in clinical practice. Palate observation mainly involves observing color changes in various parts of the oral palate, or the presence of bleeding points or small pits. After a child falls ill, the color of the palate areas corresponding to the affected organs changes. Especially in children with spleen and stomach diseases, color changes in the palate are particularly obvious. When treating infantile diarrhea, I must observe the palate color to decide medication. If the front and back of the palate are pinkish-red, the two molar areas are milky white, and the mid-pillar is pale yellow or milky white, it mostly belongs to spleen-stomach deficiency-cold. Treatment should focus on warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney, securing the intestines, and stopping diarrhea, often achieving good results.
In 1954, I joined the TCM Department of Beijing Children's Hospital. The Party organization attached great importance to our family's inherited clinical experience, not only assigning a Western medicine attending physician who had studied TCM to help summarize experiences but also allocating thirty-two beds specifically for my observation and research. Infantile pneumonia with wheezing is a common respiratory disease with complex symptoms and many types. Throughout the country, the famous formula *Maxing Gan Shi Tang* (*Ephedra, Apricot Seed, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction*) from *Shanghan Lun* has been modified to release the lungs, drain heat, stop cough, and calm wheezing, achieving good efficacy. Zhang Zhongjing's formulas are mostly suitable for adults. Beginners often struggle to control the warm herbs when applying them to pediatric febrile diseases, leading to occasional missed or mistaken treatments. Based on the characteristics of children's delicate zang-fu organs, underdeveloped Young Yang, uncompleted Young Yin, formed but not complete, complete but not strong, I created the "Yindai Mixture" with the therapeutic principle of releasing the lungs, directing rebellious Qi downward, and clearing phlegm-heat, consisting of six herbs: Semen Ginkgo (Yinxing, 银杏), Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai, 青黛), Stilbitum (Hanshuishi, 寒水石), Cortex Lycii (Digupi, 地骨皮), Fructus Perillae (Suzi, 苏子), and Pulvis Trichosanthis (Tianzhuhuang, 天竺黄). Applied clinically, it has achieved good results over many years. From winter 1958 to spring 1960, the Yindai decoction treated 163 cases of pneumonia with a cure rate of 98.76%. From 1961 to 1978, the TCM ward systematically used this agent in stages to treat 413 cases of pneumonia, with a cure and improvement rate of over 95.6%. Among them, 180 cases were divided into two groups for comparative observation with antibiotics. Statistical processing of the two groups regarding fever reduction, disappearance of wheezing/dyspnea, and disappearance of lung rales showed no significant difference. This formula has been used clinically in some hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and Tangshan, also achieving good results. The Institute of Antibiotics of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences conducted special research on the antibacterial, expectorant, and anti-asthmatic effects of this formula.
Regarding diarrhea, *Neijing* already classified it into four types: hole diarrhea, soft diarrhea, undigested food diarrhea, and intestinal dysentery. Since the Tang Dynasty, understanding has improved, and in pediatric clinical practice, diarrhea is further divided into nine types: cold diarrhea, heat diarrhea, food-injury diarrhea, water diarrhea, accumulation diarrhea, wind diarrhea, fright diarrhea, organ-cold diarrhea, and malnutrition-induced diarrhea. However, the names seem excessive, making them difficult for beginners to master. In clinical practice, I found that the etiology of infantile diarrhea is invariably primarily spleen-stomach weakness, with pathogenic factors secondary. Diarrhea causes further spleen-stomach weakness, so treatment should focus on supporting righteousness and treating the root. Clinically, I mainly divide it into deficiency-cold and excess-heat types, with deficiency-cold accounting for eight or nine out of ten. I do not use drugs like Fuzi Lizhong Wan (*Aconite Pill to Regulate the Middle*), Shenling Baizhu San (*Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder*), or Sishen Wan (*Four Spirits Pill*), but instead use Fructus Myristicae, Fructus Caryophylli, Halloysitum Rubrum, Caulinis Fuliginis (Fulonggan, 伏龙肝), Lotus Semen (Lianrou, 莲肉), and Stilbitum as the main ingredients, adding Cinnamomi Cortex (Guirou, 官桂) etc. for severe cases. From 1970 to 1975, I treated 794 hospitalized cases of infantile diarrhea (using intravenous infusion for moderate to severe dehydration, without antibiotics). Among them, 385 cases were summer diarrhea, with annual cure rates of 62.2–82.6%; 409 cases were autumn diarrhea, with annual cure rates of 91.8–95%. According to literature, Cinnamomi Cortex and Halloysitum Rubrum are listed among the "Nineteen Mutual Antagonisms." However, in my experience, when combined, they show no disadvantages but rather strengthen the function of warming the middle and securing the intestines, with significant anti-diarrheal effects. Therefore, one should not disbelieve ancient documents, but also not blindly worship them. One must dare to repeatedly test them in practice. Another example is pica. In recent years, the number of children with this condition has increased, such as craving coal slag, soil blocks, wall mud, sand, paper scraps, matches, buttons, or paint on toys. Descriptions of this disease in TCM are scattered in syndromes related to malnutrition (Gan Zheng) and worm accumulation, traditionally considered caused by worm infection and malnutrition. Treatment mainly focuses on strengthening the spleen, boosting Qi, aiding digestion, attacking accumulation, and expelling worms. I believe the initial stage of the disease is heat in the stomach, as stated, "Those with stomach heat feel hungry easily." Hungry and choosing no food, they mistakenly eat foreign objects. Long retention forms pica. Because foreign objects accumulate and fail to transform, the spleen and stomach are damaged, transportation fails, and long-term accumulation generates heat. Therefore, I believe pica is not malnutrition, nor caused by worms. Treatment never involves expelling worms or attacking accumulation, but focuses on clearing heat. Foreign objects are always toxic. Staying in the body for a long time, they linger in the blood level, consuming Yin and Blood. Treatment should focus on clearing heat and detoxifying, using Indigo Naturalis, Radix Bupleuri (Guanzhong, 贯仲), Semen Phaseoli (Lvdou, 绿豆), Radix Arnebiae, and Alum powder. If Yin and Blood consumption is severe, with sallow complexion, emaciation, and obvious anemia, add Polygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing, 黄精), Bulbus Bryoniae (Baiji, 白芨), and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata (Heshouwu, 何首乌) to invigorate blood and nourish blood, often achieving good results.