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Discussion states: "Shan" (hernia) refers to pain. When pathogenic factors gather in the yin region, causing swelling and pain of the external genitalia, it is called Yin Shan (Yin Hernia), also known as Shan. There are four categories: Chang Shan (Intestinal Hernia), Luan Zhang (Testicular Swelling), Qi Shan (Qi Hernia), and Shui Shan (Water Hernia). Commonly referred to as Shan Qi (Hernial Qi), or Small Intestine Qi, or Bladder Qi. Investigating the root cause, kidney qi connects to the yin region, and has a exterior-interior relationship with the bladder. The bladder sac is an indicator of the bladder; deficiency in these two meridians allows cold to invade the lower jiao, leading to swelling of the scrotum and testes, or triggering hernial pain, hence collectively termed Yin Shan. If cold-dampness affects the small intestine, there is pain radiating from the lower abdomen to the testis, with the testicles moving up and down, known as Chang Shan (Intestinal Hernia); if cold pathogens lodge in the sinews and vessels, affecting the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian, causing vessel distension and obstruction, with pathogenic factors knotting in the testicles, it is called Luan Zhang (Testicular Swelling); in individuals with kidney deficiency, due to irregular diet and unregulated emotions, body fluids overflow internally and flow downward to the testicles, where cold qi knots and fails to disperse, this is called Qi Shan (Qi Hernia); when water qi is excessive, body fluids knot internally, this is called Shui Shan (Water Hernia). Water Hernia and Qi Hernia arise at the biao (superficial level), so acupuncture and moxibustion can treat them, and the disease is easy to cure. Intestinal Hernia and Testicular Swelling arise at the ben (root level), with deep-seated pathogenic factors, making treatment difficult.

Discussion states: The *Yellow Emperor's Classic of Acupuncture* records: "The Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian circles the external genitalia and reaches the lower abdomen. When this meridian is disturbed, it causes men to suffer from Shan disease, i.e., Yin Hernia." This occurs because excessive desires lead to exhaustion, depleting Kidney Water, which fails to nourish Liver Qi, causing stagnation and internal knotting, manifesting as Yin Hernia. Popular theories attribute Yin Hernia to residual qi of the Kidney, failing to realize that the pathogenic excess stems from the Liver Meridian. The treatment method should be to drain the excess of pathogenic factors and tonify the deficiency of the Liver Meridian.

For treating Yin Hernia with traction pain in the lower abdomen, use Tao Ren Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction):
Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, peeled, split kernels, stir-fried), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus, washed with hot water, dried, stir-fried), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed, sliced, stir-fried), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed), Hai Zao (Sargassum, washed to remove salt), Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, ten pieces).
Nine ingredients. Coarsely crush and sieve. Take five qian bi per dose. Add one and a half sheng of water and five slices of fresh ginger. Decoct until eight fen remains. Strain and take warm, without time restriction.

For treating Yin Hernia, use Ji Li Tang (Tribulus Decoction):
Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus, stir-fried, spines removed), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed), Shan Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus, each one liang).
Three ingredients. Crush to the size of hemp seeds. Take five qian bi per dose. Add one and a half sheng of water. Decoct until eight fen remains. Strain and take warm before meals.

For treating Yin Hernia with traction pain, use Sha Shen San (Adenophorae Radix Powder):
Sha Shen (Adenophorae Radix, one and a half liang), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed, half liang), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, forty-nine pieces, peeled, split kernels, stir-fried and pounded).
Three ingredients. Pound and grind into powder. Take two qian bi per dose, mixed with warm wine, without time restriction.

For treating Yin Hernia with pain, or pain attacking upwards to the navel and abdomen, use Jiao Fu Wan (Sichuan Pepper and Aconite Pill):
Shu Jiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus, eyes and closed-mouth parts removed, stir-fried to release moisture, one liang), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed), Ba Ji Tian (Morindae Officinalis Radix, heart removed), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, peeled, split kernels, stir-fried and pounded), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, sliced, stir-fried, half liang each).
Seven ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, on an empty stomach, at midnight, and before sleep, with warm wine.

For treating Yin Hernia with swelling and unilateral descent, use Kun Bu Wan (Laminaria Pill):
Kun Bu (Laminariae Thallus, washed to remove salt, roasted), Hai Zao (Sargassum, washed to remove salt, roasted), Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus, stir-fried, spines removed), Wu Yi (Myrobalani Fructus, stir-fried), Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, crushed, half liang each), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, sliced and roasted, three fen each).
Thirteen ingredients. Pound and grind into powder, mix evenly. Make pills with refined honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills per dose, on an empty stomach before meals, with warm wine or salt water.

For treating Yin Hernia with qi attack causing swelling and pain, use Huang Qi Wan (Astragali Pill):
Huang Qi (Astragali Radix, crushed), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, peeled, split kernels, stir-fried and pounded), Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus), Long Gu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae), Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus, stir-fried, spines removed), Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, crushed, half liang each), Bai Fu Ling (Poria, coarse bark removed, three fen each), Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix, heart removed, sliced and roasted).
Eighteen ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Make pills with refined honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, on an empty stomach before meals, with warm wine or salt water.

For treating Shan Qi, use Sha Shen Wan (Adenophorae Pill):
Sha Shen (Adenophorae Radix, two liang), Kun Bu (Laminariae Thallus, washed to remove salt and roasted), Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried, half liang each).
Three ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Use wine-boiled wheat paste to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, on an empty stomach before meals, with warm wine.

For treating Yin Hernia with qi rising but not descending, causing navel and abdominal pain, use Er Qi Wan (Two Qi Pill):
Shi Liu Huang (Native Sulfur, ground), Hei Qian (Black Lead, one liang each).
Two ingredients. First melt the lead in a pot. Then add sulfur and stir-fry until smoke penetrates downwards. Cool, remove, and grind into fine powder. Mix with glutinous rice paste to make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with warm wine.

For treating acute Yin Hernia distension, pain, and testicular swelling, use Mu Xiang Wan (Costi Pill):
Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed, stir-fried), Lai Fu Zi (Raphani Fructus, stir-fried), Qing Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium viride, white pith removed, stir-fried), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed, one liang each), Qian Niu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen, stir-fried).
Six ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Make pills with refined honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with warm wine. Stop when bowel movement is achieved.

For treating Small Intestine Shan Qi, use Ba Ji San (Morindae Powder):
Ba Ji Tian (Morindae Officinalis Radix, heart removed), Lian Shi (Meliae Fructus, flesh extracted, bran-roasted), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed, one liang each).
Five ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Take one qian bi per dose, on an empty stomach, mixed with warm wine.

For treating Small Intestine Shan Qi, use Lian Shi San (Meliae Powder):
Lian Shi (Meliae Fructus, flesh extracted, bran-roasted), Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried), Jing San Leng (Bistolomatis Rhizoma, baked, crushed), Peng E Zhu (Curcumae Phaeocaulis Rhizoma, baked, crushed).
Four ingredients in equal parts. Pound and sieve into powder. Take three qian bi per dose, mixed with green onion and wine.

For treating Yin Hernia attacking pain, use Hu Lu Ba Zhu San (Trigonellae Boiled Powder):
Hu Lu Ba (Trigonellae Semen), Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Ma Lin Hua (Iridis Flos), Peng E Zhu (Curcumae Phaeocaulis Rhizoma, baked, crushed), Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried, one and a half liang each), Lian Shi (Meliae Fructus, flesh extracted, bran-roasted), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix).
Twelve ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Take three qian bi per dose. Add half sheng of water and half sheng of wine. Decoct until seven fen remains. Take warm with dregs on an empty stomach before meals.

For treating Yin Hernia qi attack pain, use Hu Lu Ba Wan (Trigonellae Pill):
Hu Lu Ba (Trigonellae Semen), Bu Gu Zhi (Psoraleae Fructus, stir-fried), Bai Dou Kou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, peeled), Bi Xie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Qing Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium viride, white pith removed, roasted), Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed), Tu Si Zi (Cuscutae Semen, soaked in wine).
Twelve ingredients. Grind into fine powder. Use wine-boiled wheat paste to make pills the size of mung beans. Take twenty pills per dose, on an empty stomach with ginger and salt water.

For treating Small Intestine and Bladder Shan Qi pain, use Xiang Zi San (Baphicacanthi Powder):
Xiang Zi (Baphicacanthi Fructus, stir-fried), Jing San Leng (Bistolomatis Rhizoma, baked, crushed, one liang each), Jiang Huang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Ma Lin Hua (Iridis Flos, vinegar-roasted, half liang each), Mo Yao (Myrrha), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, fried, half liang each).
Six ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Take two qian bi per dose, on an empty stomach before meals, mixed with hot wine.

For treating Small Intestine Qi attacking lower abdominal pain, use Yuan Hua Wan (Genkwa Pill):
Yuan Hua (Genkwae Flos, vinegar-roasted to char), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed), Qing Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium viride, white pith removed, sliced), Hu Jiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, baked, crushed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed, half liang each).
Eight ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Use wine-boiled wheat paste to make pills the size of adzuki beans. Coat with cinnabar powder. Take ten to fifteen pills per dose, on an empty stomach before meals, with ginger and hot wine.

For treating Yin Hernia with cramping pain unbearable, use Ying Tong Wan (Pain-Relieving Pill):
Jiu Zi (Allii Tuberosi Semen, stir-fried), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome).
Two ingredients in equal parts. Grind into powder. Make pills with refined honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills per dose, on an empty stomach with warm wine.

For treating Yin Hernia with waist and abdominal pain, inability to eat, vomiting after eating, and alternating chills and fever, use Wu Zhu Yu Wan (Evodiae Pill):
Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus, three fen, soaked in water seven times, lightly stir-fried), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber, three fen, washed with water seven times, slippery substance removed), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, one liang), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix, one liang, weeds removed), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, one liang, stir-baked slightly red, crushed), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, one liang, rhizome removed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, one liang, bark removed), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, three fen, sliced), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, one and a half liang, use bark), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix, one liang).
Eighteen ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey and pound five hundred times. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills before meals with ginger water.

For treating Yin Hernia with waist and abdominal pain, cold extremities, and body pain, use Wu Tou San (Aconite Powder):
Chuan Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix, ten pieces, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, two liang).
Two ingredients. Pound and sieve into fine powder. Take two qian bi per dose. Add one sheng of water and half fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until five fen remains. Add half he of honey. Decoct for three boils until cooked. Take warm with dregs before meals.

For treating Yin Hernia accumulation with peri-umbilical and abdominal pain, use Chuan Wu Tou Wan (Sichuan Aconite Pill):
Chuan Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix, one liang, cracked by frying, skin and umbilicus removed), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus, half liang, soaked in water seven times, dried, lightly stir-fried), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, half liang, stir-baked slightly red, crushed), Jing San Leng (Bistolomatis Rhizoma, baked, crushed), Peng E Zhu (Curcumae Phaeocaulis Rhizoma, baked, crushed), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, sliced, roasted), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, one liang, soaked in water, peeled, split kernels, stir-fried).
Nine ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey and pound three to two hundred times. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with ginger water.