夫咽喉者，乃人饮食呼吸之门，声音吐纳之路，此关一身，害人迅速，医者不明，误人
更不
可胜计。盖口者脾之窍，口唇焦干为脾热。焦而红者吉，焦而黑者凶。若口唇红肿，极热也
。口唇青白，极冷也。口烂舌干，心热也。口咽干焦欲饮水者，阳明之热也。口噤难言者，
风热闭窍也。口涎流而唇色紫者，胃气虚也。肚痛口吐涎水者，虫积也。如唇嘴反青黧黑，
直如鱼口，气急不收，口唇颤动，摇头不止，皆是不治之症。然口为脾窍，舌为心苗，口养
精液，须通五气。五气者，五脏之气也。然脏热则口苦，脏寒则口咸，虚则口淡，冷则口甜
，宿食则口酸，虚热烦燥则口涩，腥臭之气蕴结于胸臆之中，发冲于外，则口臭气滞，加之
风热劳郁之毒，则口舌生疮，法当清胃泻火为主。假如喉内左边先起，或红或白，或黄或黑
，或有膜无膜，有核无核，此皆属肝经发来之毒风热。当用甘桔汤加柴胡、白芍为君。实热
加生地、丹皮、胆草为佐，痰涎壅盛加连翘、蒡子、花粉，有膜则用蝉蜕，有核用独活、丹
皮。初起有潮热，则用防风、荆芥、薄荷，虚热用元参为君。倘或右边先起，其色或红或黄
，或白或黑，有膜无膜，或有核无核，皆是属肺经发来之风热毒，当用黄芩、桑白皮为君。
实热则加生地、丹皮、羚羊。痰涎壅盛有膜，及有潮热虚热，用药同上。如在 中上下舌根
左右起者，其色或红黄青白黑不等，此属心经发来之风热毒，当用川连、栀子。舌硬用羚羊
、犀角。痰涎壅盛有膜有潮热，用药俱同上。左齿上大齿属胆，加胆草。左下大齿属肝，加
柴胡、白芍。右上大齿属大肠，加枳壳、杏仁。右下大齿属肺，加黄芩、桑皮。当中上四齿
属心，加黄连、犀角。当中下四齿属肾，加黄柏、知母。上两旁属胃，加川芎、白芷。下两
旁属脾，加苍术、白术。若其满喉发来色黄者，此乃脾家发来湿毒，亦当燥脾驱风，除湿解
毒。其有满喉黑色者，此属肾经发来之毒，其毒久积，元气损伤，津液败坏，精神倾散，劳
神过度所致，是乃险症也。其有喉内二三肉笋，满口干渴失音舌脱等症，皆系毒瓦斯攻脏所致
，此等症候，千人犯着千人死，灵丹百救无一生，不可不知之。
The throat and tongue are the gateway for food intake and respiration, and the pathway for voice production and breathing. This critical area is connected to the whole body; diseases here develop rapidly and cause severe harm. If physicians fail to understand the pathology, the number of patients harmed by misdiagnosis and mistreatment is incalculable.
The mouth is the orifice of the Spleen (Pí). Dry and cracked lips indicate Spleen Heat. If the lips are dry but red, the prognosis is auspicious; if they are dry and black, the prognosis is ominous. Red and swollen lips indicate extreme heat. Cyan and white lips indicate extreme cold. Ulcers in the mouth and a dry tongue indicate Heart Heat. A dry mouth and throat with a desire to drink water indicate Heat in the Yangming Channel (Yángmíng Jīng). Inability to speak due to locked jaws indicates obstruction of the orifices by Wind-Heat. Flowing saliva with purple lips indicates deficiency of Stomach Qi. Abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting of saliva indicates accumulation of parasites. If the lips and corners of the mouth turn abnormally cyan and black, resembling an open fish mouth, with rapid and uncontrolled breathing, trembling lips, and incessant head shaking, these are all untreatable conditions.
However, the mouth is the orifice of the Spleen, and the tongue is the sprout of the Heart. The oral cavity requires nourishment from essence and fluids, and must maintain the free flow of Qi of the five Zang organs. The "five Qi" refers to the Qi of the five Zang organs. Heat in the Zang organs causes a bitter taste; Cold in the Zang organs causes a salty taste; Deficiency leads to a bland taste; Cold exposure leads to a sweet taste; retained food leads to a sour taste; Yin deficiency with internal heat and irritability leads to an astringent taste. Foul and fishy odors accumulating in the chest and rising outward cause bad breath and Qi stagnation. When combined with toxic factors from Wind-Heat, fatigue, and depression, sores may appear on the mouth and tongue. The treatment principle should primarily focus on clearing Stomach Heat and purging Fire.
If lesions first appear on the left side of the throat, regardless of whether the color is red, white, yellow, or black, and whether membranes or nodules are present, these belong to toxic Wind-Heat originating from the Liver Channel (Gān Jīng). Ganjie Decoction (Gānjié Tāng) should be used as the principal formula, supplemented with Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) and Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba). For excess Heat, add Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex), and Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix) as assistants. For copious phlegm and saliva, add Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), and Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix). If membranes are present, use Chan Tui (Cicadae Periostracum); if nodules are present, use Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) and Mu Dan Pi. If tidal fever is present at the onset, use Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), and Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba); for deficient Heat, use Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) as the principal herb.
If lesions first appear on the right side of the throat, with colors ranging from red, yellow, white, or black, and with or without membranes or nodules, these belong to Wind-Heat toxicity originating from the Lung Channel (Fèi Jīng). Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) and Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex) should be used as the principal herbs. For excess Heat, add Di Huang, Mu Dan Pi, and Ling Yang Jiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu). For copious phlegm and saliva with membranes, as well as for tidal fever and deficient Heat, the medication is the same as above.
If lesions appear above and below on the left and right sides of the root of the tongue, with colors varying among red, yellow, cyan, white, and black, these belong to Wind-Heat toxicity originating from the Heart Channel (Xīn Jīng). Chuan Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) should be used. For a stiff tongue, use Ling Yang Jiao and Xi Jiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu). For copious phlegm and saliva with membranes and tidal fever, the medication is the same as above.
The upper large teeth on the left belong to the Gallbladder; add Long Dan Cao. The lower large teeth on the left belong to the Liver; add Chai Hu and Bai Shao. The upper large teeth on the right belong to the Large Intestine; add Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus) and Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum). The lower large teeth on the right belong to the Lung; add Huang Qin and Sang Bai Pi. The four central upper teeth belong to the Heart; add Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Xi Jiao. The four central lower teeth belong to the Kidney; add Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex) and Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma). The upper lateral areas belong to the Stomach; add Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix). The lower lateral areas belong to the Spleen; add Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma).
If the entire throat becomes inflamed with a yellowish color, this is damp-toxicity originating from the Spleen. Treatment should focus on drying the Spleen, dispelling Wind, removing dampness, and resolving toxicity. If the entire throat appears black, this belongs to toxicity originating from the Kidney Channel. This toxicity has accumulated over time, damaging Yuan Qi (Original Qi), corrupting Jin Ye (Body Fluids), and scattering the Spirit (Shen). It is caused by excessive mental labor and constitutes a critical condition.
If there are two or three fleshy projections (meat buds) in the throat, accompanied by symptoms such as thirst throughout the mouth, loss of voice, and tongue deviation, these are caused by toxic vapors attacking the Zang organs. Such conditions are invariably fatal; even with miraculous medicines, not one in a thousand would survive. This fact must be known.