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[Loulu (Rhizoma Euphorbiae Humifusae)] Bitter and salty, cold, very cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats skin heat, malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, damp bi syndrome, promotes lactation, stops enuresis, and relieves itching of heat-induced sores. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It serves as the sovereign drug. It can treat malignant sores caused by heat-toxic wind on the body, and pruritus with urticaria on the skin and muscles. Ri Hua Zi states: Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) is its minister drug. It treats high fever in children, unblocks the Small Intestine to treat seminal emission, hematuria, wind-red eyes, mastitis, back carbuncle, scrofula, intestinal wind, discharges pus, nourishes blood, treats traumatic injuries, reconnects bones and tendons, applies to metal wounds, stops bleeding, promotes flesh growth, and unblocks meridians.

[Puhuang (Pollen Typhae)] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats cold-damp wind-bi syndrome, jaundice, tonifies the middle, stops bleeding, treats internal collapse with lower bleeding, bladder insufficiency, falls/fractures, gu poison; long-term use benefits essence and qi. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It primarily treats the six extremities damaging the Heart and Lungs, hematemesis, and bloody diarrhea. Ri Hua Zi states: It stops epistaxis, leukorrhea, postpartum blood vertigo, breast lumps, menorrhagia, intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, discharges pus, treats sores and boils, seminal emission, hematuria, traumatic blood stasis, and kills gu poison. Aversion: Shugu (Peony Root).

[Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae)] Sweet and pungent, warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats severe wind causing dizziness and headache, aversion to wind, wind pathogens, blindness, wind circulating throughout the body, pain and obstruction of bone joints, irritability, fullness, and hypochondriac pain, migratory pain in the hypochondrium, head, and face, limb spasms, internal tetanus following childbirth or metal wounds. Leaves: Treat sweating due to wind-heat from stroke. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It serves as the minister drug. Flowers: Treat heart and abdominal pain, limb stiffness and spasm, difficulty walking, meridian deficiency and emaciation, and pain between bone joints. Ri Hua Zi states: It treats thirty-six types of wind diseases, all kinds of asthenia in men, tonifies the middle and benefits spirit, wind-red eyes, stops tearing and paralysis/flaccidity, unblocks the five zang organs' pulse gates, five labors and seven injuries, emaciation with night sweats, irritability and heavy body; it can calm the mind and stabilize thoughts, and regulate qi pulses. Neutralizes: Fuzi toxicity. Incompatibility: Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Lilu (Veratrum Nigrum Radix), Bailian (Lilii Bulbus), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos).

[Qiancao (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae)] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. It primarily treats cold and heat in the heart, abdomen, and bladder, promotes urination, stops bleeding, resolves blood stasis; long-term use lightens the body and benefits qi and strength. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It serves as the sovereign drug. Unblocks meridians, stops persistent metrorrhagia in women, treats dysenteric blood, stops epistaxis, treats hematuria, promotes water passages. Ri Hua Zi states: It treats leukorrhea in women, lower bleeding and threatened abortion in pregnant women, blood vertigo syndromes, acute pain of the lochia mass (Erzhen), urinary retention, intestinal wind with bloody diarrhea, wandering wind with swelling and toxin, massive epistaxis and hematemesis, promotes lactation, stops seminal emission, and bloody dysentery. Raw: Breaks blood. Stir-fried: Nourishes blood.