论曰人有留饮，浸渍于胃，胃受饮湿，则饮食迟化，或经宿不消，令人噫气吞酸，呕逆
恶心，腹胁胀满，不喜饮食，皆其候也。
治脾胃气不和，留饮宿食不消，及累有伤滞，食已腹痛，呕哕恶心，胸胁胀闷，大便秘
利不定，磨滞丸方
木香 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 桂（去粗皮各一两） 吴茱萸（汤洗焙干炒三两）
砂（醋熬成霜研
上六味，捣罗四味为末，与 砂巴豆霜拌匀，醋煮面糊为丸，如绿豆大，每服三丸加至
五丸，早晚食后、临卧、服。大便溏利时减丸数。
治留饮不散，膈脘不利，宿食不消，呕逆恶心，小半夏丸方
半夏（二两为末生姜汁作饼曝干） 木香 沉香（各半分） 青橘皮（汤浸去白炒一分）
槟榔（大者
上五味，捣罗为末，以生姜汁浸蒸饼为丸，如梧桐子大，每服十五丸，生姜汤下，不拘
时。
治留饮宿食不消，止逆温胃，大半夏丸方
半夏（二两为末生姜汁作饼曝干） 木香 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 丁香（各一钱） 人
参（三分） 草
上七味，捣罗为末，用生姜汁，煮面糊为丸，如小豆大，每服三十丸，生姜枣汤下，不
拘时。
治留饮，顺气消宿食，温胃散方
生姜（半斤洗切曝干用盐二两淹一宿炒过续入陈曲末一两同炒干） 半夏（为末生姜汁
作饼曝干） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙各一两） 草豆蔻（大者三枚不去皮） 甘草（炙锉二两）
丁香（一分）
上六味为散，每服二钱匕，如茶点服，觉脾胃寒。加附子半两，炮裂去皮脐，半夏一两，
汤浸去滑七遍切焙。
治留饮宿食不消。宽胸利膈。进饮食。郁李仁丸方
郁李仁（汤浸去皮尖炒半两） 半夏（六两去皮脐浆水五升生姜半斤切甘草并桑根白皮
各一两锉银石锅内慢火煮干再添热浆水二升煮干去余药只用半夏） 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙）
木香 槟榔（锉
上五味。捣罗为末，面糊丸如豌豆大，每服十五丸、至二十丸，食后临卧生姜汤下。
治留饮宿食不消。枳壳木香丸方
枳壳（去瓤麸炒二两） 木香 大黄（纸裹煨各半两） 槟榔（锉） 芎 郁李仁（汤
浸去皮尖焙研
上六味，将五味捣罗为末，入郁李仁拌匀，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服十丸至十五丸。食
后临卧。温生姜汤下。
治留饮宿食不消。腹胁气痛。不思饮食， 砂丸方
砂（研一分） 野狼毒（醋炒） 芫花（醋炒） 干漆（炒烟出） 鳖甲（去裙 醋炙
各一两） 京三棱（煨锉
上七味。将五味捣罗为末。次入别研二味，再同研匀，面糊丸如绿豆大，每服三丸。食
后温生姜汤下。
治留饮宿食不消。大黄丸方
大黄（锉炒） 赤茯苓（去黑皮各半两） 朴硝（研） 巴豆（去皮心膜研出油各一分）
上四味。将二味捣罗为末，入别研二味，再同研匀，炼蜜丸如绿豆大，每服五丸，温米
饮下，以利为度，气虚者不可服。
治留饮宿食不消。肉豆蔻丸方
肉豆蔻去核半两面裹煨锉 半夏三分与茱萸半两同用水一升慢火煮干只用半夏焙干 巴
豆七枚去皮心膜研出油
上三味，捣研为末，酒煮面糊，丸如梧桐子大，每服三丸，食后茶酒任下。
治留饮宿食不消。止逆温胃。藿香汤方
藿香叶 浓朴（去粗皮生姜汁炙） 甘草（生锉） 半夏（切片用生姜汁浸一宿取出以
粟米炒黄去
上五味。粗捣筛，每服二钱匕，水一盏，入生姜三片，大枣一枚劈，煎至七分，热服不
拘时。
治留饮宿食不消，豆蔻汤方
草豆蔻去皮 半夏汤洗七遍去滑各半两 陈橘皮汤浸去白焙三分
上三味。粗捣筛，每服二钱匕，水一盏，入生姜五片，煎至六分，去滓温服，不拘时。
治留饮宿食，腹胁胀满，吞酸呕逆，九宝丸方
木香 肉豆蔻（去壳） 浓朴（去粗皮生姜汁炙） 麝香（研） 丹砂（研各半两） 槟
榔（锉二两） 桂（去
上九味，捣研为末，生姜汁和丸，如豌豆大，每服七丸，橘皮汤下。
治留饮宿食，腹胁胀满，不喜饮食，香橘丸方
木香（一分） 青橘皮（去白盐炒） 槟榔（锉各半两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑） 白
矾（熬令汁枯各一分
上六味为末，煮枣肉，丸如梧桐子大，每服二十丸至三十丸，生姜汤下，不拘时。
治留饮宿食。醋心吐沫，气逆胀满，高良姜丸方
高良姜（三两半） 桃仁（去皮尖双仁炒） 大腹（去皮） 槟榔（生锉各三两）
上四味。将三味捣末，与桃仁研匀，炼蜜丸如弹子大，每服实者一丸，虚者半丸，空心
食前温酒下。
治脾胃气弱。不能饮食，肌肤瘦瘁，心胸膨闷，肋胁虚胀，大便秘利不定，小儿诸疳黄
疸，小麝香丸方
吴茱萸（二两炒） 木香（一两） 桂（去粗皮一两） 陈粟米（四两用巴豆四十九枚
去皮同炒令转色
上四味。捣罗为末，醋煮面糊为丸，如绿豆大。每服七丸或十丸。食后温熟水下。
治留饮宿食成癖，草豆蔻散方
草豆蔻（一两一分） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 五味子 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙各三分） 白
术枳实（去瓤麸炒） 桂（去粗皮） 干姜（炮） 鳖甲（醋炙去裙 ） 芍药 木香（各
半两）
上一十一味，捣罗为散，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，木瓜盐汤下。
治留饮宿食成癖。鳖甲散方
鳖甲醋炙去裙 附子炮裂去皮脐 桂去粗皮各三分 干姜炮 京三棱炮锉 陈橘皮汤
浸去白焙 吴茱萸汤洗炒 木香 浓朴去粗皮生姜汁炙 大黄锉炒各半两
上一十味。捣罗为散，每服二钱匕，温酒或生姜汤调下。
Commentary states: When the human body retains stagnant fluid (Liuyin, retained fluid), it soaks and permeates the stomach. The stomach, affected by this dampness and fluid, suffers from delayed digestion of food. Food may remain undigested overnight, leading to symptoms such as belching with acid regurgitation, vomiting, nausea, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and loss of appetite. These are all characteristic signs of this condition.
To treat disharmony of spleen and stomach qi, retention of fluid and undigested food, frequent dietary stagnation, postprandial abdominal pain, vomiting, hiccups, nausea, chest and hypochondriac fullness, and irregular bowel movements (either constipation or diarrhea), use the Moshizhi Wan (Grinding Stagnation Pill) formula:
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, outer bark removed, each 1 liang), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, washed in hot water, dried and stir-fried, 3 liang), Sharen (Amomi Fructus, boiled in vinegar until frost-like, ground), Badou Shuang (Crotonis Semen Oleum, husk and heart removed, oil expressed).
The above six herbs are processed as follows: The first four are crushed and sieved into powder. This powder is mixed evenly with Sharen frost and Badou oil. Vinegar-cooked wheat paste is used as a binder to form pills the size of mung beans. Each dose consists of 3 pills, gradually increased to 5 pills, taken morning and evening after meals and before bed. Reduce the number of pills if loose stools occur.
To treat stagnant fluid that does not dissipate, obstruction in the diaphragm and epigastrium, undigested food, vomiting, and nausea, use the Xiao Banxia Wan (Small Pinellia Pill) formula:
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 2 liang, ground into powder, made into cakes with fresh ginger juice, sun-dried), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, each 0.5 fen), Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, stir-fried, 1 fen), Binglang (Arecae Semen, one large seed).
The above five herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Steamed leavened dough soaked in fresh ginger juice is used as a binder to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Each dose is 15 pills, taken with ginger decoction at any time.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, stop rebellious qi, and warm the stomach, use the Da Banxia Wan (Large Pinellia Pill) formula:
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 2 liang, ground into powder, made into cakes with fresh ginger juice, sun-dried), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos, each 1 qian), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen), Caozhong (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted and cut).
The above seven herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Fresh ginger juice and wheat paste cooked together are used as binders to form pills the size of adzuki beans. Each dose is 30 pills, taken with ginger and jujube decoction at any time.
To treat stagnant fluid, promote qi circulation, eliminate undigested food, and warm the stomach, use the Sanji Fang (Powder Formula):
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger Rhizome, 8 liang, washed, sliced, dried, marinated overnight with 4 liang salt, stir-fried; then add 2 liang aged yeast powder and stir-fry until dry), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, ground into powder, made into cakes with fresh ginger juice, sun-dried), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried, each 1 liang), Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, three large seeds, unpeeled), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted and cut, 2 liang), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos, 1 fen).
The above six herbs are made into a powder. Each dose is 2 qianbi (approx. 6-7 grams), taken like tea. If cold in the spleen and stomach is felt, add Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix, 0.5 liang, roasted, peeled, umbilical scar removed) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 1 liang, soaked in water to remove slipperiness seven times, cut and dried).
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, broaden the chest and benefit the diaphragm, and promote appetite, use the Yuliren Wan (Prunus Seed Pill) formula:
Yuliren (Prunus Semen, soaked in hot water, peeled and de-pitted, stir-fried, 0.5 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 6 liang, peeled and de-pitted, boiled in fermented grain wash water with 8 liang sliced fresh ginger, 1 liang Licorice Root, and 1 liang Mulberry Root Bark until dry; add 2 liang hot fermented grain wash water and boil until dry; discard other herbs, keep only Banxia), Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen, cut).
The above five herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Wheat paste is used as a binder to form pills the size of pea seeds. Each dose is 15 to 20 pills, taken after meals and before bed with ginger decoction.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, use the Zhiqiao Muxiang Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Aucklandia Pill) formula:
Zhiqiao (Immature Bitter Orange, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran, 2 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in paper and baked, each 0.5 liang), Binglang (Arecae Semen, cut), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Yuliren (Prunus Semen, soaked in hot water, peeled and de-pitted, dried and ground).
The above six herbs are processed as follows: The first five are crushed and sieved into powder. Ground Yuliren is added and mixed evenly. Honey is used as a binder to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Each dose is 10 to 15 pills, taken after meals and before bed with warm ginger decoction.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, abdominal and hypochondriac qi pain, and anorexia, use the Naosha Wan (Rock Salt Pill) formula:
Naosha (Natron, ground, 1 fen), Yelangdu (Euphorbiae Humifusae Radix, stir-fried with vinegar), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, stir-fried with vinegar), Ganqi (Dry Lacca, stir-fried until smoke appears), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, skirt removed, vinegar-roasted, each 1 liang), Jingsanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, baked and cut).
The above seven herbs are processed as follows: Five herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. The remaining two ground herbs are added and mixed thoroughly. Wheat paste is used as a binder to form pills the size of mung beans. Each dose is 3 pills, taken after meals with warm ginger decoction.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, use the Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill) formula:
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, cut and stir-fried), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Host, black skin removed, each 0.5 liang), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas, ground), Badou (Crotonis Semen, husk, heart, and membrane removed, oil expressed, 1 fen).
The above four herbs are processed as follows: Two herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. The other two ground herbs are added and mixed thoroughly. Honey is used as a binder to form pills the size of mung beans. Each dose is 5 pills, taken with warm rice drink. Stop when bowels move freely. Not suitable for those with qi deficiency.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, use the Roudoukou Wan (Myristica Pill) formula:
Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen, kernel removed, 0.5 liang, wrapped and baked, then cut), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 fen, boiled with 0.5 liang Wuzhuyu in 1 sheng water until dry; keep only Banxia, dry), Badou (Crotonis Semen, 7 seeds, husk, heart, and membrane removed, oil expressed).
The above three herbs are crushed and ground into powder. Wine-cooked wheat paste is used as a binder to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Each dose is 3 pills, taken after meals with tea or wine.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, stop rebellious qi, and warm the stomach, use the Huoxiang Tang (Patchouli Decoction) formula:
Huoxiangye (Agastachis Herba), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, outer bark removed, roasted with fresh ginger juice), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw and cut), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, sliced, soaked overnight in fresh ginger juice, taken out, stir-fried with millet until yellow, millet removed).
The above five herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 2 qianbi, boiled in 1 sheng water with 3 slices of fresh ginger and 1 split jujube until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Take hot at any time.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, use the Doukou Tang (Cardamom Decoction) formula:
Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, peeled), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water seven times to remove slipperiness, each 0.5 liang), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried, 3 fen).
The above three herbs are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 2 qianbi, boiled in 1 sheng water with 5 slices of fresh ginger until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, acid regurgitation, and vomiting, use the Jiubao Wan (Nine Treasures Pill) formula:
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen, shell removed), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, outer bark removed, roasted with fresh ginger juice), Shexiang (Moschus, ground), Dansha (Cinnabaris, ground, each 0.5 liang), Binglang (Arecae Semen, cut, 2 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, outer bark removed).
The above nine herbs are crushed and ground into powder. Fresh ginger juice is used to mix and form pills the size of pea seeds. Each dose is 7 pills, taken with tangerine peel decoction.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and anorexia, use the Xiangju Wan (Fragrant Orange Pill) formula:
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 1 fen), Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel, white pith removed, salt-stir-fried), Binglang (Arecae Semen, cut, each 0.5 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water seven times to remove slipperiness), Baifan (Alumen, boiled until liquid dries up, each 1 fen).
The above six herbs are made into powder. Cooked jujube flesh is used as a binder to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Each dose is 20 to 30 pills, taken with ginger decoction at any time.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food, acid heartburn with spitting foam, rebellious qi, and distension, use the Gaoliangjiang Wan (Galangal Pill) formula:
Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma, 3.5 liang), Taoren (Pruni Semen, peeled, de-pitted, double-kernel stir-fried), Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium, peeled), Binglang (Arecae Semen, raw and cut, each 3 liang).
The above four herbs are processed as follows: Three herbs are crushed into powder and mixed evenly with ground Taoren. Honey is used as a binder to form pills the size of bullet seeds. Those with excess conditions take 1 pill; those with deficiency take half a pill. Take with warm wine on an empty stomach before meals.
To treat weak spleen and stomach qi, inability to eat, emaciated skin and muscles, chest and epigastric fullness, hypochondriac deficiency distension, irregular bowel movements, and various pediatric malnutrition jaundice, use the Xiao Shexiang Wan (Small Moschus Pill) formula:
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 2 liang, stir-fried), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 1 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, outer bark removed, 1 liang), Chensumi (Setaria Italica, 4 liang, stir-fried with 49 Badou seeds until color changes).
The above four herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Vinegar-cooked wheat paste is used as a binder to form pills the size of mung beans. Each dose is 7 or 10 pills, taken after meals with warm cooked water.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food forming masses (Pi), use the Caodoukou San (Cardamom Powder) formula:
Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, 1 liang 1 fen), Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix, roasted, peeled, umbilical scar removed), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried, each 3 fen), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, outer bark removed), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, roasted), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, vinegar-roasted, skirt removed), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, each 0.5 liang).
The above eleven herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Honey is used to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, taken with quince salt decoction.
To treat stagnant fluid and undigested food forming masses, use the Biejia San (Turtle Shell Powder) formula:
Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, vinegar-roasted, skirt removed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix, roasted, peeled, umbilical scar removed), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, outer bark removed, each 3 fen), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, roasted), Jingsanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, roasted and cut), Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, washed in hot water and stir-fried), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, outer bark removed, roasted with fresh ginger juice), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, cut and stir-fried, each 0.5 liang).
The above ten herbs are crushed and sieved into powder. Each dose is 2 qianbi, taken with warm wine or ginger decoction.