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Discussion: The condition known as "Congenital Red Eyes" (Mu Tai Chi) occurs because, while in the womb, the mother indulged in five pungent spices (Wu Xin, referring to garlic, chives, leeks, wild onions, and asafoetida) and took heat-inducing medicines. These pathogenic factors transmitted to the uterus and internal organs, causing the fetus to inherit internal pathogenic heat. Upon birth, the eyes become red and ulcerated, failing to heal even into adulthood; hence it is named "Congenital Red Eyes." Additionally, if a newborn's eyes are not washed cleanly, allowing foul fluids to soak and damage them, similar conditions may arise, though the internal and external treatments differ slightly.

For treating congenital red eyes that have persisted without healing, accompanied by dim and blurred vision and distending pain in the pupils. Antelope Horn Decoction (Lingyang Jiao Tang)
Antelope Horn Shavings (Lingyang Jiao, 3 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, forked parts removed), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Ruiren (Pruni Semen, skin removed), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed and roasted), Digupi (Phellodendri Cortex), Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen, lightly stir-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted, each 2 liang), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood, woody core removed, 3 liang).
The above nine ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take three qianbi per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until reduced to five fen, remove dregs, allow to cool to warm, and take after meals and before retiring.

For treating eye congenital redness and ulceration, with day-and-night aching pain, photophobia, and wind aversion, unresponsive to long-term medical treatment. Celosia Seed Powder (Qingxiangzi San)
Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen, 1 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stamens removed), Yujin (Curcumae Radix), Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Fructus seed), Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, forked parts removed), Digupi (Phellodendri Cortex, each 3 fen), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted, 1 liang).
The above nine ingredients are crushed, sifted into powder. Take one qianbi per dose, mix with decoction of Fangfeng, take after meals and before retiring, three times daily.

For treating fetal wind redness and ulceration. Reed Root Decoction (Lugen Tang)
Lugen (Phragmitis Rhizoma, sliced), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, sliced), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, sliced and stir-fried), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, black skin removed), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, forked parts removed, each 1 liang), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, 1.5 liang), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, added when decoction is ready).
The above seven ingredients, excluding Mangxiao, are coarsely crushed and sieved. Take two qianbi per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until reduced to six fen, remove dregs, add half a qianbi of Mangxiao, allow to cool to warm, take after meals, and again before retiring.

For treating congenital redness and ulceration. Coptis Pill (Huanglian Wan)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stamens removed), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, forked parts removed, each 1 liang), Longdan (Gentianae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, sliced and stir-fried), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, stems and leaves removed, each 0.5 liang).
The above five ingredients are crushed, sifted into powder, and mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, swallow with warm water before retiring.

For treating wind redness persisting for thirty to twenty years, and congenital red eyes. Black Sesame Oil Eye Ointment (Wuma You Gao)
Fresh Black Sesame Oil (Sheng Wuma You, amount approximating half an egg yolk, placed in a copper vessel and ground with a fine whetstone until thick and non-flowing), Shu Ai (Prepared Mugwort Leaf, 1 sheng), Xingren (Pruni Armeniaci Semen, 1 sheng), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stamens removed, 1 liang), Ji Fen (Chicken Excrement, 1 sheng), Yan (Salt, 1 he), Luan Fa (Tangled Hair, piece the size of a small cup).
The above seven ingredients: Dig a pit in the ground shaped like a bottle mouth, narrow outside and wide inside. Dry it by fire. Make a small ventilation hole elsewhere. Layer the first six ingredients in the pit in the shape of moxa cones. Burn them to produce smoke. Cover the pit mouth with the copper vessel used for grinding oil. When smoke ceases, remove the vessel and scrape off the soot. Grind the soot into fine powder and store in a porcelain box. Use a copper chopstick to apply an amount the size of a millet grain to the canthus of the eye before retiring; this is very effective.

For treating congenital red eyes involving eyelashes, with redness, ulceration, and dimness, unresponsive to long-term oral medication. Marvelous Response Ointment (Miaoying Gao)
Live Gecko (Xiehu, several pieces).
One water jar is filled with yellow earth, pressed firmly. Place the gecko inside without injuring it, protecting its tail. Seal the jar mouth with paper and pierce several holes with a chopstick for ventilation. After some time, several pellets of feces will appear. Select only those white at one end, discarding black ones. If afflicted, grind the selected feces with saliva into an ointment. Apply around the eyelashes without rubbing. The next morning, wash the eyes with warm sour rice water. Three applications yield immediate results.

For treating congenital red eyes. Pear Juice Eye Decoction (Lizhi Jian)
Pear Juice (Lizhi, one zhan), Ancient Coin (Gu Zi Tongqian, fourteen coins), Huhuanglian Powder (Huhuanglian Mo, 2 qian), Qingyan (Green Salt, 0.5 liang), Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 1 qian).
First, layer the fourteen ancient coins with Qingyan, filling the coin holes completely. Fire-burn until red-hot, remove dust, and immerse in the pear juice for one shichen (two hours). Remove coins, boil the juice for three to five boils, filter through new cotton into a porcelain bottle. Add Huhuanglian powder and steep for seven days. Remove residue, add Longnao powder, and mix evenly. Apply a small amount with a copper chopstick to the canthus of the eye.

For treating wind redness and congenital red eyes of long duration. Copper Green Eye Powder (Tongqing San)
Tongqing (Cupri Acetas, 1 qian), Nifen (Calomelas, 1 qian), Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 0.5 qian), Gan Dilong (Dry Pheretima, finely ground from one worm).
Grind the four ingredients into fine powder. Apply an amount the size of half a small bean to the canthus of the eye once or twice daily until healed.

For treating eye wind and congenital redness/ulceration. Ruiren Eye Ointment (Ruiren Gao)
Ruiren (Pruni Semen, skin removed, 0.5 liang, ground), Shidan (Melanteritum, ground powder, 1 qian), Nifen (Calomelas, 0.5 qian), Huangla (Yellow Beeswax, 0.5 liang).
Grind all except the wax into powder. Melt the wax in a little oil until resembling facial cream, then incorporate the other three ingredients and stir into an ointment. Apply twice daily, each time the size of a small bean.

For treating wind redness and congenital redness. Dark Plum Eye Decoction (Wumei Jian)
Wumei (Mume Fructus, seven fruits), Jiangshui (Sour Rice Water, 1 sheng), Ancient Coin (Gu Zi Tongqian, fourteen coins), Qingyan (Green Salt, 0.5 liang).
Soak Wumei in Jiangshui for seven days. Layer the ancient coins with Qingyan, filling the holes completely. Fire-burn until red-hot, remove dust, and immerse in the Wumei Jiangshui. Store in a porcelain bottle, seal with oil paper, and bury in the ground for twenty-one days (three sevens). Retrieve, filter through new cotton, and apply a small amount with a copper chopstick to the canthus of the eye three times daily.

For treating congenital red eyes. Borneol Eye Ointment (Longnao Gao)
Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 1 qian, ground), Ruiren (Pruni Semen, skin removed, 1 fen, ground), Xingren (Pruni Armeniaci Semen, seven fruits, soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel, ground).
Grind the three ingredients into a paste, blend evenly with human breast milk, and store in a porcelain box. Apply a small amount with a copper chopstick to the canthus of the eye twice daily.

For treating congenital red eyes accompanied by vertigo and unbearable pain. Qinpi Eye Decoction (Qinpi Jian)
Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex, coarse bark removed, 1 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stamens removed, 2 liang), Shengma ( Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 liang).
Finely slice the three ingredients, decoct in one sheng of water to obtain two he. Clarify and take one and a half he. Wrap in cotton on a copper chopstick and instill into the eye three to four times daily.

For treating congenital red eyes, regardless of duration, ensuring cure. Lead Tetroxide Eye Ointment (Qiandan Gao)
Qiandan (Minium, 4 liang), Xingren (Pruni Armeniaci Semen, fourteen fruits, soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed), Baimi (White Honey, 4 liang).
Grind Xingren into a paste, then add Qiandan and Baimi, grinding until extremely fine. Store in a silk bag within a porcelain bottle. Simmer in a water bath for the time it takes to walk five li. Filter out dregs. Before application, dip a copper chopstick into well water and apply a small amount to the canthus of the eye.

For treating chronic red eyes and congenital redness. Ancient Coin Eye Decoction (Gu Zi Qian Jian)
Ancient Copper Coins (Gu Tongqian, thirty coins), Salt Powder (Yan Shi Mo, 2 fen), Strong Vinegar (Yan Cu, 1 sheng).
Coat the coins with salt powder, filling the holes. On the noon of the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, burn on stone with charcoal until red-hot. Immerse in vinegar until cool. Pour into a small porcelain bottle. Seal with thirty-nine layers of paper, removing one layer daily until all are removed. Apply an amount the size of a millet grain to the eye with a copper chopstick.

For treating eye congenital redness. Almond Eye Ointment (Xingren Gao)
Almond Oil (Xingren You, amount of half an eggshell), Salt (Yan, powdered, 1 qian).
In a silver or earthenware vessel, mix salt powder and almond oil. Bind a bundle of willow branches tightly at one end and grind for three days until the mixture turns black. Take prepared mugwort the size of an egg, dig a pit, place tiles, set mugwort on top, and burn until gas passes. Once the fire is out, mix thoroughly. Keep covered. Wrap cotton around a stick tip, apply a small amount to both canthi of the eyes at night. Frequent use is very effective.

For treating long-standing congenital red eyes. White Lead Eye Ointment (Hufen Gao)
Hufen (Lead Carbonate, 1.5 liang), Ruiren (Pruni Semen, skin removed, 1 liang).
Grind Ruiren until mushy, then add Hufen and grind thoroughly. Also crush fresh sesame seeds to make a candle and burn it. Collect pig fat dripping from the flame into the Ruiren and Hufen mixture. Grind together until uniform like maltose syrup. Wrap a thin stick with cotton, dip into the medicine, and apply warmly to both canthi of the eyes at night. If cold, warm over the candle flame.

For treating congenital red eyes and pain. Verdigris Eye Ointment (Yanlv Gao)
Yanlv (Verdigris, 1 fen), Mi (Honey, 0.5 liang).
Mix in a clam shell. Warm over fire before retiring each night. Apply to the canthus of the eye for immediate relief.