论曰 疟者，以疟发该时，或日作，或间日乃作也，人卫气流行，合于昼夜阴阳，邪气
内舍于营，随卫气以出入，而应于风府，其作早晏，皆以时发也。寒温瘅疟，动皆该时，故
内经统谓之 疟，其状伸欠乃作，寒栗鼓颔，腰脊痛，寒去则内外皆热，头痛如破，渴欲冷
饮。
治 疟，寒疟温疟瘅疟悉治之。丹砂丸方
丹砂（研一分） 常山（捣末三分）
上二味。研令匀，炼蜜和丸，梧桐子大，午时发者，平旦米饮服三丸，辰时巳时，及临
发时，各服三丸，至夜然后得食。
治 疟连年不瘥。蜀漆丸方
蜀漆叶 乌梅肉（炒） 白薇 升麻 地骨皮 知母（焙） 麦门冬（去心各半两） 常
山（
锉） 鳖甲（醋炙各三分） 葳蕤（半分） 豉（一合微炒） 石膏（研一两） 甘草（炙
一两）
上一十三味。捣罗为细末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服十丸，未发前米饮下，临发再服，
加至二三十丸，醋汤下亦得。
治 疟。麻黄丸方
麻黄（去根节汤掠去沫焙一两） 常山（锉） 知母（焙） 甘草（炙） 大黄（生用
各半两）
上五味。捣罗为细末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服五丸，未发临发各一服，未瘥渐增丸数
治 疟以时发。鳖甲渍酒方
鳖甲（醋炙半两） 乌贼鱼骨（去甲） 常山（各二两） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 甘草
（炙各一
上五味。锉如麻豆，每服五钱匕，以酒一盏半，渍药一宿，明日以酒先涂五心，过发
时疟断，若不断，可饮药酒一二盏，即瘥。
治 疟先寒战动，寒解壮热，日发及间日发。常山酒方
常山 淡竹叶（切洗一两） 鳖甲（去裙 酥炙一分） 甘草（炙锉三分）
上四味。粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，以酒半盏、浸药复，安露地一宿，明旦以水一盏，煎至
七分、去滓，未发前温服尽，当吐，既效不必尽剂，过发时，良久方可食。
治 疟。霜墨丸方
砒霜（一钱） 墨 蓐草灰（各半钱） 绿豆粉（一分）
上四味。一处细研为末，用糯米粥和丸，如小豆大，每服两丸，未发前一时辰，醋汤下，
端午日未出时，面东修合，不得言语，勿令妇人鸡犬见。
治疟及有孕妇人患者，无不愈。如圣饮方
甘草（炙） 柴胡（去苗） 常山 乌梅（去核各半两）
上四味。锉碎，用银器或沙石铫，当发日绝早，以好酒二升，慢火熬至一盏，滤去滓放
温，作一服饮尽，良久吐涎即愈，如尚觉有寒气未退，候五七日再服。
治一切疟疾。五行神验丸方
淀花（二两东方） 桂（一两南方） 干姜（一两西方） 巴豆（一两北方） 硫黄（一
两中央）
上六味。将五般药于盘内，据五方排定，取四月二十八日夜，安卓子上，于中庭露，以
香一炉，当虔心启请地上五方神，天上五星神，人间一切主药神，请加备此五行法，疟丸露
后，取端午日修合，当启祝云，广施功德，无所希求，须夜夜志心，再三启祝，至天明早收
，莫令鸡犬飞鸟见，安于高净处，亦根据五方安着，如是露七夜，至五日，将巴豆去壳，
三五十沸，捣研余药为散，入麝香，以薄面糊调淀花末为丸，如樱桃大，合时忌女子等见，
丸了焙干，于合内盛，不得触污，莫令香歇，唯在心法，不得容易，此方带之，无不神验，
修合人当月忌眼见一切浊污，若俗人须信解之，宜加净洁专志，不然则药无神效，发日净手
取，以绵裹，香火炙令热，男左女右。预安耳中，便利时除却，净手后再安耳中，不得女子
捻触，女子患男子为安，忌一切荤辛果子，每一丸男度十人，女度三人，此方极神验，须将
广施，若有希取，即无效验也。
治诸疟。知母丸方
知母（焙） 乌梅肉（炒各二两半） 肉苁蓉（切焙） 常山 豉（炒各二两） 甘草
（炙锉）
人参 桂（去粗皮各一两半）
上八味。捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，温酒下。
治一切疟。生地丸方
地黄汁（一升） 砒霜（研半两） 蜡（少许）
上三味。先将地黄汁于瓷器中暖候沸，入砒霜，不住手搅煎令稠，次入蜡相和，丸如绿
豆大，每发时，用井华水下一丸，未瘥发前更服一丸。
治疟。知母饮方
知母（焙） 鳖甲（醋炙去裙 ） 桃仁（去皮尖双仁炒） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 常
山野狼牙
（各半分） 乌梅（去核一枚）
上七味。锉如麻豆，每服五钱匕，糯米四十九粒，隔夜浸至五更初，同煎取七分，去滓
乘热，分作两服，未发时一服，发时一服。
治一切疟，无问远近。乌梅丸方
乌梅肉（炒） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉） 虎头骨（酥炙各二两） 桃仁（去皮尖
双仁炒研）
一分） 人参
（三两） 豉（一升炒）
上一十二味。捣研为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服三十丸，空腹饮下，如虚劳加鳖甲三
两。
治疟。常山酒方
常山 鳖甲（醋炙去裙 各三分） 虎头骨（炙半两） 豉（炒半分） 桃枝（一握） 柳
枝
（一握） 桃仁（三七枚去皮尖双仁炒） 干枣（三枚去核） 乌梅（炙七枚）
上九味。细锉，以酒一升浸一宿，明日入生姜五片，煎取五合去滓，空心分为二服。
治 疟。扼虎膏方
烟脂 阿魏（各一大豆许同研）
上二味。同研，以大蒜肉研和为膏，用大桃核一枚劈开，去仁取一片，以药膏子填在核
内，疟发时，用药桃核覆在手虎口上，男左女右，令药着肉，以绯帛系定，经宿乃去，疾更
不发。
Discussion states: Malaria (Nüe) is characterized by regular episodes of onset, occurring either daily or every other day. The body's Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates in harmony with the yin and yang of day and night. Pathogenic factors lodge internally within the Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), moving in and out following the circulation of Wei Qi, and responding at the Fengfu point (GV16). The early or late timing of attacks all occur according to specific time periods. Cold malaria, warm malaria, and burning malaria all have fixed times of onset; therefore, the *Neijing* collectively refers to them as Malaria. The symptoms include yawning and stretching before onset, chills and tremors with mandibular quivering, pain in the waist and spine; after the cold subsides, both interior and exterior become hot, severe headache as if splitting, thirst desire for cold drinks.
To treat Malaria, applicable to cold malaria, warm malaria, and burning malaria. Cinnabar Pill Formula
Cinnabar (ground, 1 fen) Dichroa Root (Crataegus root? No, Changshan/Dichroa febrifuga, pounded into powder, 3 fen)
The above two ingredients. Grind until uniform, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. For those attacking at Wu hour (noon), take three pills with rice water at dawn. At Chen hour (7-9 am), Si hour (9-11 am), and just before onset, take three pills each time. Food should not be consumed until nightfall.
To treat malaria persisting for years without cure. Shuqi Pill Formula
Shuqi Leaf Myrobalan Flesh (stir-fried) Baiwei Rhizoma Coptidis? No, Baigwei/Cynanchum Atratum? No, Baigwei is likely Cynanchum Stauntonii or similar. Let's stick to Pinyin/English standard where possible or literal. Actually, Baigwei is often Cynanchum atratum or related. In WHO terms, it might be listed. Let's use "Baigei" or "Rhizoma Cynanchi". Wait, standard is often "Bai Wei". Let's use "Baiwei". Shengma Ephedra? No, Shengma is Cimicifugae Rhizoma. Digupi Cortex Lycii? No, Digupi is Phellodendri or Lycii? Digupi is usually Cortex Lycii Radicis or Phellodendri. In Song dynasty texts, Digupi often refers to Cortex Lycii Radicis (Di Gu Pi) or sometimes Phellodendri. Given context with Zhi Mu, it's likely cooling. Let's assume Di Gu Pi (Lycium Bark) or Huang Bo. Standard translation for Digupi in this context is often Cortex Lycii Radicis. However, some scholars argue it's Phellodendri. Let's use "Digupi". Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. Maidong Tuber Ophiopogonis (heart removed, half liang each). Changshan Dichroa Root (chopped). Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (vinegar-fired, 3 fen each). Weirui Polygonati Rhizoma (half fen). Chi Fermented Soybean (one he, lightly stir-fried). Shigao Gypsum Fibrosum (ground, one liang). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried, one liang).
The above thirteen ingredients. Pound and sieve into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take ten pills with rice water before onset. Take again at onset. Dosage can be increased to 20-30 pills. Taking with vinegar water is also acceptable.
To treat Malaria. Mahuang Pill Formula
Mahuang Herba Ephedrae (roots and joints removed, blanched in water to remove foam, dried, one liang). Changshan Dichroa Root (chopped). Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (dried). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried). Dahuang Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (raw, half liang each).
The above five ingredients. Pound and sieve into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take five pills once before onset and once at onset. If not cured, gradually increase the number of pills.
To treat Malaria attacking at regular times. Biejia Wine-Soaked Formula
Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (vinegar-fired, half liang). Wuzheiyu Bone Sepiae (remove cuticle). Changshan Dichroa Root (two liang each). Fuzi Lateralis Radix Aconiti Preparata (cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried, one liang each).
The above five ingredients. Chop to the size of hemp seeds. Take five qianbi per dose. Soak in one and a half cups of wine overnight. The next day, first apply wine to the five centers (palms and soles). After the attack time passes, the malaria will cease. If it does not cease, drink one or two cups of the medicated wine, and it will heal.
To treat Malaria starting with chills and trembling, followed by high fever after chills subside, occurring daily or every other day. Changshan Wine Formula
Changshan Dichroa Root. Danzhuye Folium Lophatheri (cut and washed, one liang). Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (remove skirt-like edges, fried in butter, one fen). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried and chopped, three fen).
The above four ingredients. Coarsely pound and sieve. Take five qianbi per dose. Soak in half a cup of wine, cover, and place outdoors overnight. Next morning, add one cup of water, decoct to seven-tenths, remove dregs. Drink warm completely before onset. Vomiting may occur. If effective, there is no need to finish the dose. After the attack time has passed, wait a long time before eating.
To treat Malaria. Shuangmo Pill Formula
Pishuang Realgar? No, Pishuang is Arsenic Trioxide (Arsenolite). Mo Ink. Rugcao Hui Ash of Artemisia Lavandulaefolia? No, Rugcao is typically Artemisia lavandulaefolia or similar mugwort ash. Lutoufen Powder Phaseoli Mungo.
The above four ingredients. Grind finely together into powder. Mix with glutinous rice porridge to form pills the size of mung beans. Take two pills per dose with vinegar water one shichen (two hours) before onset. Prepare on the Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu) before sunrise. Do not speak. Do not let women, chickens, or dogs see.
To treat Malaria and pregnant women suffering from Malaria, none fail to recover. Rusheng Yin Formula
Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried). Chaihu Radix Bupleuri (remove seedlings). Changshan Dichroa Root. Wumei Fructus Mume (pits removed, half liang each).
The above four ingredients. Chop finely. Use a silver vessel or clay pot. On the day of onset, very early, use two sheng of good wine, simmer slowly over low heat until reduced to one sheng. Filter out dregs and let cool to warm. Drink as one dose. After a long time, expect vomiting of saliva, then recovery. If cold pathogen still feels present, wait five to seven days and take again.
To treat all types of Malaria. Wuxing Shenyao Pill Formula (Five Elements Divine Efficacy Pill)
Dianhua Indigo? No, Dianhua is likely Prussian Blue or similar pigment derived from Indigofera. Gui Cinnamomi Cortex. Ganjiang Zingiberis Rhizoma. Badou Crotonis Fructus. Liuhuang Sulfur.
The above six ingredients. Place the five medicines on a plate, arranged according to the Five Directions. Take the night of April 28th. Position according to Zi hour. Expose in the central courtyard. Light one incense burner. Sincerely invoke the Gods of the Five Directions on earth, the Five Stars in heaven, and all Gods governing herbs in the human realm, requesting they bless and prepare this Five Elements method. After the Malaria pill is exposed, prepare on Duanwu Day. Recite: "Widely bestow merit and virtue, seek nothing." Must sincerely invoke nightly, repeatedly, until dawn. Collect early. Do not let chickens, dogs, or birds see. Place in a high, clean location, arranged according to the Five Directions. Expose for seven nights. On the fifth day, remove shells from Badou, boil 30-50 times, pound and grind remaining medicines into powder. Add Shexiang Moschus. Use thin wheat starch paste to bind Dianhua powder into pills the size of cherries. During preparation, forbid women from seeing. Dry the pills after formation. Store in a container, keep clean, do not let incense extinguish. This relies on mental focus, do not be careless. Carry this formula, and it will be divinely effective. The preparer must avoid seeing any impurities during the month. Laypeople must believe and understand it; purity and single-mindedness are required, otherwise the medicine lacks divine efficacy. On the day of onset, wash hands, take the pill, wrap in cotton, heat over incense fire. Men: left side; Women: right side. Pre-insert into the ear. Remove during urination/defecation, wash hands, re-insert. Do not let women touch. If a woman suffers, a man prepares it. Avoid all meat, pungent spices, and fruits. One pill can deliver ten men or three women. This formula is extremely efficacious; must be widely distributed. If one seeks personal gain, it will be ineffective.
To treat various Malarial conditions. Zhimu Pill Formula
Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (dried). Wumei Fructus Mume flesh (stir-fried, two and a half liang each). Roucongrong Cistanche Stem (cut and dried). Changshan Dichroa Root. Chi Fermented Soybean (stir-fried, two liang each). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried and chopped).
Renshen Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Gui Cinnamomi Cortex (remove rough bark, one and a half liang each).
The above eight ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills with warm wine.
To treat all Malaria. Shengdi Pill Formula
Dihuang Juice Rehmanniae (one sheng). Pishuang Realgar? No, Arsenic Trioxide (ground, half liang). La Wax (small amount).
The above three ingredients. First, warm Dihuang juice in a porcelain vessel until boiling. Add Pishuang, stir continuously while decocting until thick. Then add wax and mix. Form pills the size of mung beans. At each onset, swallow one pill with Jinghua Water (first drawn well water). If not cured, take another pill before the next onset.
To treat Malaria. Zhimu Yin Formula
Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (dried). Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (vinegar-fired, remove skirt). Taoren Semen Persicae (skin and tip removed, twin kernels stir-fried). Fuzi Lateralis Radix Aconiti Preparata (cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed). Changshan Dichroa Root. Yelangya Herb? No, Yelangya is likely Agrimoniae Herba or similar. Standard is often "Yelangya Cao". Wumei Fructus Mume (pit removed, one piece).
The above seven ingredients. Chop to hemp seed size. Take five qianbi per dose, with forty-nine grains of glutinous rice. Soak overnight until early morning (Wugeng). Decoct together to seven-tenths. Remove dregs. Drink while hot, divided into two doses. One dose before onset, one dose at onset.
To treat all Malaria, regardless of duration. Wumei Pill Formula
Wumei Fructus Mume flesh (stir-fried). Gui Cinnamomi Cortex (remove rough bark). Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (honey-fried and chopped). Hutoubone Tiger Head Bone (fried in butter, two liang each). Taoren Semen Persicae (skin and tip removed, twin kernels stir-fried and ground, one fen). Renshen Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (three liang). Chi Fermented Soybean (one sheng, stir-fried).
The above twelve ingredients. Pound and grind into powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills with water on an empty stomach. If deficiency consumption is present, add Biejia three liang.
To treat Malaria. Changshan Wine Formula
Changshan Dichroa Root. Biejia Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis (vinegar-fired, remove skirt, three fen each). Hutoubone Tiger Head Bone (fried, half liang). Chi Fermented Soybean (stir-fried, half fen). Taozhi Twig Persicae (one handful). Liuzhi Twig Salicis (one handful). Taoren Semen Persicae (seven to nine pieces, skin and tip removed, twin kernels stir-fried). Ganzao Fructus Jujubae (three pieces, pits removed). Wumei Fructus Mume (fried, seven pieces).
The above nine ingredients. Finely chop. Soak in one sheng of wine overnight. Next day, add five slices of Shengjiang Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. Decoct to five he. Remove dregs. Divide into two doses on an empty stomach.
To treat Malaria. Ehugao Paste Formula
Yanzhi Resina? No, Yanzhi is likely Colophony or similar resin. Awelium Asafetidae Resin (each about the size of a large soy bean, grind together).
The above two ingredients. Grind together. Mix with garlic flesh to form a paste. Take one large peach pit, split open, remove kernel, take one half. Fill the pit with the medicinal paste. When Malaria attacks, place the medicated peach pit over the thenar eminence (tiger's mouth) of the hand. Men: left; Women: right. Ensure the medicine touches the skin. Tie firmly with red silk. Leave overnight, then remove. The disease will not recur.